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• Knee OA could lead to physical disabilities.
• People with knee injuries were at high risk of developing knee OA.
• There are quite number of knee OA outcome measures but most of them are self-administered questionnaires.
• Only few clinician-reported outcome measures are available and rarely assess the whole-body muscle strength and
endurance.
• WBAPT was developed and this study aimed to test validity and reliability of WBAPT.
Methods
Validity and Reliability of Whole-Body Anterior and Posterior Chain
Muscles Test (WBAPT) in People with Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and Knee Injuries: A Preliminary Study
Khin Nyein Yin 1 , Melvina Marvin Chong 1 , Fatimah Ahmedy 1 , Dayang Maryama Ag. Daud 1 , Ohnmar Htwe 2 , Syahiskandar Sybil Shah 3
(1) Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sabah (2) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (3) Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu
• Thirteen participants with knee OA and knee injury history were included.
• Repetitions per minute of standing hip flexion-extension with arm raised (left and right), standing with hip and
shoulder abduction (left and right), superman, squat with trunk rotation, hinge with calves raised were assessed in WBAPT and scores were recorded according to WBAPT scoring.
• A retest was performed in one week time.
Background and Aim
Results
WBAPT Cronbach’s α = 0.91
WBAPT Subscales Test 1
Cronbach’s α
Test 2
Cronbach’s α standing hip flexion-extension with arm raised
(left)
0.90 0.91
standing hip flexion-extension with arm raised (right)
0.90 0.91
standing with hip and shoulder abduction (left) 0.90 0.91 standing with hip and shoulder abduction (right) 0.90 0.90 Superman (posterior chain muscles ) 0.90 0.92 squat with trunk rotation (anterior chain muscle) 0.92 0.93
hinge with calves raised (posterior chain muscles)
0.90 0.91
WBAPT Subscales Test 1
(Mean±SD)
Test 2
(Mean±SD)
t df P
value standing hip flexion-extension
with arm raised (left)
37.46± 10.44 37.08± 6.08 0.15 12 0.88
standing hip flexion-extension with arm raised (right)
37.62± 9.45 37.92± 5.99 -0.15 12 0.89
standing with hip and shoulder abduction (left)
37.31± 8.10 35.85± 6.09 0.68 12 0.51
standing with hip and shoulder abduction (right)
35.00± 7.79 36.15± 6.68 -0.70 12 0.50
Superman (posterior chain muscles)
36.62± 7.45 42.85± 7.66 -2.43 12 0.03
squat with trunk rotation (anterior chain muscle)
18.15± 5.15 18.08± 4.23 0.06 12 0.95
hinge with calves raised (posterior chain muscles)
43.31± 10.31 36.00± 10.85 2.58 12 0.02
WBAPT Subscales Test 1
(Mean±SD)
Test 2
(Mean±SD)
Pearson Correlation
(r)
P value
standing hip flexion-
extension with arm raised (left)
37.46± 10.44 37.08± 6.08 0.48 0.10
standing hip flexion-
extension with arm raised (right)
37.62± 9.45 37.92± 5.99 0.59* 0.04
standing with hip and shoulder abduction (left)
37.31± 8.10 35.85± 6.09 0.44 0.13
standing with hip and shoulder abduction (right)
35.00± 7.79 36.15± 6.68 0.67* 0.01
Superman (posterior chain muscles )
36.62± 7.45 42.85± 7.66 0.25 0.41
squat with trunk rotation (anterior chain muscle)
18.15± 5.15 18.08± 4.23 0.56* 0.05
hinge with calves raised (posterior chain muscles
43.31± 10.31 36.00± 10.85 0.54 0.06
