INTRODUCTION
Research Background
- E-payment in Malaysia
- Mobile Payment
- Mobile Wallet in Malaysia
- Generation Y
According to Shin (2009), a consumer can conduct a variety of transactions to consumer (C2C), business (C2B), machine and online with a mobile wallet. Malaysians get a wide range of mobile wallet apps to choose from, ranging from international mobile wallets such as Alipay, WeChat Pay and Samsung Pay.
Research Problem
Research Objectives & Research Question
- General Objectives
- Specific Objectives
- Research Question
How do (1) perceived ease of use, (2) perceived usefulness, (3) perceived risk and (4) perceived security influence the adoption of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley. What factors most influence the adoption of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley.
Hypothesis
Research Significance
Chapter Layout
Conclusion
H1: There is a positive influence between perceived ease of use and the acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley. But perceived risk and perceived security are not significant for the acceptance of international mobile wallet.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Underlying theories
Whereas the perceived ease of use is where a person believes that a particular system would be easy to use or handle. Finally, the security variable has become a crucial element in the study of international mobile wallet acceptance because it will affect both the intention and the use of it (Kurnia & Benjamin, 2007).
Review of Variables
- Dependent Variable - Acceptance
- Independent Variable - Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)
- Independent Variable - Perceived Usefulness (PU)
- Independent Variable - Perceived Risk (PR)
- Independent Variable - Perceived Security (PS)
Additionally, customer intention to make online payments is also influenced by perceived ease of use (Grefen, Karahanna & Straub, 2003). In determining behavioral intentions toward information technology, perceived usefulness is the primary influencer and perceived ease of use is a secondary influencer (David, 1989).
Proposed theoretical / conceptual framework
Hypothesis Development
Conclusion
Introduction
Research Design
- Quantitative Approach
A quantitative approach is used to answer a research question and test a hypothesis by collecting numerical numbers and analyzing data statistics (Sekaran & Bougie, 2013). Based on Wisdom & Creswell (2013), the quantitative approach summarizes the population by testing a representative part of it. The main objective of the quantitative approach in this research is to examine the factors influencing the adoption of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in the Klang Valley.
Sampling Design
- Target Population
- Sampling Location
- Sampling Elements
- Sampling Techniques
- Convenience Sampling
- Sampling Size
In this research, we chose the Klang Valley as a specific location for data collection in order to reduce the cost of conducting this research. The sample elements of this research are Generation Y respondents residing in the Klang Valley. The researchers will send Google Forms to respondents belonging to this generation to collect the required information.
The two sampling techniques commonly used are probability sampling and non-probability sampling technique. In this research, the researchers will use non-probability sampling because it is cheap, common and does not require a large sample population. Convenience sampling was used by the researchers to obtain information and data for this study.
In the words of Zikmund et al. 2013), convenience sampling would be the collection of data and information from the handiest respondents available. According to Etikan, Musa & Alkassim (2016), convenience sampling is a situation where respondents are easily contactable, available at a given time and willing to participate with the researchers. During the data collection process of the researchers, questionnaires in the form of Google forms are created and shared via Facebook and Whatsapp because respondents are easily accessible, available at that time and are willing to complete our questionnaire.
Data Collection Methods
- Primary data
- Secondary data
Proposed Analysis Tool
- Questionnaire Design
- Pilot Study
Pilot testing is a trial run that is carried out before the actual full-scale study to ensure the validity of any research and test the feasibility of the survey instrument, which ensures that clear and easy-to-understand instructions and questions (Teijlingen &. After that, 203 questionnaires will be distributed to the target respondents if no error is identified during the pilot test.
Construct Measurement
- Origin of Construct
- Data scale of measurement
I am concerned that International Mobile Wallet will use my personal information for other purposes without my authorization. I will continue to use international mobile wallet instead of other mobile wallet (or other payment method).
Data Processing
- Questionnaire Checking
- Data Editing
- Data Coding
According to Zikmund et al. 2013), the nominal scale is the fundamental measurement scale that classifies the respondent with common characteristics into a group. In part B, the interval scale is applied to measure the variables tested in the study. The process of inspecting and scanning the information collected from the questionnaire to correct errors and omissions is called Data Editing (Zikmund et al., 2013).
After designing the questionnaire in Google Forms, we decided to make all questions mandatory for respondents to answer. In addition, critical checks are made, such as minor adjustments to grammar and language to improve the data to ensure the quality of the research and further improve the usability of the data. Assigning symbols or numbers to the questionnaire categories to simplify the process of converting responses to database is called Data Coding (Zikmund et al., 2013).
Using numbers to represent measurements in the questionnaire instead of alphabets will facilitate the researchers when performing the data tabulation at the end of the questionnaire collection. In Section B of our questionnaire includes 4 independent variables with 5 measurement scales ranging from disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree. To facilitate data conversion at the end of the collection period, we decided to use coding to represent the measurement, "1" as disagree, "2" as disagree.
Data Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Scale Measurement
- Reliability Analysis
- Inferential Analysis
- Multiple Regression
Multiple linear regression is used to examine the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. In this study, multiple linear regression is used to determine how perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived security affect the acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley.
Conclusion
DATA ANALYSIS
- Descriptive Analysis
- Gender
- Age group
- Educational Qualification
- Employment status
- Income level
- Have you heard of international mobile wallet
- Have you used any international mobile wallet before
- Have you used any local mobile wallet before
- Scale Measurement
- Central Tendency
- Reliability Analysis
- Inferential Statistics
- Multiple Regression Analysis
- Conclusion
From pie chart 4.6 above we found that most of our respondents are aware of the presence of international mobile wallet and only 9 respondents (4.4%) are not aware of the presence of international mobile wallet. From bar chart 4.7 above, we found that most of our respondents (58.6%) have never used an international mobile wallet. Those who have previously used an international mobile wallet, however, prefer WeChat Pay (32.5%) over Alipay (14.3%) and Samsung pay (5.4%).
First, International Mobile Wallet (IMW) is our dependent variable, it shows a mean of 3.7094 and standard deviation of 0.80331. Therefore, the study shows that the independent variables of this research significantly explain the acceptance of International Mobile Wallet among Generation Y in the Klang Valley. With other variables held constant, perceived usefulness (β=0.525) has the most significant influence towards international mobile wallet acceptance.
Follow, perceived ease of use (β=0.191), perceived security (β=0.100) and finally perceived risk (β=-0.055) with the least influence towards international mobile wallet acceptance. With the standard (P<0.05) variable being significant, ease of use (P=0.003) and perceived usefulness (P=0.000) have a significant impact towards the acceptance of international mobile wallet. In contrast, perceived risk (P=0.291) and perceived security (P=0.086) are not significant in terms of international mobile wallet acceptance.
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Summary of statistical analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Scale Measurement
- Central Tendency
- Reliability analysis
- Inferential Analysis
- Multiple Regression Analysis
The overall Cronbach's Alpha score for this research is 0.931, indicating that the result is consistent and reliable. The result shows that 49.5% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables and the other 50.5% is explained by other factors. To conclude, the R-squared value indicates a significant relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables.
Thus, the study shows that the independent variables of this research significantly influence the adoption of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in the Klang Valley. For other variables, at constant perceived usefulness (β=0.525), it has the most significant effect on the acceptance of international mobile wallet.
Discussion of Major Findings
H2: There is a positive influence between perceived usefulness and acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in the Klang Valley. The result (P=0.000, β=0.525) shows that there is a significant positive influence between perceived usefulness and acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in the Klang Valley. H3: There is a negative influence between perceived risk and acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in the Klang Valley.
The result (P=0.291, β=-0.055) shows that there is no significant influence between perceived risk and acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley. H4: There is a positive influence between perceived security and the acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley. The result (P=0.086, β=0.100) shows that there is no significant influence between perceived security and acceptance of international mobile wallet among Generation Y in Klang Valley.
The result is not consistent with previous studies that there is a positive influence between perceived security and acceptance of international mobile wallet (Heng 2004; Adesuvi et al., 2013; The result is similar to Teoh et al. 2013), that perceived security has no effect on the acceptance of international mobile wallet. To conclude, the result is similar to Teoh et al. 2013), that perceived security does not affect the acceptance of international mobile wallet.
Implications of the Study
As merchants, business owners should enroll in easy-to-use and useful mobile wallets to attract future growth for their businesses and improve the adoption of international mobile wallets and increase the adoption rate of international mobile wallets in Malaysia. Finally, we also encourage future researchers to work with mobile wallet developers to identify and better analyze the core and additional benefits that can be provided to users beyond providing an easy-to-use and useful mobile wallet. In addition, this research will hopefully serve as a guideline for future researchers to better understand this topic.
Limitations of the Study
Recommendations for Future Research
Conclusion
We are currently conducting a study on "Acceptance of International Mobile Wallet Among Generation Y in Klang Valley" for our graduation project. The aim of this research is to understand the factors that influence the adoption of international mobile wallets among Generation Y in Klang Valley. This section asks you about the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived safety, and acceptance of international mobile wallets.
I can easily remember how to perform tasks using an international mobile wallet. I am concerned that an international mobile wallet will use my personal information for purposes other than mine.
