The Role of Emping Melinjo Home Industry in Increasing Family Income in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency
Khaerul Saleh1*
1 Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Accepted: 15 April 2023 | Published: 30 April 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55057/ijaref.2023.5.1.31
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Abstract: Industry home is activity the same effort bigsr culprit is girl. Home industry development specifically chips melinjo, besides supported with resource environment, is also affected by structure existing culture, hence _ activity This done generally only fill in time spare and work part time. research purposes This one of them dalah to find out the contribution of the home industry to family income. Type study This use qualitative approach with the type of field research (field research). Collected data in the form of primary data and secondary data obtained through observation, interview as well as recording and documentation. Data analysis used a qualitative descriptive technique. Objective study are as follows: (1) the characteristics of the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District; (2) knowing the contribution of the emping melinjo home industry to family income. The results showed that the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency was average are of age Adults (36-50 years) with level moderate education (equivalent to elementary school graduation), and length of business relatively low ie not enough from 7 years. The level of family income of home industry actors is generally in the range between Rp. 1,000,000 -Rp 1,500,000. The income contribution of emping melinjo craftsmen is in the range of Rp.
1,600,000-Rp. 2,000,000 in the high category. Height level generated income _ influenced by several factors including is business scale, capital outlay and product marketing system.
Activity marketing done _ craftsman during This Still dominated by roles family, however so is the home industry empyg melinjo is very giving contribution to level income family.
Keywords: Emping melinjo, Home Industry, Family Income
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1. Introduction
agricultural development in Lebak Regency is directed at increasing land use, especially dry land as palawija center areas (maize, peanuts, and biopharmaceutical plants) and have local advantages (drought tolerance, high productivity, and fairly stable product prices, etc.). In addition to horti crops, Lebak Regency is moderate actively developing superior commodities, including bananas, durian, mangosteen and rambutan, potential melinjo also has mark economical high and spread almost in all sub-districts with an even distribution, but it is still not well developed, especially in the form of processed products.
Table 1: Horticultural Potential Areas in Lebak Regency in 2020 Source: Monograph of Lebak Regency Year, 20 21
No Potential Areas in Lebak Regency Potency
1 Warung Gunung, Baros and Gn Kencana sub-districts Melinjo Center
2 District of Maja Sajira and Curug Bitung Banana Center
3 Cihara Malimping and Luwidamar Districts Hair Center
4 Cipanas, Lebakgedong and Bayah Districts Mangosteen center
5 Gunungkencana, Cirinten and Bojongmanik Districts Durian Center
Based on Table 1, where center question Melinjo almost spread throughout the district Lebak, with production more melinjo _increase, possible growth and development of the cottage industry chips melinjo the more good and got sustain economy society. Home Industry Activities (home industry) which ones There is moment This still very simple, with utilise meager resources _ as well as done on a part-time basis, with the capital used so far has also been based on personal funds /own funds, without any assistance from outside parties / institutions banking, even from the government of Lebak Regency.
However, cottage industry development chips melinjo from year year Keep going experience significant growth, in line with support available resources _ like availability material raw materials, market networks as well as, increasingly advanced technology developed and supported with the more increasing skills and knowledge possessed _ craftsmen, (Kim, et.al., 2018; Suharyati & Nobulson, 2019).
However, development Home industry Emping Melinjo still Not yet can made mainstay as Other industries, p This caused due to process production chips following the Melinjo season and harvest period as well as market (consumer) demand. Local Government support and guidance related to the development of home industries in particular chips melinjo, continues to be carried out both in training and business management as well as assistance in the form of tools needed to make Melinjo Chips, for example: Frying Pans, Enrichment, Mashed and stone plinths.
From a number subdistrict in Kabupoaten _ Lebak , Warung Gunung is a district which has amount craftsman chips melinjo the most until it's done as emping melinjo icon in Lebak district , and support with resource material sufficient standard _ tall (the distribution of melinjo stands is quite large) and the emping melinjo home industry has been carried out for a long time , passed down from generation to generation.
The residents of the Warung gunung sub-district are generally have a livelihood in agriculture, and emping melinjo home industry activities are only used as a side business, but in line with its development this home industry provides enough opportunities well even the majority of society believes that Emping Melinjo's home industry is the main source of income in family (Antara & Sumarsih, 2020; Feng et.al., 2011), and become crutch economy for part society as shown in Table 2
Table 2: The development of the home industry in Warung Gunung District for the last five years Source: Warung Gunung District monograph, 20 21
Uasha type 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 20 20
Pandan Weave 18 20 20 25 25 25
Melinjo chips 250 250 256 281 285 281
Sale / Banana chips 18 25 25 50 55 60
Woven bamboo 10 10 12 45 50 50
2. Literature Review
home industry businesses or home industry is an industry/ business that is not in the form of a legal entity and is carried out by individuals or several household members with the majority workforce from in family as well as the most many four people , activity his activity is converting basic materials into finished or semi-finished goods or from goods whose value is less into goods which has value tall with the aim of being sold or exchanged for other goods and there is one family member who bears the risk.
Specifically, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) (2020), classifies home industry businesses be three group namely [a] micro business, [b] small business and [c] medium business. Small and medium enterprises are distinguished based on: (a) based on the number of workers, if the workforce is less than 5 people it is said to be small, while between 5-19 people are said to be medium, (b) based on assets owned, if business assets are below IDR 200 million excluding land and buildings or sales (turnover) under 1 billion rupiah, the rest are medium and large industries.
Azhary (2000) reveals there are several compelling reasons that it is base presence of small industries and households in the system Indonesian economy, among others: [1] Generally small industry and industry home _ are in rural areas and are not own place specifically, so that when it is associated with the fact that agricultural land is decreasing, then small industry and industry houses in rural areas can absorb labor in rural areas. [2]. Small industrial and industrial activities home _ very dependent on raw materials sourced from the nearest environment (local wisdom) so that production costs can be reduced further low. [3] Level relatively low incomes of the people and the prices of small industrial and industrial products relative house _ _ cheap provides opportunities for still survive. [4] Existence demand for the product is growing and generally characteristic handmade so that the amount limited, for example batik, woven, and others.
Small industry and home industry have a subsistence pattern of things This reflected in the relatively high role and use of power Work in families (unpaid family workers), which is close to 95.5% of the entire existing workforce from small industries and industries the house concerned ( Dai et.al., 2012; Liu et.al., 2009)
Shahdan and Husnan (2019) reveal Existence industry small or craft House this ladder (home industry). occupy important and strategic role _ in development, because can give patterns and colors to efforts development agriculture, tourism, and level urbanization as well as increase income public rural so that limping income between public rural and urban can scaled down.
Wahyuni and Nurhadi (2013) explained that production factors related to the emping melinjo industry include [1] capital: amount of initial capital, origin of capital, government assistance in capital, and ownership of business certificates, [2]. raw materials: how to obtain raw materials, origin of raw materials, frequency of use of raw materials, raw material processing systems, raw material costs, [3]. workforce: the number of workers, the origin of the workforce, the education level of the workforce, the age of the workforce, the wage payment system, [4].
marketing: marketing method, marketing area, marketing sales intensity, frequency of product results, storefront ownership, [5] . transportation: means of transportation, ownership of means of transportation, [6] energy source: type of energy source;
Dwi Lidia Yuni Candra Rini (2013) the agricultural sector and the industrial sector are two sectors that have a strong influence on the economy in Indonesia. The development of the agro- industrial sector is a tangent between the agricultural sector and the industrial sector which can strengthen the economic base of the Indonesian people, who are mostly farmers. Indonesia's backwardness in mastering science and technology and agricultural business is an obstacle in agricultural development in Indonesia.
This is due, among other things, to the perishable nature of agricultural commodities, the ability to compete beautifully, the inability to read markets, information networks, limited cooperation and various other reasons, all of which will never be solved by farmers with relatively low levels of human resources (Kharanah and Miss 2020).
Dwi Lidia Yuni Candra Rini (2013) Other aspects that need to be considered in agricultural development include including home industry among them is system marketing. Marketing is one of the subsystems that plays an important and inseparable role in the agribusiness system because the production value obtained is largely determined by market guarantees and product selling prices. Emping melinjo is an interesting commodity to study its marketing system.
Where emping melinjo is one of the agricultural product processing commodities that has high value, both because of the relatively high selling price and as an export commodity that can bring in foreign exchange.
Low fruit productivity melinjo more caused by the system of cultivation that is still traditional and completely depending on nature, the result production low and depending on the season, so continuity production hampered Because raw material requirements No available (Lenzen et.al., 2006). This condition caused the emping entrepreneurs to look deep into their eyes fulfil the need for raw materials to come from outside the district.
Wahyuni and Nurhadi (2013) explain that there are 13 industrial development strategies Housekeeping that can be done for the development of the emping melinjo industrial business, among others [a] Increasing the development of emping melinjo product innovation, [b]
Developing a wider network, [c] Providing product innovation counseling to make it more developed, [d] Improving the quality of the products produced, [e] The government provides counseling about safe tips after consuming emping melinjo, [f] Carry out production on a large scale when the harvest season arrives, [g] The government holds intensive meetings with craftsmen and conducts training in the emping melinjo industrial center areas, [h] Utilizes assistance from the government, [ i ] Increases good promotion print and electronic media, [j]
Equitable distribution of capital assistance, [k] There is a special showroom selling products at both the sub-district and district levels, [l] Improving services, [m] Intensive development of appropriate technology.
Hafni and Rozali (2015) explain that in industry at home there are six elements of weakness of Small and Medium Industries, First. Weak in opportunities and access market; Second. Weak in the capital structure and limitations to obtain access to capital sources; third. Weak in the field of organization and human resource management; Fourth. Internal limitations build cooperative business network between small entrepreneurs (marketing information system);
fifth. Unfavorable business climate due to deadly competition; sixth. The guidance that has been carried out is still not integrated and there is a lack of public trust and concern for small businesses
More carry on Hafni and Rojali (2015) also saw the strength of the cottage industry between other: The first is that the emping products produced by the emping center in Banten Province have the availability of raw materials in quite large quantities. Second that industrial center home have the availability of skilled labor to make chips in large quantities. These skills are passed down from generation to generation (Saleh K, 2017; Panjaitan et.al., 1999).
Wahyuni and Nurhadi (2013) explain that the obstacles are light The emping melinjo industrial craftsmen faced, namely the lack of stability in the supply of raw materials for melinjo seeds, limited capital, marketing that was not smooth, there was an assumption that emping melinjo caused gout, government assistance was not evenly distributed;
3. Research Methods
The type of research used in this research includes survey research using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The population in this study were the emoing melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung Subdistrict, as many as 785 people spread over four villages, namely Warung Gunung Village, Baros Village, Sukaharja Village and Pasir Tangkil Village. Of these, 147 respondents were randomly selected. For the Quantitative Approach itself is research in the form of numbers and analysis using descriptive analysis.
Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire sheet for Emping Melinjo Craftsmen.
documentation and interviews.
4. Results and Discussion
This research was conducted in the Warung Gunung Subdistrict by taking respondents from four villages which included Baros Village, Sukaharja Village, Warung Gunung Village and Pasir Tangkil Village.
Respondent Characteristics
The research results show that characteristics of emping melinjo home industry players based on structure age 5 5.1 percent are in the adult group, (36-50 years) with mean 42.3 years.
Formal education followed by 89.0 percent finished Elementary school. Non-formal education in the form of his participation in activity training or counseling well implemented by the government and NGOs in six-month final involvement only once or (90.3 %) with experience business average less from 7 Years by 47.6 percent. More clear can seen in Table 3
Table 3: Characteristics of Respondents in the emping melinjo home industry in the District Warung Gunung District Lebak
Source: Primary Data Processed, 202 2
Characteristics Category Amount Percentage
(1) Age
Average 42.3 yr.
Very Young (15–24) 0 0.0
Young (25 – 35) 34 23.4
Adult (36 – 50) 81 55.1
Old (<51) 31 21.4
Total 147 100.0
(2) Formal education Average 6.5 yr.
Low (>6) 6 4.1
Moderate (6 - 9) 131 89.0
Height (10 -12) 8 5.5
Very High (<12) 2 1.4
Total 147 100.0
(3) Non-formal Education (Training)
Average 1.1 times
Low (<3) 133 90.3
Moderate (3-5) 14 9.7
Height (6-8) 0 0.0
Very High (>8) 0 0.0
Total 147 100.0
(4) Length of Business Average 11.3 yr
Low (<7) 70 47.6
Moderate (7-11) 27 18.6
Height (12-16) 26 17.9
Very High (>16) 23 15.9
Total 147 100.0
Respondent Status Based on Income
During the research process using the interview method observations were made on the activities of Craftsmen. From the results of these observations obtained some data. From the results of research conducted in several villages, in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency, namely Warung Gunung Village, Baros Village, Sukaharja Village and Pasir Tangkil Village, which are in Warung Gunung District, the income list is presented in Table 3 below: From Table 4, we can see the smallest amount of income earned by the Craftsmen is around Rp.
450,000 - Rp. 500,000 which amounts to 38 people or 44%.
This happens because it is very rare for Emping Melinjo craftsmen who are really good at processing from raw to ready-to-eat and packaged. So they work according to their abilities, it affects the income that will be obtained.
Table 4: Distribution of Respondents based on Income in Warung Gunung Lebak District in 2020 2 Source: Primary Data Processed, 2022
No Income Amount Percentage
1 < IDR 1,000,000 21 14,28
2 Rp. 1,000,000-Rp. 1,500,000 57 38,77
3 Rp. 1,500,001-Rp. 2,000,000 43 29,25
4 Rp. 2,000,001-Rp. 2,500,000 18 12,24
5 > IDR 2,500,000 8 5,44
Total 147 100
Respondent Status Based on Income Contribution
From the results of the relationship between the income contribution of craftsmen regarding the income contribution as shown in Table 5 above, it can be seen that the dominant amount of family income contribution is income contribution with a range of Rp.1.1 million to Rp. 1.5 million as many as 57 respondents or 38.77%. Meanwhile, the smallest/very low-income contribution is in the range of less than one million rupiah, with 8 people or 5.44%. while the income contribution with the category of more than IDR 2,000,000 is classified in the very high category by 5 respondents or 3.4% as shown in table 5.
The level of fluctuation in the contribution of income generated by emping melinjo craftsmen in Warung Gunung Subdistrict, Lebak Regency is caused by several factors as disclosed Daulay, 2015 (in Debataraja and Faturrohman 2018) there is six things towering weaknesses in Small and Medium Industries, namely: First, weak in the ability of small and medium industry human resource actors in various fields. Second, the average human resource for small and medium industries has low education. Third, the inadequacy of production machines and equipment owned by small and medium industrial entrepreneurs. Fourth, small and medium
industrial entrepreneurs in general have not been able to meet market demand, both in terms of quantity and quality. Fifth, low quality and design have not been able to fulfill large orders, fast and timely delivery/distribution. Sixth, weak access to markets and capital.
Table 5: The contribution of the emping home industry melinjo on Family Income Source: Primary Data Processed Year, 2022
No Contribution Amount Percentage
1 Very Low (< 0.5 Mt) 8 5,44
2 Low (0.5 – 1.0 Mt) 41 27.89
3 Moderate (1.1 - 1.5 M) 36 24.5
4 High (1.6 - 2.0 M) 57 38.77
5 Very high (> 2.0 M) 5 3,4
Total 147 100
As a home industry, the emping melinjo industry has several advantages, including; First, that the resulting emping products have the availability of raw materials in quite a lot; Second.
Emping melinjo is a typical product of Banten Province and is spread across three regencies, namely Pandeglang, Lebak and Serang; The third is that the center also has the availability of skilled labor to make a large number of chips (Saleh, K. 2017; Euler et.al., 2017). These skills are passed down from generation to generation.
The amount of income contribution received by craftsmen is strongly influenced by the scale of business, capital outpouring and the product marketing system. The market system chosen by most emping melinjo craftsmen is to use family or friendship networks, especially families who or friends whose domiciles are outside the area, there are several advantages to the family network as a marketing channel, including 1) relatively low marketing costs; 2) unlimited relations; 3) flexibility; 4) acts as an advertiser (Saleh K. et.al 2018; Winarso & Firman , 2002) . More continued Saleh, K. et.al (2018) stated weakness use family network among others; 1) business continuity is not guaranteed; 2) not or difficult to innovate; 3) always feel satisfied with what is obtained; 4) less or weak in market penetration.
The low income received by emping melinjo craftsmen is also due to the fact that home industry players are generally carried out on a part-time basis and as a side job, it can even occur because they carry out their duties alone without other members. Starting from peeling the skin to doing the marketing, he did it himself ( Thoday et.al., 2018)
The influence of the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency, has enormous benefits in supporting the economic level of the community or local residents. There is a significant influence or contribution of emping melinjo home industry activities to the level of family income in Warun Gunung District.
5. Conclusion
Based on the data analysis and description above, the existence of emping melinjo home industry activities in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency, apart from being able to open up employment opportunities, especially for female workers, as well as its existence also contributes positively and significantly to the income earned by Craftsmen as additional family income.
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