Research and TED Presentations in the Philippines 2 6 The role of information and extension processes in successful.
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Plates
32 Branding activity of green turtle in Brunei Darussalam 45 33 Release of accidentally captured green turtle by local. 81 Tagging the front flippers of the green turtle in Vietnam 133 82 Applying PTT to the shell of a green turtle for satellite telemetry tracking 133.
List of Tables
15 Migration route of three post-nesting hawksbill turtles followed by satellite after nesting in the Turtle Islands heritage site.
List of Acronyms
RIMF Research Institute for Marine Fisheries RTC Regional Technical Consultation RCCF Research Center for Capture Fisheries SCO Straight Carapace Length.
Appointment of one Country Coordinator by each ASEAN Member State for the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Sea Turtle Research Network; Conduct research based on regional projects as proposed under the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Sea Turtle Research Network.
ACTION TAKEN BY SEAFDEC ON SEA TURTLE RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION
ACTIVITIES (1992-2003)
In addition to the management of marine fisheries resources, the focus of SEAFDEC/MFRDMD is on sustainable development and therefore the Sea Turtle Research and Conservation Program was initiated in 1996. The purpose of the Sea Turtle Program is to address immediate issues related to the management and conservation of sea turtles in the ASEAN/SEAFDEC area.
Workshops/Seminars and Training Organized by SEAFDEC/MFRDMD (1996-2003)
The First Meeting on Regional Tagging Program and Data Collection on Marine Turtle in Terengganu, Malaysia: 21-23 December 1997
All participants who attended the course were directly involved in their duty related to sea turtle tagging and conservation activities. The results of these tagging activities are reported in this book under the Sea Turtle Conservation and Management section in each country.
The First Regional Course on Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in Terengganu, Malaysia: 24-30 August 1998
Second SEAFDEC-ASEAN Regional Workshop on Sea Turtle Conservation and Management, Terengganu, Malaysia: 26-28 July 1999. If possible, the meeting could be held in parallel with the SEAFDEC-ASEAN Regional Workshop on Sea Turtle Conservation and Management.
Khram Island Rookery in Thailand
Sea turtles are highly migratory animals and are known to roam freely throughout the waters of this region. As regards sea turtle tagging activities, Member States successfully implemented their sea turtle tagging activities using SEAFDEC/MFRMD inconel tags in the year 2001-2003.
Inconel and PIT Tags used in Myanmar and Other Member Countries
In addition, the PIT marking manual was also distributed to the member states with the aim of providing guidelines for a correct marking technique and standardizing marking activities in the region. Recognizing the importance of the issue related to sea turtles and their impact on fisheries in the ASEAN region, SEAFDEC has developed a regional program on fish trade and the environment.
Plate 14. Tagging of Front Flippers of Green Turtle in Sabah, Malaysia
The new type of tags, i.e. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags or microchip tags are becoming popular and many researchers are now using these tags to supplement flipper tags. This activity aims to develop a range of satellite tracking techniques to determine migration and distribution patterns of sea turtles in the region.
The now well-known “Anthony Weedless”, “Supershooter” and the “Bent Pipe” devices were imported from the US. Investigators also collected and imported the “Georgia Jumper” and “Mexican” devices from Mexico and imported them to Thailand.
Achievements in the use of TED in the Philippines have focused on the area of capacity building at the local level. These initial activities were followed by extensive research activities focusing on the design and use of TEDs in the Philippines.
SEA TURTLE SPECIES OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
In the Philippines, leatherbacks have been reported to nest on the Q uiniuban island group northeast of Palawan. In the Philippines, the most important nesting sites are on the Turtle Islands (Tawi Province), a group of islands shared with Sabah in the Southern Sulu Sea (Selingaan, Gulisan and Bakkungaan Kecil) and is about 80%.
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Tagging activity of Green Turtle in Brunei Darussalam
In 2003, the ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC) sponsored a workshop on turtle conservation and management. Sea turtle research is still in its infancy in Brunei Darussalam and it is envisaged that more research activities would be carried out with the establishment of a 5.2 hectare sanctuary at Meragang Beach in 2005.
CAMBODIA
As a result, all participants became aware of the importance of conserving sea turtles and other endangered species. P am p hlet provided background information and concepts about sea turtle species in Cambodia and the importance of sea turtle conservation and enhancement.
INDONESIA
This means that sea turtle conservation must be accompanied by simultaneous conservation of the marine environment. Furthermore, as sea turtles migrate over long distances, management of these species must be carried out on a large scale.
Hatcheries
They are categorized as endangered species in the Red Data Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and are placed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). CITES states that all turtle species in appendix I are categorized as endangered species and are prohibited from international trade.
Protected Areas/Sea Turtle Sanctuaries
There were 124 individuals tagged and only 2 individuals accidentally recaptured by fishermen at the same location where the turtles were released (W iadnyana, 2004). The satellite telemetry tracking activities of sea turtles started in 1989 at Segam by Island, Lambong D istrict using the ST-10 PTT sponsor offered by the Japanese Government.
International/Regionai Cooperation
The data on turtle ecology are necessary for conservation efforts, which would be gradually obtained with the increasing interest in sea turtle research in Indonesia. This is a positive sign for improving the sea turtle database, which can improve sea turtle management and conservation in Indonesia.
MALAYSIA
Introduction
In Sarawak, the green turtle is the main species of sea turtle, breeding in large numbers from May to September every year. All four species of sea turtles that ply the offshore waters of Malaysia's coastline are considered endangered, as well as both species of turtles that live in riverine and estuarine environments.
Federal Legislation
The main contributions of the act relate to the objectives of conservation, management and development of marine resources. It also provides a basic framework for additional legislation to be adopted for the conservation and management of sea turtles, including the establishment of protected areas or other no-fishing areas.
In the case of Sabah and Sarawak, they have special privileges under the Federation of Malaysia. The legislation prohibits the capture, killing, injury, possession or sale of turtles, collection of eggs, disturbing turtles during egg-laying and provision for the establishment of a turtle reserve.
State Legislation Peninsular Malaysia
Implementation of an integrated and uniform approach to conservation and research aimed at wise management of the TIHPA. Development of appropriate information awareness programs aimed primarily at the residents of the Turtle Islands on the conservation of sea turtles and the protection of their habitats.
Sarawak
In general, according to the research program, all collaborative scientific research, management and case studies can be carried out not only on turtle resources, but also on other areas such as elasmobranch, cetacean and dugong resources. Under the Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1998 (Amended 2003) all species of Chelonidae and Dermochelyidae were listed as fully protected Animals.
Sea Turtle and Terrapin Egg Collection and Licensing System
Peninsular Malaysia
The Sultan reserves the right to publish any parts of the Shrines at any time. The sultan is responsible for issuing tenders for exclusive rights to collect eggs in shrines or other areas, subject to certain conditions and payment (Dionysius, 2003).
Sabah
The Sarawak Turtle Board owned all the turtles and their eggs from all the turtle islands of Sarawak. The Sarawak Museum pays the Turtle Board for all the eggs that have been incubated in the hatcheries.
Membership in International and Regional Treaties
This was the starting point for the involvement of the Sarawak Forest Department in sea turtle conservation programs. Since 1998, sea turtle management and research in Sarawak has been taken over by the Sarawak Forest Department.
Management Practices of Sea Turtle Hatcheries in Malaysia
This will keep trawlers away from sea turtle habitats during the nesting season. Through this study, areas have been identified for the interesting habitat of sea turtles nesting in the Talang-Satang National Park.
Artificial Beach Hatcheries
A total of 1,000 reef balls were randomly placed around Talang-Satang National Park from 1998 to 2003. Areas used by turtles during the period of interest were seeded with reef balls to deter trawlers from fishing in the area.
The Operation of Beach Hatcheries
Incubation in Styrofoam Boxes
Emergence success from 26 clutches of naturally incubated eggs was reported to be higher with an average of 86.4% in 1993 (Kamarruddin and Abdul Rahman, 1993). Without ghost crabs and red ant predation, 9 out of 222 nests recorded 100% emergence success during the 2002 Mak Kepit nesting beach survey.
Low Hatching Success
Hatchery Management Peninsular Malaysia
The hatchery at Tanjung Datu National Park is set up above the high tide mark. Sand in the hatchery was turned over every year and replaced with fresh sand from the beach every three years.
Tagging and Satellite Telemetry Tracking Activities
Sand in the hatchery was excavated and turned in April each year to keep the hatchery clean of any material such as wood, rotten roots, etc. The cyclical pattern of adult green turtle returns over the past 26 years (1970 to 1995) fluctuated with an average of 2,000 couplings per year.
Tagging Activities in Peninsular Malaysia
Remigration refers to the return of an adult sea turtle to its resting place for an additional nesting season. The actual interval between nesting seasons for leatherbacks in Malaysia would be greater than 2 years.
Tagging Activities in Sabah and Sarawak
Another study on the internal movement of green turtles from Pulau Talang-Talang Besar, Pulau Talang-Talang Kechil and Pulau Satang Besar was conducted in 2003. Three adult green turtles from each of the islands were equipped with radio and ultrasonic telemetry equipment.
Feeding Grounds and Migration
When most functions of Sarawak Forest Department were taken over by Sarawak Forestry Corporation Sdn. The Sarawak Forest Department has been working closely with the Ministry of Education, Sarawak on an environmental education plan which included sea turtle conservation in primary and secondary schools.
Research Activities
Mr. Sukarno bin Wagiman,
Mr. Zulkifli bin Talib,
MYANMAR
Conservation of sea turtles in Myanmar and their prosperity mostly depends on the participation of the local people. Currently, sea turtle conservation and enhancement activities are carried out in Myanmar with the cooperation of SEAFDEC/M FRDM D, SEASTAR2000, IOSEA/CM S and CARE Myanmar.
PHILIPPINES
Satellite telemetry project for green turtle nesters in the Turtle Islands Heritage P (TIPA) Protected Area. Secretariat for the MoU on Sea Turtles in the Indian Ocean and South East Asia.
THAILAND
The Sea Turtle Conservation Center in the Gulf of Thailand, Chonburi Province is operated by the Royal Thai Navy. This impressive act created enthusiastic feelings in people's minds about saving sea turtles.
VIETNAM
- CITES: Study on sea turtles taxonomy
- SEAFDEC/MFRDMD: Study on sea turtles tagging
- CMS: Sea turtles survey
- ASEAN: Establishment of marine park
- IUCN: Setting up National Action Plan
- Fauna and Flora International: Marine biodiversity
- NOAA and WWF: Satellite telemetry tracking
- Mr. Phan Hong Dung,
- Mr. Dinh Thanh Dat,
- Professor Pham Thuoc,
- Mr. Nguyen Duy Hong,
On August 1, 1978, the Con Dao County People's Committee issued a notice to continue the enforcement of the previous implementation. The idea of conserving sea turtles in Con Da was proposed by the park authorities in 1995.
Report of the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Regional Technical Consultancy on Sea Turtle Management and Conservation in Southeast Asia, 16-18 September 2003, Kuala Lumpur: 71-83. Report of the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Regional Technical Consultancy on Sea Turtle Management and Conservation in Southeast Asia, 16-18 September 2003, Kuala Lumpur: 29-38.
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC)
SEAFDEC Addresses
