The purpose of this research is to determine factors that influence students' perceptions of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this research study is to examine students' perceptions of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia.
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Research Background
- Problem Statement
- Research Objective
- General Objective
- Specific Objective
- Research Question
- Hypotheses of the Study
- Significance of the Study
- Chapter Layout
- Chapter Summary
The aim of the study is to examine the factors influencing students' perceptions of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. To investigate whether student self-efficacy can influence students' perceptions of online learning.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Underlying Theories
- Activity Theory
- Learning Theory
- Online Collaborative Learning
- Theory of Diffusion of Innovations
Therefore, this theory mentions students' perception of technical conditions that will affect their acceptance of online learning (Maeda & Ono, 2019). However, compatibility in online learning must be linked to the traditional concept in study outcomes and.
Review of Literature
- Dependent Variable: Student Perception Online Learning
- Independent variable: Self Efficacy
- Independent variable: Technical Conditions
- Independent variable: Student Attitudes
- Independent Variable: Study Method
According to (Kurniawan & Anggraini, 2021), students' perception of online lectures is high and students can cope with online learning during the Covid 19 pandemic. Therefore, students' self-efficacy is essential in online learning because of a new learning environment to adapt to.
Theoretical Model Framework
- Students Attitudes
- Study Method
- Self-Efficacy
- Technical Condition
H4 is online learning attitude significantly influence the students to use online learning willingness to interact with the instructor. H5 is that attitude toward online learning will have a positive influence on students' willingness to use online learning to interact with classmates.
Proposed Conceptual Framework
This research aims to find out the relationship between different types of study behavior and external factors that could influence students' perceptions of online learning. We recognize that these study behaviors and external factors are decisive factors influencing students' perceptions of online learning.
Hypothesis Development
- Relationship between Students’ Attitudes and Student Perception
- Relationship between Student Self-Efficacy and Student Perception
- Relationship between Technical Condition and Stu dent Perception
- Relationship between Study Methods and Student Perception on
From this research (Roberto, Gustavo, Ricardo & Thales, 2020), we can conclude that the study method would affect the learning efficiency and the student's perception of online learning. On the other hand, learning theory can be linked to this relationship, as it focuses on behaviorism, which influences students' attitudes towards online learning. Based on grounded theories, activity theory helps students' self-efficacy and their perspective on online learning.
Next, the theory of diffusion of innovations with the technical conditions positively affects students' self-efficacy on online learning. Online learning therefore does not affect the study outcome and the requirement to work online with peers. Based on diffusion of innovation theory, students' perceptions of the technical conditions will influence their adaptation to online learning.
The study method of online learning based on the theory of online collaborative learning requires more knowledge instead of traditional learning.
Chapter Summary
Students can develop a variety of high-level intellectual skills directly through online collaborative learning, such as critical thinking, analytical thinking, synthesizing and evaluating, which are essential for students' perception of future online learning. (Bates, 2019). According to a study conducted by Graf and Kinshuk (2006), study methods are related to student behavior in online courses and it was found that students using different study methods behave differently. Students prefer online learning because it allows them to communicate with teachers and classmates while also allowing them to attend study materials in the comfort and convenience of their home.
Educational institutions can also review students' study methods before enrolling in e-learning courses to help them determine the potential benefits of the courses. Huang et al. 2012) stated that educational institutions can choose study methods before Students must evaluate the potential benefits of e-learning courses before enrolling.
METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Research Design
- Data Collection Method
- Primary Data
- Secondary Data
- Sampling Design
- Target Population
- Sampling Frame and Sampling Location
- Sampling Elements
- Sampling Technique
- Sampling Size
- Research Instruments
- Questionnaire Design
- Pilot Test
- Construct Measurement (Scale and Operational Definitions)
- Origin of Construct
- Scale of measurement
- Data Processing
- Data Checking
- Data Editing
- Data Coding
- Data Transcribing
- Data Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Reliability Analysis
- Inferential Analysis
- Chapter Summary
Therefore, from Hopkins (2008) research, quantitative research aims to determine in a group an independent variable and a dependent variable or the result of the relationship between variables. Thus, probability sampling refers to a portion of the population selected to find the result. However, non-probability sampling is difficult to estimate the result due to the large population.
For this research, we will use a non-probability sampling technique because the population of the education sector is too large. In the four independent variables, the technical conditions showed the highest value of Cronbach's Alpha, which is 0.765, for the survey methods, the second highest was Cronbach's Alpha, which is 0.726. In our research, we used frequency measures to study the demographic data of the respondents under part A of the questionnaire.
In the analysis, we will analyze the gender, ethnic group, religious group, age, educational level and university of the interviewee.
DATA ANAYLSIS
Introduction
Descriptive Analysis
- Respondent’s Demographic Profile
- Gender
- Ethnic Group
- Religion Group
- Age
- Education Level
- Private Public
- Central Tendencies Measurement of Constructs
- IV: Students Attitudes
- IV: Technical Conditions
- IV: Self-Efficacy
- IV: Study Method
- DV: Student Perception Online Learning
In addition, the standard deviation of the fourth question "I think online learning allows me to gain more knowledge" is 0.61379. In addition, the fifth question "I prefer online learning to continue until I graduate" is the highest standard deviation at 0.68483. In addition, the third question "I prefer to use online learning platforms such as zoom, Microsoft online learning team" standard deviation is 0.78320.
Moreover, the fourth question “I do not have problems trying to cope with online learning” means the highest with 2.3047. Thus, the second question "I feel confident using my university's online learning system" has a standard deviation of 0.61511. Furthermore, the fifth question “Adaptation to technology allows me to adapt online learning faster” standard deviation is the highest with 0.69909.
Finally, "first-time online learner finds it difficult to cope with online learning" standard deviation is 0.67220.
Scale Measurement
Inferential Analysis
- Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
- Student Attitude and Student Perception Online Learning
- Technical Condition and Student Perceptions Online Learning
- Self-efficacy and Student Perceptions Online Learning
- Study Method and Student Perceptions Online Learning
- Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
- Student Attitude and Students Perceptions Online Learning
- Students’ self-efficacy and student perception on online learning 75
According to the table below, there is a positive relationship between students' attitude and students' perception of online learning as the Pearson correlation is 0.433 with a p-value of 0.000 and the p-value was less than the alpha value of 0.05 as shown by the SPSS results . According to SPSS data, there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy and students' perception of online learning with a Pearson correlation of 0.520 and a P-value of 0.000, which is less than the alpha value of 0.05. According to Table 4:18, the correlation coefficient (R-Value) between with DV: Student Perception online Learning and IV, which includes Study Method, Student Attitude, Technical Conditions, Self-efficacy was 0.585.
Therefore, the coefficient of determination (R-squared) which includes the IV: Study Method, Student Attitude, Technical Conditions, Self-Efficacy and DV: Student Perceptions about Online Learning was 0.342 and can be explained 34.2% of the variation in DV was explained by the IV. Accordingly, the IV, consisting of Study Method, Student Attitude, Technical Conditions and Self-Efficacy, was used to illustrate the importance of Student Perceptions of Online Learning. Based on table 4.20, the self-efficacy was the independent variable that provides the highest to the Student Perceptions about Online Learning which the Coefficient beta value is 0.220.
Then, the third highest is the student attitude, which is the 0.142 of the coefficient beta value that can bring to the students' perception about online learning.
Conclusion
Finally, the smallest of the coefficient beta value was the technical conditions providing the 0.132 value.
DISCCUSION, CONCLUSION & IMPLICATION
Introduction
Summary of Statistical Analysis
- Summary of Descriptive Analysis
- Respondents’ Demographic Profile
- Summary of Central Tendencies Measurement
- Summary of Scale Measurement
- Reliability Test
- Summary of Inferential Analysis
- Pearson Correlation Coefficient Analysis
- Multiple Regression Test Analysis
Technical conditions were at the top among the four variables with an average mean of 2.4041 and a maximum standard deviation of 0.75397 as shown in the table below. In addition, with a mean of 2.2277 and a standard deviation of 0.63192, online learning of student perception ranks first. While the only dependent variable is the student's perception of online learning, it has a high level of reliability.
According to the table below, students' perception of online learning is significantly correlated with all independent variables. Further, as their significance levels are less than 0.05 alpha, all independent variables are strongly related to online learning of students' perceptions. The R-squared value of 0.342 indicates that student perceptions of online learning and the independent variables are positive and have modest correlations with the results below.
In contrast, 65.8% are unexplained, implying that other important elements that have not been explored are likely to contribute to students' perceptions of online learning.
Discussions of major findings
- Students’ attitudes and students’ perceptions towards online
- Technical conditions and students’ perception towards online
- Study method and students’ perceptions towards online learning
- Self-efficacy and students’ perceptions towards online learning
- Relationship between students’ attitudes, technical conditions,
Finally, as discussed in the following chapter, students dealing with different online learning platforms can be one of the causes of information overload, leading to increased effort and stress among students (Al-Kumaim et al., 2021). They were able to gain the skills and confidence to handle challenging tasks and problem solving thanks to the online learning environment and the Internet as a resource tool (Sit et al., 2005). In terms of location, online learning gives you more flexibility in terms of study time; you can study anywhere and anytime.
This is because performing medical procedures on campus is challenging, so online learning is a great option during a pandemic like this. Online learning offers students an alternative form of learning that does not require them to attend classes. Next Learning Method Unlike traditional classroom instruction, online learning provided students with a suitable environment for collaborative learning.
Therefore, there is a significant relationship between students' attitudes, technical conditions, study methods and self-efficacy and students' perceptions of online learning.
Implication of The Study
- Managerial Implication
Limitations of The Study
Recommendation
For example, a survey can be done for primary or secondary school students, and the area to expand the survey is not limited to Malaysia. Researchers can use these methods to obtain more multidimensional data, thereby reducing missing data. In addition, researchers can try to increase the way surveys are collected, such as in schools.
Compared to a single method, several methods are performed simultaneously to obtain the desired data faster and more accurately.
Chapter summary
Investigating the impact of transformation to fully online learning during COVID-19 on Malaysian university students. Baber, Hasnan, Determinants of Students' Perceived Learning Outcome and Satisfaction in Online Learning During the Pandemic of COVID-19 (2020). Development and validation of the perception of students towards online learning (POSTOL), Educational Technology & Society Vol.
Student satisfaction and perceived learning in online learning environments: The mediating effect of student engagement. Re-examining the impact of self-determination theory on learning outcomes in the online learning environment. Online learning in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Student perspectives, Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology Volume 2, Number 1, 2020.
FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF) BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS) Student Perception of Online Learning during the Covid 19 Pandemic Dear Respondents,. The aim of us conducting this final year project survey is to determine the student perception of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This survey will help us to understand what factors will cause the students' perception about online learning during pandemic covid 19.
