Finally, the researcher hopes that this research could provide a better understanding of the career choice of students in Malaysia. This study aims to identify the variables that could influence students' career choices in Malaysia.
RESEARCH OVERVIEW …
- Research Background
- Problems Statement
- Research Objective
- General Objective
- Specific Objective
- Research Question
- Definition of Terms
- Career
- Career Choice
- Family
- Economic Considerations
- Personal Interest
- Self-Efficacy
- Summary
An additional study conducted in Kenya with 364 respondents showed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and students' career choice (Ogutu, Odera, & Maragia, 2017). Thus, the conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and career choice.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Introduction
According to Keaney (2018), when it comes to job expectations, Generation Y actually rated training and development, employee benefits, and also opportunities for career advancement or advancement highly. Additionally, a study by Johnson and Johnson (as cited in Gong et al., 2018) indicated that many millennials have developed a "work to live" philosophy where they have become more concerned about income, employee benefits, and incentives as a result of watching their parents suffer layoffs despite all the hard work put into their jobs.
Dependent Variable
- Career Choice
Moreover, there are still many factors that can influence an individual's career decision and in this research, the researcher recognizes four factors that can influence the career choice of domestic and foreign students, which are: family influence, economic considerations, personal interest and self-efficacy. In addition, Stumpf (2015) also stated that changes in family structures and globalization have increased difficulties in an individual's career choice. as cited in Yildiz, 2018) stated that "career" can be seen as the sequence of activities and attitudes related to the work roles of individuals throughout their lives, while Braza & Guillo (2015) defined career as the series of events that shape an individual's life.
Independent Variables
- Family Influence
- Economic Considerations
- Personal Interest
- Self-Efficacy
- University Students’ Nationality
Nowadays it can also be said that the market economy strongly influences the students' career choice. It is hypothesized that the students' career choice (VC) will be influenced by the four IVs. Therefore, H1 is rejected and the conclusion is- there is no significant relationship between family influence and career choice.
Thus, the conclusion is that there is no significant relationship between economic considerations and career choice. Based on all the above research, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between personal interest and career choice. Therefore, self-efficacy is considered as one of the factors that has positive effects on the career choice of university students in Malaysia.
A study of the relationship between work value and career choice among hospitality management students in Taiwan.
Career Development Theory
Research Framework
Referring to the results obtained by the researcher from SPSS, it showed that there is no significant relationship between family influence and career choice. Based on the results obtained by the researcher, it was shown that there is no significant connection between economic aspects and the choice of profession. Until then, this shows that personal interest is one of the important factors influencing students' career choices in Malaysia.
A study on the relationship between motivational factors and career choice among undergraduate students in Malaysian private universities. I am conducting a research project entitled "Factors influencing the choice of profession among domestic and foreign university students".
Research Hypotheses
Conclusion
METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Research Design
- Data Collection Method
- Sampling Design
- Population Frame
- Sample and Sampling Technique
- Instruments
- Dependent Variable
- Independent Variables
- Research Measurements
- Pilot Test
- Data Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Inferential Analysis
- Reliability Test
- Conclusion
In this study, the questionnaire used to collect primary data contains 3 sections, where section A is to collect the demographic data of the respondents, section B contains the five career choice items with a 5-point Likert scale. The software used to perform the stated analysis is SPSS Version 25, which can be used to test reliability and hypotheses. Descriptive analysis is a method used to calculate, describe and summarize the basic features of collected data in a logical and organized way (eg describing the relationships between variables in a sample).
It is used to measure central tendency, variability, frequency, etc. by calculating mean, mode, variance and more (Kaliyadan, & Kulkarni, 2019; Vetter, 2017). It used Cronbach Alpha to identify the homogeneity of the items used as measured by the Likert scale. In conclusion, all methods and software used to analyze the collected data have been discussed in this chapter.
The next chapter will be the interpretation of the research results after all the data has been run through SPSS.
DATA ANALYSIS
- Introduction
- Data Screening
- Descriptive Analysis
- Gender
- Age
- Nationality
- University Name
- Year of Study
- Reliability Analysis
- Inferential Analysis
- Multiple Regression Analysis
- Independent T-Test
- Conclusion
Researchers try to narrow the gap between these two groups by controlling the number of respondents in each group respectively, as one of the aims of this study is to examine whether there are differences between local and foreign students in making career choices. Based on the above model summary, it was found that the R-square value is only 0.168, which by then indicates that the model is not as effective and good as there are only 16.8% of the career choice explained by the independent variables (i.e. self-reliance, family influence, economic consideration, personal interest). Table 4.9 showed that the significant p-value of economic consideration for career choice is 0.245, which is greater than 0.05 (p>0.05), therefore reject H2 but accept H0.
From table 4.9, it can be observed that the significant p value of self-efficacy is 0.049. Furthermore, according to the results presented in Table 4.9, personal interest is the most important predictor in measuring career choice as personal interest. Then, a hypothesis is formed to test whether there is a significant difference between domestic and foreign university students in career choice.
This indicates at the time that foreign university students have a more favorable perception of career choice compared to Malaysian university students.
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
Introduction
Summary of Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Reliability Analysis
- Inferential Analysis
Referring to the reliability statistics table, it can be noted that the independent variable Personal Interest has the highest alpha value with 0.799. Since all the variables are above 0.6 and fall in the range between 0.7 and 0.8, their strength of association is considered good and also indicates that the items are consistent and stable. Referring to Table 4.9 under multiple regression analysis, it showed that out of the four independent variables, only two IV (i.e. personal interest and self-efficacy) are significant predictors of career choice.
While Family Influence and Economic Considerations have been identified as non-significant contributors in measuring career choice as their significant p value is greater than 0.05. In addition, personal interest is also identified as the most important predictor in measuring career choice (𝛽= 0.272). In addition, according to the independent t-test, it was found that there is a significant difference between the nationality of university students and career choice as the significant p-value under the t-test for equality of means is 0.011, which is less than 0.05 (p<0.05).
Also, based on the group statistics table (Table 4.11), it was found that foreign university students have a more favorable view of career choice than Malaysian university students.
Discussion of Major Findings
- Conclusion of 1 st hypothesis
- Conclusion of 2 nd hypothesis
- Conclusion of 3 rd hypothesis
- Conclusion of 4 th hypothesis
- Conclusion of 5 th hypothesis
In other words, university students in Malaysia are less likely to be influenced by family regarding their career choice. Sovet and Metz's research (as cited in Murniarti, & Siahaan, 2019) found that this parenting style tends to have less impact on their children's career choice. To summarize, it can be said that economic considerations are not the only factors that influence people's career choice.
The self-efficacy in this study actually refers to the confidence a person possessed in assessing their abilities, interests, identifying the ideal job and making the career choice by their own. In addition, a study with 160 respondents showed that student self-reliance has a significant correlation with career choice (Crisan, & Turda, 2015). In summary, the results obtained for the current study are supported and consistent with previous studies, where self-efficacy has a significant relationship with career choice.
The result was revealed as there is a significant difference, and foreign university students have more favorable perception towards career choice compared to Malaysian university students.
Contribution of Study
Researcher think that because of the financial risks of foreign students are much higher than the local students as they are studying in another country where they are not completely familiar. Therefore, before coming to Malaysia to pursue education, Foreign students took an early step than the local students to build career awareness and consider about the career choices.
Limitations
Overall, the relationship between career choice with family influence, financial considerations, personal interest and self-efficacy has been determined in this research. It has also been found which factors influence the career choice of local and foreign university students in Malaysia. The career development of Vietnamese Americans: Factors in career self-efficacy and traditional career choice.
Factors influencing career choice of library and information science students in Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State. Journal of Technology and Operations Management Factors influencing career choice among undergraduate students at the University of Aden. Effect of family influence, personal interest and economic considerations on career choice among undergraduate students in higher education institutions of Vehari, Pakistan.
Influence of student interest on career choice of first-year university students at public and private universities in Kisii province, Kenya. Maintaining career information for career choice and development among students of engineering colleges in Enugu State, Nigeria. The aim of this research is to investigate the main factors that influence the career choice of local and foreign university students.
Recommendations for Future Research
Conclusions
An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Business Students' Choice of Specialization with Reference to Nizwa College of Technology, Oman. High school seniors' career decision-making self-efficacy, attachment styles, and gender role orientations. Factors influencing career choices among public university undergraduates in Kenya: A case study of Eldoret University.
Career Choice Decisions of Recent Family and Consumer Education Graduates: Recruitment Implications for Addressing the Teacher Shortage. Self-efficacy as a predictor of career decision-making among secondary school students in Busia County, Kenya. Effect of Career Choice on Career and Work Commitment of Librarians in Selected Libraries in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria.
