The Higher Institution Student: Evaluate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) of Using Social Media as a Learning Tool
Bello Aliyu1*, S. B. Goyal1*
1 Faculty of Information Technology, City University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] Accepted: 15 April 2022 | Published: 1 May 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55057/ijarti.2022.4.1.17
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Abstract: The route via which Information or knowledge is being shared and received between lecturers and the pupils has always been regarded as social media. One of the many reasons why universities utilize social network is to promote collaborative learning and social engagement. As a result, this research investigates the mass commonly utilized social network platform by the pupils to share and receive files, documents and even notifications from their teachers or course mates.
According to the findings, 48 percent of the pupils utilize Facebook as a learning aid, the reason why is because it allows the students to share and receive notifications, files, and documents from their teachers. This study has also looked at the most commonly utilised social network site for pupils to form group for homework or class. According to the findings, 50 percent of pupils utilised WhatsApp to create and join groups for homework or class and other educational pursuits. Similarly, this study examines the link among dependent and independent variables, concluding that there is a substantial relationship between the variables based on the findings. In addition, 360 people took part in the survey. The data was analysed utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Finally, the study discovered that dependent and independent variables have a substantial impact on collaborative learning via social network, which could lead to improved educational learning outcomes for students.
Keywords: Social media, Online Education, Learning Tool, Education Technology
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1. Introduction
Nowadays, social media is a widely used medium that has a significant role on our day-to-day lives.
WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Linkedl, WeChat, Telegram, and Skype are just a few examples of social networking sites. Nonetheless, it aids use in a variety of areas of life, including education, business, and politics. The technology acceptance model (TAM) of using social networks as a learning Aid between pupil in universities will be examined in this study.
Furthermore, social network can be defined as an internet service, platform, or location a where people can build social connection and relationships and share files, documents, and information. Social media allows users to communicate their thoughts, feelings, activities, events, and areas of interest with others online. As a result, the purpose of this study is to look into the elements that influence students' use of social networking sites as a learning aid. Furthermore, the study will be conducted utilizing a quantitative manner (Questionnaire). The collected data would be evaluated using an appropriate analytic tool, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
One of our generation's most popular communication tools is social media. Social media, on the other hand, exist on Internet networks where millions of individuals share information/data or have a common interest in a particular discipline, allowing users to share assets such as films, images, share messages, post vlogs, and have real-time dialogues.
2. Literature survey
Social media websites provide a variety of benefits, including the opportunity to connect and communicate with people over the world, the capacity to join a group that is impossible to join in real-life owing to geographical physical limits, the ability to exchange and receive information.
Positive usage of social networks, on the other hand, can be beneficial. Several studies have been conducted to establish social network users' educational institutions, as well as the effectiveness of such tools in the educational process.
According to studies, social networks help people enhance their communication skills, stimulate involvement and social commitment, strengthen peer support, and raise knowledge of education that is focused on collaborative efforts. Furthermore, social networking sites may be used quickly and affordably by students without the need for significant support from universities, allowing them to be integrated into the educational process of the pupils themselves.
2.1 Related research on Social Media platforms
As stated by studies, social media help people enhance their communication skills, stimulate involvement and social commitment, strengthen peer support, and raise knowledge of education that is focused on collaborative efforts. Furthermore, social networking sites may be used quickly and affordably by students without the need for significant support from universities, allowing them to participate into the educational process of the pupils themselves. In this way, the pupils will be able to re-access the learning process through the Internet and continue their studies after they have graduated.
When it comes to social network, which is attain from the social software movement, it is a collection of Internet websites, services, and practises that encourage collaboration and community building, as well as participation and sharing. Social media is defined as "anything that allows people to communicate with one another over the Internet".
Social media, according to Bryer and Zavatarro, are tools that encourage social interaction, make collaboration possible, and allow discourse among various stakeholders to take place. Blogs, wikis, media (music, photo, video, text) sharing tools, social networking platforms (such as Facebook), and virtual worlds are some of the most frequently utilised technology in the world (Bryer & Zavatarro).
In recent years, the usage of social media has gained widespread acceptance around the world.
According to statistics from July 2013, Facebook had reached 850 million users, LinkedIn had more than 100 million members, Twitter had more than 187 million tweets per day, and YouTube had three billion views each day. Despite the widespread usage of social media for personal purposes, only a small proportion of students use it for academic purposes
Most recent findings from “Pew Research Center's Internet and American Life Project (Lenhart et al.
2010) on the utilization of social network in the USA were based on a survey conducted in September 2009 of 2,253 persons (18 and older). According to the data, 72 percent of survey respondents have increased the amount of profiles they maintain on numerous social network site as compared to the previous year, according to the survey. Facebook is presently the most utilized and popular social network between respondents, with 73 percent of people having profiles on the site. MySpace and
LinkedIn are the second and third most popular social networks, with 48 percent and 14 percent of users having profiles on each, respectively. Meanwhile, Twitter is used by 19 percent of poll respondents, while virtual users are the least used social media network, with only 4 percent of respondents utilising it. Another finding of the survey was that 30% of those who answered the question participated in creation of content activities by posting their own content they created such as pictures and recorded videos, 15% participated in remaking contents like songs or photos to demonstrate their artistic abilities, and 11% made blogs to tell and update readers on specific topic or events. Furthermore, the research found that the major 4 main reason why pupils utilise social network tools are as follows: 85 percent of the pupils who took part in the research used the tools for social engagement, and 56 percent used them to speak directly with other participants. Furthermore, 48 percent use them for the quickness with which they receive feedback and outcomes, and finally, 47 percent use them to create relationships with customers. Students, on the other hand, are not showing interest in utilizing social network platforms for educational practise, since less than 10 percent of pupils report that utilizing the tools for that purposes in a recent survey. Browning, Gerlich, and Westermann (2011) conducted a similar study in which they polled 141 undergraduate pupils about their thoughts and believes on social network and the Internet. In a paper and pencil poll, it was discovered that students have strong positive impressions of social network in general, as well as a high level of preparedness to use social network portals to deliver course content. Poellhuber and Anderson (2011) collaborated on a research aimed at explaining the usage of social network and the interest that people have shown in it. Between July 2009 and February 2010, 3,462 students answered a 90-item online questionnaire that was distributed to them via email. Students of diverse ages, which may be divided into five 8-year periods, are among the demographic traits that stand out: a high proportion of females (75.3 percent) and children of various ages. Those between the ages of 16 and 24 constitute Generation Z (37.2 percent), followed by Generations Y (27.2 percent), Generations X2 (36.1 percent), Generation X1, 41-48 (10.5 percent), and Baby Boomers (49 or older) (10.5 percent) (5.3 percent ). In term of users competency, the finding showed that 69.5 percent of those who took part in the survey identified themselves as either advanced or expert users of social media sites.
According to the results of the survey, 52.9 percent of respondents are either advanced or expert users of video sharing and 33.7 percent are experts users of photo sharing apps, respectively. On the other side, 25.4 percent of those who answered the survey demonstrated only mediocre knowledge of blogging tools. When it comes to social bookmarking, virtual worlds, electronic portfolios, tweeting, online conferencing, podcasting, and wikis, the majority of respondents admitted to having a low level of expertise with these applications.
With regards to interest in utilising social network for educational practise, the survey respondents have demonstrated that they show more interest utilizing social network platforms that they are already familiar with than those that they are not. Video sharing was found to be the most fascinating social media platform, with social networking coming in second and online conferencing coming in third.
Following that, 40.2 percent of respondents find blogging interesting, with 36.4 percent finding photo sharing, 33.7 percent finding podcasting, 31.3 percent finding wikis, 28.5 percent finding electronic portfolios, 19.4 percent finding virtual worlds, 18.5 percent finding tweeting, and 18.5 percent finding social bookmarking to be interesting (18.1 percent). Early studies were undertaken to assess whether or not there are digital disparities in terms of access and use. Boyd and Ellison (2007) discovered that pupils of colour were using same social networking sites as white pupils from comfortable circumstances in their ethnographic study on social media platforms. Hargittai (2007) has also demonstrated that race do not have a statistically significant impact on whether or not students utilised social network websites.
Guy (2011) conducted research in the utilization of social network by pupils of colour at various historical black colleges (HBCs), a population that has been underrepresented in the literature until recently. According to the results of the first survey, 261 undergraduate pupils were asked about their individual use of social network platforms. 87% of the population A total of 87 percent of those who took part in the poll stated they were members of either Facebook or MySpace, with only 13 percent claiming to be bloggers on other websites. A question about the frequency with which students engaged in online activities related to social networking was also asked of the students. Following the survey, it was discovered that 53 percent of the pupils reports that utilizing Facebook and MySpace on a daily basis. At 5 percent daily participation, creating blogs was the activity that pupils reported doing the least of. The results of a second, distinct but similar study, which polled 155 pupils at a single HBC, determined the possibility that pupils would go online to actively ingress in the use of social media sites, as well as the likelihood that they would not go online. According to the findings, 5.5 percent are not probable, 7.1 percent are not likely, 11.6 percent are somewhat likely, 23.2 percent are likely, and 42.6 percent are almost certain to go online to utilise social media sites in the near future. A research conducted by the same company found that the vast majority of pupils (68 percent) have a Facebook or MySpace account, that 53 percent access these sites on a daily basis, and that 18 percent use them often.
3. Social Media Sites
To put it simply, social media may be explained as an online place where social interactions and relationships may be established and maintained, and where individuals can send and receive informations from one another. It is possible to communicate one's opinions and sentiments on social media sites as well as participate in activities, events, and sectors of interest that are relevant to one's personal interests. Many social networking sites have sprung up over the last few years, altering the manners in which individuals communicate, interact, collaborate, and put up their best efforts. It is also increasing all the time, the level of participation in social networks included. Using the Internet, people can define themselves in social situations, and they can join social media in order to meet and connect with peers who have a comparable cultural level, a common field of interests, a common background, and mutual friends. An existing group of friends can thus be expanded, and the flow of information becomes easier to accomplish (Jordan, 2012). A variety of reasons motivate people to log onto social media sites. As a result of this circumstance, thousands or even millions of people who don’t even know each other's private lives become aware of and exchange information about them.
Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking sites have grown in importance as a tool for exchanging information, learning new things, and finding new connections. Apart from that, social network environments provide the ability to develop personal statements, locate interest groups, promote cooperation, as well as share and give information. People can transmit videos, photos, and other types of content to one another with a few mouse clicks (Morgan, J. & VanLengen, C. 2005).
Institution of higher learning Students are enthralled by social network. For the purposes of this research, social network was described as Facebook, YouTube, blogs, Twitter, MySpace, or LinkedIn (Martin, 2008). Whereas this research examines social network usage amongst university pupils and emphasizes that such use can have both positive and negative implications, a June 2010 Nielsen Media study research revealed that over 25% of students' Internet time is currently devoted on social media sites (Jacobsen, & Forste, 2011). Among college pupils, Facebook is the most popular social media site, followed by YouTube and Twitter. Additionally, Facebook thinks it has 400 million users at the moment, with 50% of those individuals logging in daily. Additionally, pupils spend approximately one hundred minutes every day on Facebook, according to a poll conducted by Online PhD Student. In 2007, 92% of college pupils had a Facebook account. By 2008, 95% of pupils had a Facebook profile. That is a sizable amount in light of the service's recent public launch in 2006.
Based on Perlman and Miller (2012), social sharing networks, which require users to disclose every element of their lives with the entire world, help to alleviate feelings of embarrassment and guilt.
Despite this, it is at the heart of numerous scientific assertions, ranging from health concerns to the loss of future employment chances to the transformation of users into "monsters" as an outcome of deepening of envy and narcissism. Social networking platforms have, after all, become an inevitability in contemporary human existence. In the opinion of researchers, social networks help people develop their communication skills, increase involvement and social commitment, strengthen peers support, and ensure the fulfilment of a collaborative education. Furthermore, social media platforms may be used readily and affordably by students without the need for significant support from colleges, allowing them to be integrated into the educational process. Following graduation from the institute, pupils will be able to use the learning tools available online again and to continue with their study at another institution (Gulbahar, Kalelioglu, & Madran, 2013).
3.1 Type of Social Media Platforms
Short message service(SMS) are everywhere, but are also consistently evolving, so we will focus on few different kinds of social medias for the sake of this discussion: tools that allow students to interact in textual discourse (like Facebook, LinkedIn, or Twitter), and others that rely on an oral dialogue primarily (e.g Video Messaging or voice Thread Pinterest, whats app or Snapchat).
3.1.1 Twitter
Twitter enables it users to share and receive short messages, known as "tweets," to others about what they are currently doing or share links to useful information with others. The ability to "follow"
selected people' tweets, as well as the ability to retweet or repost someone else's tweet, is available to users. According to Ezumah (2013), its an online version of text-message that has the possibility of simultaneously conveying identical message to hundreds of thousands of users.
3.1.2 Linkedln
Linkedin is a social networking site for professionals who are interested in building their professional networks. Each user creates a profile, which is similarly to a resume, and then links to other people who they are acquainted with. LinkedIn, which was founded in the year 2003, is among the most established social networking sites. This specific platform, on the other hand, is a very recent invention for newer generations.
The social network site Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are being integrated in the social media sector by a whole new set of competitors that are quite different from the rest. Snapchat, Instagram, Pinterest, and YouTube, among other social media sites, have emerged as the new outlets for the generation of today's college students' expression.
3.1.3 SnapChat
Snap chat is a messaging programme available for Apple phones, iPads, and Android smartphones. It enables users to share images to other subscribers that will expire in just 1-10 seconds if they do not act quickly.
Snapchat has an estimated daily active user base of 100 million people, with around 70% of those users being female (Smith, 2015). Wagner (2014) discovered that over 77 percent of college pupils utilize Snapchat at the very minimum once per day, according to her research. Snapchat was most frequently used for creative purposes (73 percent), followed by keeping in touch (72 percent) (27 percent). A quarter of the college pupils respondents (23 percent) stated that Snapchat is more convenient to utilize than texting in their responses.
3.1.4 Instagram
Photo and video-sharing software Instagram enables users to shoot and submit photographs as well as movies to a variety of social media websites. In fact, it is owned by the social network platform Facebook.
3.1.5 Pinterest
Pinterest is a personalised media network that enables registered users to "pin" and organise media information into collections called pinboards. Users can create their own pinboards by pinning images, videos, and other content.
Users can also browse through the material of people who have shared their feed with them.
3.1.6 YouTube
YouTube is a platform based on video-sharing which enables it users to upload and share video. It is owned by the search engine giant Google. Users who are not registered can also view videos but cannot upload, while users who are registered to YouTube can upload their own contents.
4. Problem Statement
4.1 To measure the effectiveness of social media in classroom
Although usage of technology, social network platform importance over time, lecturers have been wary of bringing smart phones to classroom for fear it being distracting kids. As a result, numerous institutions have included a policy prohibiting the of cell phones in class to their rules and
regulations. In most cases, this has been ineffectual, as the pupils continue to carry their mobile devices class despite the no-mobile phone restriction, and a lot even find more alternatives to access social media platforms despite school authorities’ safeguards[9], a lot of studies have found 40 percent of students online during classes, using social media platforms instead of focusing on their classes and this lowers the student's performances in lectures, exams, or even in the workplace.
4.2 To list out technical parameters to adopt the social media in classrooms
Because social platforms have been abused by people throughout time, efficient use and maintenance of social media demand high-level technical knowledge. The youth are the ones who utilize social media most nowadays. However, the majority of youth generation college or university students, and spend most of their time online with their cell phones, accessing social media. As social media has grown, it has become more prevalent in all aspects of our everyday lives, including in education and economy-wide activity. Next, the most frequent users of the social network are generally higher institutions or secondary schools’ pupils; for example, the overuse of social network platforms in higher institutions/secondary schools resulted in a significant drop in student performances both academically ethically, ruining the school's image. Furthermore, the of social networks for good reasons such as contact between lecturer’s class members, sharing documents (assignments, group works), rescheduling, or cancelling classes has been investigated between higher education pupils.
5. Research Objectives
RO1: To detect the pattern of utilization of social media platform in their study.
RO2: To assess the potential impact of making use of social networks as a learning aid between pupils at universities.
RO3: To determine the factors that have an impact on institution students’ usage of social networks as a learning aid
5.1 Research Questions
To solve the problems proposed in the background, this study proposes the following 3 RQ:
RQ1: How often do students in higher education utilize social platforms for educational use?
RQ2: What are the potential influence of using social network as a learning aid between students at universities?
RQ3: What variables influence students’ usage of social media as a learning tool in higher education institution?
6. Methodology
Step 1: A quantitative method will be used to collect data for this study (Questionnaire). Following for the collection of data, the results will be examined using a suitable analytic tool, such as the (SPSS).
Step 2: A Questionnaire will also be used to collect data for this phase.
Step 3: To collect data for this a questionnaire will be used to examine.
6.1 Research Methodology Framework
Figure 1: Research Methodology Framework
7. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
The technology acceptance model (TAM) is known as an information systems theory that models how the users come to accept and use a technology, therefore The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is the model (Prakash et al 2007; Prakash et al 2008) that would be utilized as a proposed model in this study. The objective of this study is to determine whether or not students in higher education will accept the usage of social media platforms as a learning tool. It is believed that perceived usefulness and perceived simplicity of use are important factors in technology adoption.
Other factors include social media, student satisfaction, and learning success. The TAM model, Evaluate the technology acceptance
model (TAM) of using social network as a learning tool among the higher
Use of social network as a learning Aid
Research Problem Research Objective
Research Question
Questionnaire Design Data Collection And Analysis
Result
proposed by, is the theoretical model of choice for the majority of the research in this topic Therefore, the research model is typically below:
8. Research Hypothesis
H1: There is a strong correlation between social media use and perceived usefulness.
H2: Social media use has a direct correlation to how easy people think it is to utilize the platform.
H3: There is a strong link between students' contentment and their use of social media.
H4: A strong link exists between student happiness and academic achievement, according to research.
9. Gantt Chart
The Gantt chart's goal in this study is to represent the research workflow and the length of time each step requires for the full project. The first step in the research process is to create an introduction that includes the problem description and study objectives. As shown in the table below, the review of relevant studies includes data collection, data analysis, findings, research recommendations, and research conclusion.
Figure 2: Gantt Chart
9 11 13
Stage
Introduction of the research topic Collect data using primary data method Data collection
Discussion of the research findings
Forward the dissertation draft to the…
10. Expected Impact
Students can perform a well-known task in a novel way thanks to social media. As a result of this platform, students can directly and publicly evaluate their campus environment and the policies of their school in real-time as well as their teachers, professors, and administration. It is almost impossible to perceive how fast social media is moving through our campuses, bearing with it a heavy burden of social injustice and convoluted legal precedents developed through the decades of student expression.
11. Expected Result
The predicted result of this study will profit both pupils institution administrators by demonstrating the extent to which pupils use social network platforms. This will assist them in determining to keep students' interest when using social media platforms. As a result, educational counsel who provides professional guidance to the university's management on how they are going to restrict social networks between pupils could use findings.
12. Future Work
The primary objective is to investigate the learning experiences of students while they are a part of a social network. It is hoped that the field surveys that will be filled out by students and professors, that will help to better understand how people perceive social networks and how they may be used to help them study. Further investigation should be done to see if university-level learning outcomes can be predicted using data gleaned from social media. The impact of social networking media on specified disciplines, including technology degrees (information systems and technology management), as well as disciplines within a business college, might be replicated by simply analyzing both the course grade and the pupil's GPA, as in this study.
13. Conclusion
The problem statements have been developed, mentioned above, and these create objectives difficulties. The scope of the project is clearly defined communicated. The research would of major importance to pupils and research on the usage of social media at a college education, every precaution must be made maintain data integrity evade false outcomes.
According to the material reviewed, social media has a lot of potential for academics. According to students' point of view in this review, they have a wide range of views and experiences with social media. According to a number of studies, students were eager to include social media into their education.
Discussion of digital divide challenges and social media opportunities is part of the current review's tradition. There is a very small difference in the level of access and use of social media between students of colour and white students, according to several research. It's still important to consider who has access to and utilizes new media technologies if we want to use social media effectively in the classroom. It has been found that faculty and instructional designers have been effective using social media technology in the traditional classroom environment to facilitate different types of academic activities such as collaboration and inquiry. Distance learning students' replies show how blogging, document sharing, networking, tweeting, and social bookmarking on social media have improved collaboration and communication.
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