DIGITAL LIBRARY AS A MEDIA FOR INFORMATION AND EDUCATION ABOUT STRUCTURE OF TRADITION FABRIC
Denik Ristya Rini1*, Ima Kusumawati Hidayat2, Joko Samodra3
1,2,3 Letter Faculty, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected].
Accepted: 1 October 2019 | Published: 15 October 2019
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Abstract: Traditional fabric is one of the Indonesian cultures that must be preserved. The traditional fabric types from Indonesia are batik, weaving, songket and sasirangan. These fabric are produced by several tribes in Indonesia using handmade techniques. Indonesian tradisional fabrics have high philosophical values. The philosophical values lies in the arrangement of motifts on each fabric. Almost every tradition fabrics must have philoshopical meaning. So that many of us meet in tradition ceremonies always have to do with the use of traditional fabrics. In the current generation, understanding traditional fabrics begun to disminish. Traditional fabrics is only understood as clothing needs. Whereas more than that the philosophical meaning of a tradition fabric is very deep. Therefore, information and education media are needed for the younger generation to be more familiar with and know about the philosophical meaning of traditional fabrics in Indonesia.To provide a solution to this problems, the researcher developed a digital library information media as a medium to find information and learn about the structure of traditional fabric motifs. To achive this, the research process is first carried out whit a qualitative approach to collecting data. The process of collecting data is obtained by means of observation, interviews and literature studies of Indonesian traditional fabrics. Then an analysis of traditional motifs was analysed. The data basis for designing digital library traditional fabrics motifs.
Keywords: Digital Library, Media, Education, Traditional Fabrics
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1. Introduction
Traditional fabrics is one of Indonesian culture that has high value. This value is contained in the arrangement of motifs in each traditional fabrics. Motifs from Indonesian traditional fabrics always contain the values of life from an area where the fabrics are made. Life values are displayed in symbols arranged into a fabric motifs. The value of life is among others considered sacral which gives advice, some also suggest advice, guidance, and hope. All of these values are expressed in various patterns or decorative fabrics concerned. Traditional fabrics names are taken ftom traditional words that are full of advice, exsamples of noble behavior, and instructions for us to survive in life.(Djoemena, 2000).
At this time a problem arises, many young generations do not know the motifs meaning of Indonesian traditional fabrics. Most of them consider Indonesian traditional fabrics only as a fashion material that can only be used function. Though more than that Indonesian traditional fabrics is rich in meaning, in line with the opinion of Djoemena (2000:1), various fabrics in Indonesia are not only coverings of nakedness or clothing, but more than that, Indonesian traditional fabrics is associated with various beliefs and accompanies various religious, ritual
and costum ceremonies throughout the human life cycle. Ignorance of Indonesian traditional fabrics motifs occurs due to a lack of information media that contain the structure and meaning of Indonesian traditional fabrics.
Studying about Indonesian traditional fabrics motifs, of course it will be very important to preserve Indonesian culture. With sufficient knowledge of Indonesian traditional fabrics, it will help to understand the philosophical meaning of Indonesian traditional fabrics as a representation of the Indonesian people contained in these fabrics.
Responding to the problem, an innovation is needed that can provide information about Indonesian traditional fabrics, Indonesian traditional fabrics types, the structure of Indonesian traditional fabrics motifs and the meaning of Indonesian traditional fabrics motifs. The website is considered as an alternative medium for conveying information that is quite easy to asccess and relevant to dodays’a technology-based lifestyles.
2. Literature Review
As a first step, a literature review of previous research workhs is relevant to the research conducted by the author. One of the literature review is “ Development of Javanese Learning Literature Through Media Website” by Fakhruddin, Sachari,and Haswanto, which developed a website as medium to study the structures of Javanese Script. The research has similiarities with this research in the form of similiarities in developing a website based information media to preserve a culture. The difference from previous research is the material contained in the information media developed. Previous research contains material about the structure of Javanese Script, while this study contains the structure and meaning of Indonesian traditional Fabrics motifs.
3. Research Methods
This research includes two stages of research, namely stages of research dan design. Stages of research include the process of collecting data to analyzing data. Data collection in this study with literature riview, observations, and interviews with the resource persons. The source person consisted of traditional fabrics crafsmen and traditional fabric collectors. The result of data collection are then analyzed to be used as a references in the design process. The stages of design is to developing digital library website that begin by designing mind mapping and sketching all web pages as information media. Then a visual asset design consisting of asset pages, content of the structure and meaning of Indonesian traditional fabrics motifs.
4. Discussion
a. Indonesian Traditional Fabric
Indonesia is a country that is rich in culture. One of its cultural is traditional fabric.
Indonesian traditional fabrics have various types including batik, weaving, songket and sasirangan. Indonesian Traditional fabrics are produces by hand through various techniques.
According to Annisa (2014,9) traditional fabrics produce from various regions in Indonesia have certain characteristics and different beauty. Besides being used for daily needs, traditional fabrics are used at certain moment, such as wedding ceremonies, birth ceremonies, dead ceremonies, and guest welcoming ceremonies. In
each region almost all have their own traditional fabric.The most well-known Indonesian traditional fabric are batik, woven, songket and sasirangan.
Batik is produced by the technique of applying decorative pattern with hot waxs on a
”mori” which is then colored with a particular process. Woven and songket are made by arranging pakan and lungsi to motifs form using special looms.Sasirangan fabric is made by jelujur technique to the fabric with a thread forming a motif and then dipping the fabric on the dye liquid.
Indonesian traditional fabrics are scattered thoughout from Yogyakarta, Solo, Sidoarjo, Madura, Tuban. Lamongan, Lasem, Banyuwangi etc. Woven fabrics are from Troso, Kerek Tuban, Paciran Lamongan, Maumere, Badui, Flores, Bali, Timor and Maluku regions. Songket fabrics are found in Sumatera and Sulawesi. Sasirangan Fabrics are from South of Kalimantan.
In Every Indonesian Traditional fabric these are decorative pattern that reflect the living philosophy. Decorative pattern are symbolized by flora, fauna and geometric shapes.
1) Batik
Based on the explanation from Jakob Sumarjo(2010,150) batik is a product of
“manusia sawah”, it can be seen of its motifs which are the cosmological symbol from the maker. Batik is an Indonesia traditional fabric whose manufacturing process starts from making a motif design, appliying a motif design to the fabric,
“klowongan”, coloring, and “glorod”.Batik in indonesia is located in several regions, namely : Yogyakarta, Solo, Cirebon, Sidoarjo, Madura, Tulungagung etc.
Batik is classified according to two groups, namely classical batik and pesisiran batik. Classical batik is batik that developed in the palace area, namely Yogyakarta and Solo. Classical batik has motifs with special meanings. The idea of creating classical batik motifs based on meaningfull life philosophies. Classic batik with certain motifs can only be used for the royal family for certain traditional ceremonies. Pesisiran batik is batik that develops outside the palace.
Figure 1. Batik From Tulungagung
The idea of creating pesisiran batik motif originated from the sourrounding environment in the form of fauna and flora.
2) Weaving
Budiyono (2008,421) states that weaving is a technique in making fabrics made with a simple principle, namely by combining yarns extensively and transversely.
In other word, the intersection between the pakan yarns and lungsi yarns.
Knowledge of weaving in Indonesia has been known for several centuries. The development of the weaving motif in Indonesia has had much influence from China, India anda Arabia. Some Indonesian weaving product are weaving from East Nusa Tenggara, Weaving Ulos from Batak, Weaving Gedog from East Java, Weaving from Baduy and Weaving from Bali.
3) Songket
Figure 2. Weaving Fabric
Figure 3. Songket from Palembang
Songket is a woven fabric that is composed of gold and silver yarns that are combined with other colored yarns. The main ingredients of songket weaving are silk, gold yarn, super yarn and other coloring materials. Songket is done traditionally it takes around 15-20 days for a piece of cloth and a shwal.
According to the history of its development, the Indonesian population songket has known since prehistoric times. When cotton plants became known they made them into yarns, weaving traditions, with the method of lungsi bundling had begun. The area producing this woven fabric spreads from Aceh, parts of Sumatera, Bali to East Nusa Tenggara. At that time they recognized one type of yarns, namely cotton yarns wich was given natural ingredients around it.
4) Sasirangan
Sasirangan is a traditional fabric from Banjar tribe in the Banjarmasin area. The word sasirangan is based on the Banjar language, which is “sirang” or
“menyirang” or “jelujur” which menas cloth that is sewn by hand an threaded by the yarn. According to Ganie (2014,6) sasirangan fabric is a typical of the Banjar tribe in South Kalimantan. In the present, the process of making sasirangan fabric has been done in a modern way. The material used to make sasirangan fabric originally from cotton fibre.
b. Digital Library Motif Kain Tradisional Indonesia
Digital Library is a collection of information that is organized and interconnected/
connected where information can be stored, accesed, manipulated and displayed electronically. Information stored can be in the form of text, graphics, animations, videos or combinations. Digital Library is actually not a new concept, but lately it has become a choice for actors in the library world to pursue and display to users.
The concept of Digital lybraries began in 1945 with the Vannenar Bush’s Memex Machine wich provided initial stimulation for computer aplications for information retrival. The concept from large bibliographic databases, online retrieval, and public acces system.
Figure 4. Sasirangan from Banjarmasin
The digital library is designed with a directory format to present all the information elements. The directory formats is tructured, systematically, and is presented in writing and drawing (Petterson, 2002) so users will easily learn about Indonesian traditional fabrics as this digital library content. The design of the digital library is divided into three major content, namely the types of Indonesian traditional fabrics, the structure of the types of Indonesian traditional fabric and thephilosophical meaning of Indonesian traditional fabrics. For the content of the types of Indonesian traditional fabrics displayed in a description of the identity origin of the traditional fabric.
References
Annisa, Y (2014) Lebih Jauh Mengenal Batik Sasirangan. 9-10 Budiyono (2008) Kriya Tekstil Untuk SMK Jilid 3, 421
Djoemena, S. Nian. (2000).Lurik Garis-garis Bertuah.The Magic Stripes. 1
Fakhruddin D, Sachari A., Haswanto N. (2019). Pengembangan Desain Informasi dan Pembelajaran Aksara Jawa Melalui Media Website.Andharupa: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual, 1-23
Ganie, T. N.(2014) Sasirangan Kain Khas Tanah Banjar. 8
Pettersson, R (2002). Information Design : An Introductions. 56-57 Sumardjo, J. (2010) Estetika Paradoks (edisi revisi).150
Figure 5. Digital Library Web Structure
