INTRODUCTION
General Overview of Fisheries Sector in Malaysia
Landings of Shark and Ray
- Landings of Shark and Ray in Malaysia
- Landings of Shark and Ray in Perak and Pahang
- Shark and Ray Biodiversity and Resources in Perak and Pahang
According to Ahmad et al., (2014) at least 63 species of sharks and 82 species of rays have been recorded in Malaysian waters. However, shark and ray landings and trades are not recorded at the species level, but are reported in groups simply as "shark" and "ray". Overall, sharks and rays in Malaysia only contributed less than 2.3% of total marine fish landings.
Overall, Perak and Pahang recorded the highest shark and ray landings in Peninsular Malaysia. In 2016, however, the landing of sharks was reduced to 434 mt while the landing of rays increased slightly to 1,117 mt. Three main districts with the highest recorded shark and ray landings are Hilir Perak, Larut Matang and Manjung Selatan.
Haris Hilmi et al., (2017) in Larut Matang et Manjung Utara memorantur 20 species squalorum e quinque familiis et 33 speciebus radiorum e novem familiis. In Larut Matang, 19 species radiorum e quinque familiis et 14 species squalis e tribus familiis commemorantur, cum in Manjung Utara, 14 species radiorum e quatuor familiis et sex species squalis e tribus familiis referuntur. Et memoriae turpis species sunt Carcharhinus Sorrah, Carcharhinus Sealei, Carcharhinus Brevipinna, Loxodon MacRorhinus, Rhizoprionodon acutus, Sphyrna Lewini, atelomycterus, Chiloscyllium, Chiloscllium, Chiloscllion, Chiloscllion, Chiloscllion: Hemipristis elongata et Hemigaleus microstoma, cum enim Radii Rhynchobatus Australia zonura and Rhinoptera javanica.
To ensure effective conservation and management of shark and ray populations in the face of overfishing and competition for natural resources, countries must be responsible for what they consume, not what they produce. The overall objective of the study is to examine the domestic marketing of shark and ray products in Perak and Pahang. To identify the main actors in the trade of sharks and rays in selected areas of Perak and Pahang; and.
To investigate shark and stingray marketing channels and practices in selected areas in Perak and Pahang. Data on the marketing of shark and ray is collected through "key informant surveys" or KIS and.
Marketing of Shark and Ray in Perak and Pahang
The methods used to answer these objectives were Key Informant Survey (KIS), Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Supply Chain Analysis. KIS is a qualitative in-depth interview with individuals who know what is happening in the community1. In this study, KIS aims to collect information from a wide range of individuals including community leaders, traders, officials, prominent fishermen, village heads who have first-hand knowledge of the fishing community and the market.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS OF SHARK AND RAY MARKETING SUPPLY CHAIN
Marketing of Shark and Ray Products
In general, all other parts of shark and ray are fully utilized such as meat, fins, cartilage, skin, as well as jaws. A small number of shark's jaws are sold as rare souvenirs to enthusiasts in both states. The utilization, price and market destination of shark and ray are almost the same throughout the study period.
This research in Perak and Pahang focused on; identification of key industry participants: fishermen, wholesalers, distributors, agents, processors, exporters, retailers, institutional buyers and consumers; to identify the main landing sites of sharks and rays; to identify the type of products; and to describe the marketing practices and supply chain of sharks and rays. They are: biology and habitat, socio-economic aspects of fishers and brokers, trade, consumption of sharks and rays, capacity building and research coordination, raising awareness through information, conservation and effective management of sharks and rays. Expanded studies are proposed by the Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DOFM) to fill the knowledge gap on domestic use, marketing of sharks and rays in Perak and Pahang respectively for the Peninsula as a representation of market flows for sharks and rays.
This information is indicative of the commodification and commercialization of sharks and rays in Malaysia, the key players, value-added activities, the role of. The study selected landing centers in Perak (including Hilir Perak, Ipoh, Larut Matang, Bagan Panchor, Pantai Remis, Lumut and Pangkor) and in Pahang (including Kuantan, Balok, Beserah, Kuala Pahang, Nenasi and Rompin). On the other hand, for Pahang all districts are included: Kuantan, accounting for 46.3% of the shark and ray landings, Rompin (41.0%) and the rest of Pekan (12.7%).
RESULTS OF SHARK AND RAY MARKETING SUPPLY CHAIN 5.1 Marketing of Shark and Ray products 5.1 Marketing of Shark and Ray products. During our visit, the main product that can be generated from shark and ray is shown in Figure 5.1 for both Perak and Pahang. Furthermore, some parts of shark and ray are used to produce souvenirs in different styles and leftover or discarded parts of the fish such as heads and other internal organs are used to supply fishmeal factory or as bait for fish and crab traps.
Marketing Channels of Shark and Ray
Based on the focus group discussions with key actors in the marketing of sharks and rays in selected areas in Perak and Pahang, the general marketing channels for sharks and rays are shown in Figure 5.2 to Figure 5.4. In this study, researchers identified four fishermen in Bagan Panchor who catch rays exclusively using longlines, trawlers that have high inflows of bycatch sharks, two processors of marine products in Ipoh and several retailers selling dried shark and ray products in Manjung. According to Abdul Haris Hilmi et al., (2017) the highest landings of sharks per species are Chiloscyllium hasseltii, C.
Several main tier one wholesalers operate at each pier in Kuantan, Balok, Beserah, Kuala Pahang, Nenasi, Rompin and Endau-Rompin. Those wholesalers at the first level that have their own fishing vessels will also accept landings from other boats or vessels before sending all the fish to the second level traders. In Kuala Pahang, Nenasi and Rompin, all landed sharks and rays are taken over by two first-tier wholesalers, who will mainly ship the fish to the Kuala Lumpur, Melaka, Johore and Singapore markets.
In Pahang, all shark and ray products are used, including raw meat, salt meat, livers, skin and remaining shark head. The two second-tier wholesalers collected all types of fish, including shark and ray, from a few landing sites for distribution to various markets. It is reported that shark and ray are usually collected from eight first-tier wholesalers in Terengganu (at Besut, Dungun and Kemaman), 11 first-tier wholesalers in Pahang (at Kuantan, Kuala Pahang, Nenasi, Sg. Miang and Rompin), one each. from Tg.
Distribution to retail markets in Melaka, Muar, Kuala Lumpur, Johore Bahru and Singapore depended on demand for specific species and types of shark and ray products. The transport of shark and ray products can be carried out by either logistic transport operators or by other wholesalers themselves using their own transport vehicles. The second level wholesalers in Batu Pahat usually prefer to take unprocessed whole fish.
CONCLUSION
Data collection on sharks and rays by species in Malaysia (August 2015-July 2016), Terminal Report, Marine Fisheries Resources Development and Management Department and Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Centre, ISBN SEAFDEC/MFRDMD/SP/34, 92pp. Field guide to rays, skates and chimeras of the Southeast Asian region SEAFDEC/MFRDMD/SP/25. This study aims to investigate the domestic marketing of sharks and rays in Pahang and Perak as a continuation of a similar study in Sabah.
Data for the study is collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Survey (KIS) at major landing sites in both states. The results of the KIS and FGD surveys have shown that almost all fishermen indicate that sharks and rays are "by-catch", and the landings are considerably small, and its marketing system is considered to operate with a relatively efficient routine. The results reflect that the shark and ray markets in both states are mostly localized depending on the landing (weight and species) and local demand.
The central market for sharks and rays in Pahang is Kuantan where the products are distributed through wholesalers to local markets as well as overseas markets including Melaka, Johore (Batu Pahat and Johore Bahru), Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Out of state markets include those in Butterworth, Bukit Mertajam, Alor Setar, Kuala Lumpur, Johore Bahru, Batu Pahat and Selayang, Selangor and beams are also exported to Singapore. In general, most sharks and rays are consumed locally in fresh form.
Demand for sharks and rays in both states for local consumption is relatively strong. 1/8/2017 Kedai Hasil Laut Saw Wang and Kedai Hasil Laut Lian Lee (Shark and ray . product retailers dry market) Kuantan, Pahang 27. 2/8/2017 Kedai Hasil Laut Sin Kee Hung (Shark and . ray product retailers dry market) Kuantan, Pahang 29.
APPENDIX
- List of Stakeholders and Activities
- FGD Question for Focus Group Discussion on Domestic Marketing of Shark and Ray
- Shark and Ray Landings in Perak, Pahang and Malaysia
- Shark and Ray Utilisation
Bagaimanakah memancing ikan jerung dan pari? soalan akan ditanya secara berasingan untuk jerung dan pari). Adakah terdapat kawasan memancing khas untuk jerung dan pari (dapatkan nama lokasi) dan bagaimana anda tahu lokasi ini. Tempat anda mendapatkan jerung dan pari anda, pasaran tempatan (nelayan di jeti/ejen/peniaga di kawasan lain) dan/atau import.
Jika bermusim, bulan apakah yang dikira sebagai bulan jualan tertinggi/paling rendah untuk produk jerung dan pari. Bolehkah anda menganggarkan kuantiti/kadaran (dalam kuantiti/nilai atau %) membeli bekalan jerung dan pari berbanding bekalan produk lain. Bolehkah anda menganggarkan jumlah/bahagian (dalam kuantiti/nilai atau %) jualan jerung dan pari berbanding dengan penjualan produk lain.
Tahukah anda bahawa sirip jerung di laut (yang melibatkan sirip dan membuang mayat ke dalam laut) adalah dilarang.
