This study has been completed with all your support, efforts and contributions. This research paper attached here titled "Impact of Locus of Control and Conformity on Creativity: Gender Difference among Graduate Students in Malaysia" was prepared and submitted by Chin Chun Yuin, Phylicia Lim Hui Tung and Soh Sei Ern in partial fulfillment to. This study also aimed to study the gender difference in LOC, conformity and creativity among Malaysian graduate students.
The Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Mehrabian Conformity Scale and modified version of Self-Rated Creativity Scale were used as the measurement for this study. Results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between LOC and creativity and a significant positive correlation between conformity and creativity. Theoretically, the current study provided the references for future researchers to further explore the study in question.
46 4.3 Pearson's correlation of locus of control and creativity 47 4.4 Multiple linear regression of locus of control and. 50 4.5 Independent sample T-test of locus of control and gender 52 4.6 Independent sample T-test of conformity and gender 53 4.7 Independent sample T-test of creativity and gender 54.
Introduction
Therefore, this study aims to investigate gender differences in locus of control, conformity and creativity. Given the gender difference in the developmental context of locus of control, conformity and creativity show inequality. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the issues of the influence of locus of control and conformity on creativity as well as the gender difference in locus of control, conformity and creativity among Malaysian undergraduate students.
Therefore, it is important to investigate the influence of locus of control on creativity among undergraduates. The locus of control acts as a motivational pattern that causes reinforcement in students' creative thinking. To identify the relationship between locus of control and conformity on creativity among Malaysian undergraduates.
To investigate the gender difference in locus of control, conformity and creativity among Malaysian undergraduate students. Higher score indicates external locus of control while lower score indicates internal locus of control.
Literature Review
Some researchers came up with conflicting findings, showing that the external locus of control scored higher on creativity (Pannells & Claxton, 2008; Richmond & De La Serna, 1980). Previous studies also showed no significant differences in locus of control and creativity (Bolen & Torrance, 1978). This is supported by research showing that the internal locus of control predicts the actual creativity performance of employees (Malik et al., 2014).
Students with internal locus of control will depend on their actions and take over their own decision. In the study proposed by Serin et al. 2010), their results showed that male students have a greater internal locus of control than female students. Siddiquah (2019) as well as Oğuz and Sarıçam (2016) also stated that female students were significantly higher in external locus of control than male students in social aspects.
McPherson and Martin (2016) also stated that females have a higher internal locus of control than males in alcohol addiction treatment. Some studies also showed no significant differences in locus of control between females and males (Ghasemzadeh & Saadat, 2011; Khir et al., 2015).
BP = f(E & RV)
Individuals with an internal or external locus of control will determine who they believe can influence the events around them (Rotter, 1966). Individuals with an internal or external locus of control perceive reinforcement and may increase behavior. Supporting this statement, Rogers (1954) argued that individuals who possess an internal locus of control are capable of producing a variety of creative products.
This study aims to focus on how locus of control and conformity are related to Malaysian undergraduate students' creativity. Individuals with an internal locus of control have greater creativity because they are in control of their lives (Lather et al., 2014). Conceptual framework “locus of control and conformity predict creativity and gender difference on locus of control, conformity and creativity among undergraduate students in Malaysia”.
Gender differences in these three variables of locus of control, conformity, and creativity were also discussed in this chapter. In addition, Rotter's social learning theory was used to explain the relationship between locus of control and creativity, while Bandura's social learning theory was used to explain the relationship between conformity and creativity.
Methodology
To assess perceived control over one's own behavior, we used Rotter's scale of internal and external locus of control (Rotter, 1996). The cutoff point for this scale was 11.5 to distinguish between internal locus of control and external locus of control. A score below 11.5 indicated an internal locus of control, while a score above 11.5 indicated an external locus of control.
A lower score indicates an internal locus of control while a higher score indicates an external locus of control. Participants then proceeded to Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale, Mehrabian Conformity Scale, and Self-Rated Creativity Scale. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (program) was used to calculate reliabilities for the Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale, the Mehrabian Conformity Scale, and the Self-Rated Creativity Scale.
In the pilot study, the Self-Rated Creativity Test reported high reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=.904), followed by Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=.775) and the Mehrabian Conformity Scale with acceptable Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=.680). In the study itself, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for both the Self-Rated Creativity Scale and the Mehrabian Conformity Scale increased (α=.923; α=.761), while the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control decreased (α= . 629). Pilot study and actual study were conducted to find out the reliability of the scale.
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze categorical variables such as gender, while continuous variables such as locus of control, conformity and creativity in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and so on. Apart from that, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between locus of control and creativity as well as conformity and creativity. Multiple linear regression was able to find the predictive relationship between locus of control and conformity on creativity.
Finally, an independent sample t-test was used to test for a significant gender difference in locus of control, conformity, and creativity. In addition, the instruments used to measure the variables in this research were Rotter's internal and external locus of control scale, Mehrabian's conformity scale, and self-rated creativity scale. The reliability of the scales was examined in a pilot and actual study.
Results
Based on Table 4.2, the skewness and kurtosis for the locus of control, conformity, and creativity scales were significantly normal as the value fell between the ±2 value. Pearson's product moment correlation was conducted to analyze the correlation between locus of control and creativity among Malaysian graduate students. For locus of control, the highest score indicates external locus of control while the lowest score indicates internal locus of control.
The result showed that internal locus of control was related to higher creativity, while external locus of control was related to lower creativity. According to Guilford's (1973) rule of thumb, it showed a weak relationship between locus of control and creativity. The VIF indicated that both locus of control and conformity were significant predictors of creativity as the VIF value was below the value.
Multiple linear regression was performed to measure the predictive relationship between locus of control and conformity to creativity among Malaysian students. This indicated that the data was further from the regression line and that only 19% of the variance of creativity was explained by the variance of the locus of control and conformity. Moreover, according to Cohen's effect size (1988), this showed a mean effect size (f 2 = .248). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because the locus of control and conformity do not significantly predict creativity among Malaysian students.
An independent t-test was performed to measure the significant gender difference in locus of control among Malaysian students. In addition, 0 fell within 95%. Confidence interval of difference also indicated that there was no significant gender difference in the locus of control. Thus, the null hypothesis could not be rejected as there was no significant gender difference in locus of control among Malaysian students.
Next, correlational analysis reported that there was a significant negative relationship between locus of control and creativity, while there was a significant positive relationship between conformity and creativity. Multiple linear regression indicated that the model was statistically significant and both locus of control and conformity significantly predicted creativity. Finally, Independent T-Test reported that there was no significant gender difference in locus of control, conformity and creativity.
Discussion
The result of this study indicates that locus of control and conformity significantly predict creativity. Nevertheless, conformity has been found to be a better predictor than locus of control of creativity among Malaysian undergraduates. However, locus of control turns out to be a secondary element that contributes to creativity in relation to.
The current study shows that the internal locus of control has a moderately positive relationship with creativity. The current study examines the impact of locus of control and conformity on creativity among Malaysian students. Gender differences in locus of control and student achievement in the South African context of accounting studies.
Components of creativity in relation to locus of control: A study of students from MySore University, India. An investigation of the relationship between locus of control and creative attitudes in the structure of didactic competence.
