Covid 33: Perceptions and Expectations of Council Members on Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020
Wenni Anggita1*, Nanang Wahyudin2, Wirazilmustaan3
1,2 Faculty of Economic, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Indonesia
3 Faculty of Law, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] Accepted: 15 June 2021 | Published: 1 July 2021
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Abstract: The uncomfortable news for government officials, members of the DPRD, as well as other civil servants in the midst of the corona pandemic (covid-19) with the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 33 of 2020 concerning Regional Unit Price Standards which they call “Covid 33”. This is related to cutting some line items which were cut quite a lot by up to 75%. This Presidential Regulation is effective starting January 1, 2021 since President Joko Widodo issued Presidential Regulation Number 33/2020 concerning Regional Unit Price Standards in February 2020. This study aims to find out what the opinions of the members of the regional people's representative council, especially in the Bangka Belitung Islands regarding the implementation of Presidential Regulation 33 of 2020. The sample of this study is 50 council members spread across 2 districts in Belitung using descriptive qualitative approach. Researchers distributed questionnaires and also conducted interviews with respondents to see their perceptions and how their expectations and input were regarding this Presidential Regulation 33/2020. The results of this study indicate that most respondents do not reject the implementation of Presidential Regulation 33/2020. However, revisions must be made in several parts. This is related to an increase in social expenditure as an increase in the economic cost of the community from council members. There is separation between government employees and board members in the implementation of Presidential Regulation 33/2020 because of the differences in the interests of their existence. The implementation of Presidential Regulation 33/2020 should also be adjusted to the capabilities of each region so that it does not generalize the capabilities of the regions. This is contrary to the welfare theory adopted by society where every community is no exception to the members of the council.
Keywords: Covid 33, Presidential Regulation, Board Members, Welfare Theory
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1. Introduction
The uncomfortable news for government officials, DPRD members, and other civil servants in the midst of the corona (covid-19) pandemic with the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 33 of 2020 concerning Regional Unit Price Standards which they call "Covid 33".
This is related to cutting some line items which were cut quite a lot by up to 75%. Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020 regulates the highest limit that must not be exceeded, both in budget planning and budget execution. Prior to the issuance of Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020, regional unit price standards were regulated in Law No. 23 of 2014 and Government Regulation No. 12 of 2019. Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020 was motivated by the absence of a
in the Minister of Finance Regulation. In addition, the number of team members in an activity tends to be large and the honorarium is relatively high at 16-30% compared to the SBM stipulation in the Minister of Finance Regulation. In addition, the most important thing, according to the Ministry of Finance, is that 78% of the transfer funds are used for expenditures that do not directly support regional development. So that some of these things have triggered the emergence of Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020 concerning Regional Unit Price Standards.
However, the funny thing is that in the midst of budget savings due to the Covid-19 epidemic like now, unpleasant news has come from the representatives of the people (DPRD) who have actually received an increase in income. Quoted from jatengprov.go.id regarding the news dated July 21, 2020, that there was an increase in the welfare of members of the Jepara Regency DPRD. This is marked by the approval of the enactment of Regional Regulations (Perda) on Financial and Administrative Rights of DPRD Leaders and Members, which among other things regulates the increase in various allowances for council members. The regional regulation regulates the source of income for the leadership and members of the DPRD, namely in the form of representation money, family allowances and rice allowances. Apart from that, there is also package money, job allowance, fittings allowance, and other fittings allowance.
Therefore, Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020, which will be effective on January 1, 2021, aims to serve as a guideline for local governments in preparing unit price standards in each region which are then used for the preparation of Work Plans and Regional Work Unit Budgets (RKA-SKPD). Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020 is used at the latest for 2021 budget planning. If there is a change in market prices and/or policies, SHSR changes are made by still taking into account the principles of efficiency, effectiveness, appropriateness, reasonableness and accountability.
2. Literature Review
Welfare Economic Theory
The welfare economic theory was first expressed by Pigou (1960), which is a part of social welfare that can be linked directly or indirectly to the measurement of money. The well-being expressed is close to two things (Campbell, 1976; Sumawan dan Tahira, 1993; Milligan et al., 2006) namely subjective well-being and objective well-being. The relationship between economic welfare theory and this research is the level of satisfaction of board members with the income they get, especially regarding the existence of presidential regulation No. 33 of 2020. With the existence of this regulation, council members feel pressured by the budget cuts for several items that form the basis of income for the council members.
Expectancy Theory of Motivation
The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why people choose one behavioral choice over another. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between effort and performance, the results of a favorable performance will result in the desired reward, the reward for performance will satisfy an important need, and/or the result will satisfy their need. to make a worthwhile effort. Expectancy theory has three components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Initial expectations the members to be representatives of the people is their greater income than the political cost that they incur.
Presidential Regulation Number 33 of 2020
With the consideration that in order to implement the provisions of Article 51 paragraph (3) of Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019 concerning Regional Financial Management, it is necessary to stipulate a Presidential Regulation concerning Regional Unit Price Standards.
Based on these considerations, on February 20, 2020, the Central Government issued Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 33 of 2020 concerning Regional Unit Price Standards. The Perpres states that the regional unit price standards include: a. unit fee honorarium; b. unit cost of domestic official travel; c. unit costs for meetings / meetings inside and outside the office; d. unit cost of procurement of official vehicles; and e. maintenance cost unit. The regional unit price standard is used in the planning and implementation of the regional revenue and expenditure budget which serves as the highest limit whose amount cannot be exceeded in the preparation of work plans and regional work unit budgets, references for the preparation of forward forecast projections, as well as materials for calculating the indicative APBD ceiling. Based on article 3 paragraph (2), the principles of efficiency, effectiveness, appropriateness, and fairness based on regional unit price standards need to be considered by the Regional Heads in determining the unit price standard for honoraria, domestic official travel, meetings or meetings inside and outside. offices, procurement of official vehicles, and maintenance. Meanwhile, the provisions regarding the procedure for implementing domestic and foreign official trips for regional governments are regulated by a Ministerial Regulation that administers domestic government affairs after coordinating with the minister who administers governmental affairs in the financial sector.
Research Framework
Figure 1. The Research Framework
Figure 1 explains that in this study, researchers will analyze and examine the implications or impacts of Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020 regarding Regional Unit Price Standards on income and welfare, especially for DPRD members. This Presidential Regulation is effective starting January 1, 2021 since President Joko Widodo issued Presidential Regulation Number 33 of 2020 concerning Regional Unit Price Standards in February 2020. Perpres 33 regulates the highest limit that must not be exceeded, both in budget planning and budget execution.
Research Methodology
Income
Presidential Regulation Number 33 of 2020
Regional Unit Price Standards
Welfare
to the population, but to develop in-depth exploration of the core of the phenomenon. The population used was members of the Belitung and Belitun Timur Regency DPRD, and the sample used was 50 council members by distributing questionnaires related to their perceptions of Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020.
Table 1: Research Sample’s
No Gender Sum %
1 Male 44 88%
2 Female 6 12%
50 100%
Source: data processed, 2021
3. Methodology
This research consists of 10 open-ended question items related to Presidential Regulation No.
33/2020 concerning regional unit price standards set on January 1, 2021. The details of the questions and answers from the respondents are as follows:
Table 2: Questionnaire Items
No Question Answer
Yes No 1 Do you know about Presidential Regulation No. 33 of
2020?
50 0
2 Do you understand the contents of Presidential Regulation No. 33/2020?
38 12
3 Do you think that Presidential Regulation No. 33/2020 is right to be issued during a pandemic like now?
31 19
4 Does Presidential Regulation No. 33 Affect Your Income?
50 0
5 If so, do you think that Presidential Regulation No. 33 is very irrelevant to your duties and functions?
41 9
6 Do you think that the existence of Presidential Regulation No. 33 of 2020 makes you motivated in carrying out their duties and functions?
12 38
7 Are the contents of Presidential Regulation No. 33/2020 contradicting the Expectancy Theory of Motivation or your expectations regarding your income?
44 6
8 Are the contents of Presidential Regulation No. 33/2020 contradicting the theory of welfare or welfare of you?
43 7
Source: data processed, 2021
It can be seen from the answers given by respondents, that most respondents did not agree with the presidential regulation due to several notes. In-depth interviews conducted, it was found that their disagreement was due to differences in the capacities of each region in terms of budget and financing. Most agreed that this presidential regulation should be studied more deeply and also conducted a poll of each regional head in determining regulations not only at the ministerial level. This is intended to compare the capacity of each region in the provision of budgets and resources. The difference in interests and main duties and functions of duties also makes their perception in the equation between government employees and representatives of the people.
4. Conclusion
This research is contrary to the theory of economic welfare, which in this theory explains that there are several things that need to be considered in saying someone is "prosperous".
According to Sugiharto's research (2007) the indicators used by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) to determine the level of welfare are eight, namely income, family consumption or expenditure, housing conditions, housing facilities, health of family members, ease of access to health services, ease of enrolling children. education level, and easy access to transportation facilities. For council members who are directly elected by the people, the political costs they incur are enormous and do not match the costs of government employees. So it is necessary to distinguish the size of the standard amount obtained, especially since council members are not paid monthly like government employees.
Acknowledgment
This research has received support from various parties, especially LPPM Universitas Bangka Belitung which has provided funding assistance through internal research grants. In addition, also thanks to the members of the board who have been willing to take the time to provide their opinions on this research.
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