This research intends to evaluate effective corporate governance elements that affect job satisfaction among employees in Chinese state-owned commercial banks. The results showed a statistically significant influence of effective corporate governance implementation on job satisfaction among employees in Chinese state-owned commercial banks.
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Research Background
- Corporate Governance
- Why CG importance
- Relationship between Corporate Governance and Job satisfaction
- Corporate Governance in China
- The banking industry in China
- Problem Statement
- Research Objectives
- General Objective
- Specific Objectives
- Research Questions
- Significance of Study
- Conclusion
It is impossible to overestimate the importance of effective corporate governance in the operation of companies and organizations. To find out whether or not the effective corporate governance applied in the Chinese state-owned commercial banks improves employee happiness or job satisfaction.
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Review of variables
- Effective Corporate Governance
- Transparency
- Equality
- Accountability
- Job satisfaction
- Salary and compensation
- Training and Professional Development
- Promotion
- Literature Reviews: Underlying Theories
- Agency Theory
- Stakeholder Theory
- Stewardship Theory
- Proposed Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
- Hypotheses Development
- Conclusion
H3: There is a significant impact that effective corporate governance practices (transparency, equity, accountability) have been implemented to promote the employees of state-owned commercial banks in China. H4: There is a significant impact that effective corporate governance practices (transparency, equity, accountability) have been implemented on the assessment of job satisfaction (salary and compensation packages, training and professional development, promotion) of state-owned commercial bank employees in China.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
- Quantitative Data Collection
The collected data is then processed by translation into numbers and figures which represent a scale or nominal value with calculation techniques. The measurement of power level will be done with data collected from the respondents in the questionnaire, where it is primarily aimed at the employees working in the six state-owned commercial banks in China. Questionnaire and survey are chosen as the primary method due to the cost-effectiveness compared to other data collection methods (Zikmund & Babin, 2010) and are able to represent the population in the case of a large sample within a specific study area (Smith, 2004). where defined as "employees working in the six state-owned commercial banks in China." In this case.
Data Collection Method
- Primary Data
- Secondary Data
Two online survey applications including Google Form at docs.google.com and Tencent Questionnaire at wj.qq.com were compared to determine the best application to use, while Tencent Questionnaire is selected based on Chinese preferences and difficulties in access to Google in China. Yang (2018) also outlined the reliability of the Tencent Questionnaire application in data collection from China. We avoid unreliable websites and articles without authors to maintain the reliability of the information used in the study.
Sampling Design
- Target Population
- Sampling Techniques
- Sampling Location
- Sampling Method Evaluation
- Sampling Size
Some websites and internet materials are also used in the study, especially e-news publishers and magazine websites. In this research, the study focuses on 1.8 million employees working in six state-owned commercial banks in China (Tian, 2022). The survey uses a simple technique where respondents are asked whether they work in six state-owned commercial banks in China.
Research Instrument
- Reliability Test: Pilot Test
A minimum of 271 questionnaires will then be collected for information and data collection from the selected respondents. Feedback from pilot test participants is a major factor in improving the overall quality of the questionnaire, including text comprehensibility, reduction of grammatical and translation errors, and identification of difficult or irrelevant questions. This process is designed to increase the quality of the questionnaire, then to ensure the accuracy of the answers and then the quality of the final result.
Data Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Scale Measurement
The data collected exclusively describe only certain characteristics of the respondents, but the researcher cannot make any analysis or conclusion based on this information, since the description without measurements is meaningless and does not explain the study. Descriptive data and information collected in this study are in Section A of the survey, which asks questions about respondents' demographic information, and is described in the responses. The data can be interpreted by measuring the central tendency and dispersion of the data, which describe the central location of the sample distribution and the standard deviation of the characteristics as information collected from the respondents or.
Data Processing
- Data Checking
- Data Editing
- Data Coding
- Data Transcription
- Data Cleaning
According to the author, data editing is a process of revising and adjusting the data according to the need of the survey without changing the true meaning behind the data. In this research, for example, male is translated into 1 where female is translated into 2 in the data for respondent's gender. Data transcription is a process where the data is managed and organized in a specific order and pattern, to help researcher systematically organize the collected data.
Questionnaire Design
- Pilot Tests: Result and Improvement
1 The corporation establishes the bases and rules for the decision-making process and employees are informed about it. 1 The Corporation encourages employees to seek their rights based on laws, regulations and guidelines. 5 The Corporation clarifies the provisions that determine the penalty, duties and responsibilities of departments and members.
Conclusion
If the result of the Cronbach Alpha value fell below the range of 0.6 to 1.0, it indicates that all items are reliable and acceptable in this study (Pallant, 2010). The Polit test in this study, it obtained an overall result of 0.972 indicates that the variables from this study are reliable and consistent.
DATA ANALYSIS
Descriptive Analysis
- Respondents Demographic Profile
Out of the total 301 participants involved in the research, 157 are men, which made up 52.2% of the total participants involved. There are 4 qualification groups present in the research, the largest group is bachelor's degree holders, who comprise almost half (68.5%) of the sample collected, holders of diploma or less and master's degree each hold 14.3% and 10.6% of total participation respectively out of 75 respondents in total, only 20 respondents (6.6%) are of the doctoral degree holders. More than 15 years of work experience accounted for up to 12.6% of the entire sample size, with a frequency of 38.
Reliability Analysis Test
Cronbach's alpha is adopted to measure the validity and reliability of the variables by accessing the closeness and consistency of the data collected. Six variables have Cronbach's Alpha values greater than 0.8, and one Cronbach's Alpha value is below 0.8. Such large Cronbach's Alpha values for transparency and accountability mean that the measurement scale of these variables was reliable and consistent.
Inferential Analysis
- Normality Test
Total of 30 items of 6 different variables were measured in the applied software, where reliability test is performed to measure and finally determine the value known as Cronbach's Alpha. From the table 4.8 normality test result shows this research is good of a normal distribution because of the normality test result under the guideline rates of the normal distribution. Based on table 4.8, the Skewness analysis of all variables was within the range of ±3 and in negative Skewness which means the score above.
Hypotheses Testing
- Multiple Regression Analysis
As referred to the Table 4.9, the multiple regression with five independent variables produced R2 = 0.720 which means that 72% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable. As referred to the Table 4.12, the multiple regression with five independent variables produced R2 = 0.716 which means that 71.6% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable. As referred to the Table 4.15, the multiple regression with five independent variables produced R2 = 0.755 which means that 75.5% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variable.
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
Summary of Statistical Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Scale Measurement: Reliability Test
- Inferential Analysis
The majority (68%) of respondents who took part in the survey have more than 5 years of work experience. The job title of the respondents has also been assessed, and the result has shown that 65% of the respondents are regular employees, with 18% being head of department/unit/division and 13% holding a team leader position. The R-square test performed in multiple regression model has confirmed a respective participation of the independent variables in relation to the dependent variables job satisfaction in dimension of pay and compensation (SC), training and professional development (TPD), Promotion (P), which implies an existing relationship between the variables in the direction of job satisfaction implemented in determining salary and compensation, designing training and professional development, promotion for state-owned commercial bank employees in China.
Discussion in Major Findings
- Hypothesis Test: Effective Corporate Governance (Transparency, Equality,
In conclusion, the higher the effective corporate governance in terms of transparency, equity and accountability, the higher the job satisfaction when employees work in a state-owned commercial bank in China. Thus, when the company applies effective corporate governance, it will lead to a higher probability of employee job satisfaction. This implication probably points to the importance of effective corporate governance (transparency, equity and accountability) towards the target group (employees working in state-owned commercial banks) in their training and professional development towards job satisfaction.
Implications of the Study
- Managerial Implication
- Marketing Implication
- System Implication
When both the times and the market are in a state of permanent change, the corporate governance mechanism that exists now may not be appropriate for the environment in which it is being used. This research has the potential to contribute to the development of additional views on the creation, maintenance and strengthening of efficient corporate governance procedures, as well as the continuous improvement of the regulatory framework of banking corporate governance. Companies will no doubt benefit greatly from this development, but government institutions will also reap rewards if they can improve their ability to design corporate governance systems and rules that are appropriate for the current times.
Limitations of the Study
Different cities have different levels of economics and even adopt the same corporate governance that will influence the level of job satisfaction of employees. No other variables such as the mediator or moderator variables are involved in this study, therefore the results may not be accurate. Because in the banking industry, there are still many factors that can affect job satisfaction in corporate governance.
Recommendation for Future Research
Due to the limited social circles, the questionnaire cannot be evenly distributed among the six state-owned commercial banks, and the respondents of the online survey do not represent the entire spectrum of employees in China. It is expected that studies with more perspectives will reveal and discover even more insights that can lead to the development of a new research model and theoretical framework. Research on effective corporate governance and workplace satisfaction should have more elements in it, or the element could be divided into a few more categories.
Conclusion
The role of effective corporate governance and motivational leadership in increasing human resource productivity and efficiency. Corporate governance and sustainability of the banking sector in Kenya: the perceived effect of fairness and accountability. The value of corporate governance in the public sector: the case of the public healthcare sector in Greece.
公司治理实践对员工绩效和工作满意度影响的评估：以哈拉雷大都会省中小企业为例第二部分：衡量公司治理水平
