I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Omar Hamdan Mohammad Alkharabsheh for providing his guidance, comments and suggestions during the course of the research project. In addition, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Mrs. Fitriya binti Abdul Rahim, the coordinator of the research project. He provided me with great support and motivation in the process of completing this research project.
This research project is carried out as a fulfillment of the requirement for attending the Bachelor in International Business (HONS) course.
RESEARCH OVERVIEW
- Introduction
- Overview of the chapter
- Research Background
- Industries
- Industrial Training
- Problem Statement
- Research Questions
- Research Objectives
- Research Significance
- Definitions of Terms
- Trainee Satisfaction
- Supervision
- Compensations and benefits
- Job Characteristics
- Personal Growth
In addition, research has been carried out into the factors that influence the satisfaction of trainees, with the aim of improving the problem of high unemployment in Malaysia. Do the compensation and benefits and the satisfaction of interns during internship at organizations in Malaysia have a relationship? Do the job characteristics and intern satisfaction during internship at organizations in Malaysia have a relationship?
To explore the relationship between supervision and trainee satisfaction during internship in organizations in Malaysia.
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Chapter Overview
- Theory of Motivator-Hygiene
- Trainee Satisfaction
- Supervision
- Compensations and benefits
- Job Characteristics
- Personal growth
- Research Framework
- Conceptual Framework
- Hypothesis Development
- Supervision
- Compensations and Benefits
- Job Characteristics
- Personal Growth
- Conclusion
He further explained that the intern satisfaction study helps to better align the needs of companies and interns. The study found that there is a positive relationship between job dimensions and internship satisfaction, as well as trainees' intrinsic motivation during internship. The study highlighted that there is a significant relationship between all categories of compensation and benefits and employee performance.
The study of job characteristics includes task importance, autonomy, skill variety, task identity, and feedback. Through personal growth initiative, the study showed that learning goal orientation strengthens psychological empowerment. The study of social relations between each party brings different effects on the satisfaction of the trainee.
Referring to Mendelsohn's (2020) study, there is a positive relationship between personal income and job satisfaction of medical trainees in Australia. Furthermore, based on the study of Gault, Redington, Schlager (2000), interns' satisfaction is higher when they receive higher wages. According to D'abate, Youndt, and Wenzel's (2009) study, job characteristics that include feedback and task importance have a positive relationship with intern satisfaction during internship.
The result of the study revealed that job characteristics have a positive relationship with intern satisfaction. The internship achievement in this study covers the study of professional development and personal growth during the internship.
METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Research Design
- Data Collection Method
- Primary Data
- Secondary Data
- Sampling Design
- Target Population
- Sampling Techniques
- Sample Size
- Research Instrument
- Pilot Test
- Construct Measurement
- Scale Measurement
- Data Analysis Method
- Quantitative Research
- Descriptive Analysis
- Reliability Analysis
- Correlation Analysis
- Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
- Conclusion
According to Thomas (2013), the collection methods of primary data must be associated with the objectives, the research strategy, as well as the research questions to ensure the accuracy of the data. According to Schindler (2019), target populations can be individuals, organizations, events, objects, texts and environments that have the information about the variables of the research. This research aims to investigate trainees in Malaysia in order to raise the awareness of organizations in Malaysia about the importance of the potential talents for Malaysia.
The definition of pilot test is the pretest of instruments of data collected from a sample (Schindler, 2019). In addition, a pilot test is defined by Bougie and Sekaran (2020) as the process of taking a small number of target respondents to measure the appropriateness and scope of the survey questions. This is to ensure the accuracy of the data and the reliability of the instruments.
Researchers typically apply Cronbach's alpha to measure a questionnaire consisting of Liker scale questions to indicate the reliability of the scale. Based on Bougie and Sekaran (2020), a Pearson Correlation matrix is used to identify the significance and direction of the relationships of the variables at the interval scale level. It further explained that the correlation analysis indicates the relationship between two variables by measuring the variations of one variable against another variable that varies.
In this chapter, research design, method of data collection which includes primary and secondary data, sample design along with target population and sample size collected, sampling techniques, research instrument which consists of designing questionnaires and pilot test, measuring the construct. , and data analysis methods were discussed. Data analysis methods explained the research questionnaire, descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were included.
DATA AND ANALYSIS
- Introduction
- Sample of Collected Data
- Descriptive Analysis
- Frequency Distribution
- Mean and Standard Deviation
- Reliability Analysis
- Correlation
- Multiple Linear Regression
- Model Summary
- ANOVA
- Coefficients
- Conclusion
The lowest mean score is 3.86 with 36.1% of respondents agreeing to the statement "The benefits I received are as good as most other organizations offer." This explains that trainee satisfaction will decrease by 0.104 for each unit increase in supervision. The p-value is greater than 0.05, which means that there is a negative relationship with trainee satisfaction.
This explains that intern satisfaction will increase by 0.187 for each unit increase in compensation and benefits. The p-value is below 0.05, indicating that there is a significant relationship between intern satisfaction and compensation and benefits. A p-value of 0.000 which is below 0.05 supports H3 where trainee satisfaction and job characteristics are positively related.
This explains that trainee satisfaction will increase by 0.324 for the increase of each unit of personal growth. H1 There is a negative relationship between supervision and intern satisfaction during internship in organizations in Malaysia. H2 There is a significant relationship between compensations and benefits and intern satisfaction during internship in organizations in Malaysia.
H3 There is a significant relationship between job characteristics and intern satisfaction during internship in Malaysian organizations. H4 There is a significant relationship between personal growth and intern satisfaction during internship in Malaysian organizations.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Introduction
Discussions of Major Findings
- The relationship between supervision and trainee satisfaction during
- The relationship between compensations and benefits and trainee
- The relationship between personal growth and trainee satisfaction during
Based on the result of the multiple regression analysis, it appears that rewards and benefits have a positive relationship with the satisfaction of trainees. The result shows that the compensations and benefits obtained a p-value of less than 0.05 and a beta of 0.187. This finding is supported by research on internships at accounting firms, which showed a positive relationship between compensation and benefits and intern satisfaction during the internship (Ahmad, 2020).
Furthermore, the research studied by Gault, Redington and Schlager (2000) also supports this research's finding that compensation and benefits and overall intern satisfaction during the internship have a significant relationship. Job characteristics and intern satisfaction have a positive relationship based on the data analysis result. The result of multiple linear regression analysis shows that job characteristics have less than p-value of 0.05 and Beta of 0.382 which means that there is a positive relationship between the independent variable, job.
Paulins (2008) who studied trainee satisfaction in the retail industry also found that job characteristics and trainee satisfaction have a significant relationship. The finding in the previous chapter shows that there is a positive relationship between personal growth and trainee satisfaction. This shows that personal growth as an independent variable has a positive relationship with trainee satisfaction.
This finding is similar to the study by Karabulutlu, Turan and Oruc (2020), as they found that personal growth has a significant impact on trainees' satisfaction. In addition, the research finding explained that personal growth has a positive effect on the satisfaction of interns, as they feel satisfied when they have developed knowledge and interest based on knowledge during the internship (Kukreti & Dani, 2020).
Implications of the Study
The high level of variety of the task assigned to the trainee will contribute to their satisfaction as it provides them with opportunities to learn more. The result of multiple linear regression analysis stated that personal growth has obtained p-value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 and Beta of 0.324. Job characteristics have the highest coefficient value indicating that the trainee's satisfaction was more influenced by job characteristics.
In addition, personal growth is also one of the important influencers of intern satisfaction. Therefore, organizations should provide training programs to train the trainee's personal skills such as cognitive and communication skills as this helps them grow and be more professional. By doing so, the intern's satisfaction will be positively affected and their retention towards the organizations may be higher.
Moving on to the next implication, compensation and benefits also have a significant impact on intern satisfaction. This is because many organizations assign an intern the same workload as permanent staff, and some even more, but they were just underpaid. Based on Rodzi (2021), the total number of 1.1 million migrant workers was one of the reasons that contributed to the shortage of skilled workers in Malaysia.
This study helps organizations and government to discover the important factors that can be used to improve trainees' satisfaction during their internship. By taking special preventive actions, the government and organizations will be able to increase the satisfaction of the interns and provide a good work experience at the local level.
Limitations of the Study
Therefore, it is important to regulate the minimum amount of compensation for trainees to improve the satisfaction of trainees. Thus, by increasing the satisfaction of the young generations during their internships with organizations in Malaysia, the shortage of skilled labor will decrease as they may choose to work in local organizations rather than working abroad after graduation. In addition, another limitation is that the four influencers are insufficient.
Based on the result, there is only 61% of the variance in trainee satisfaction can be explained by these 4 variables, which means that 39% of the satisfaction during the internship was not being tested in this research.
Recommendations for Future Research
Conclusion
Retrieved November 13, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/to-pay-or-not-to-pay-thats-the-internship-question-107544. A study on the influence of internship satisfaction on employment intention-personality traits as moderator variables. The determinants of student satisfaction with internship programs in the hospitality industry: A case study in the USA.
Retrieved November 9, 2021, from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/starting-new-job/how-to-quit-internship. Retrieved April 1, 2022, from https://www.jobstreet.com.my/en/cms/employer/study-finds-shortage- skilled-employees/. The relationship between work environment and internship satisfaction level: A case study of a 4-star hotel restaurant in Germany.
Retrieved November 9, 2021, from https://www.hrexchangenetwork.com/hr-talent-acquisition/articles/the-value-of-internships-for-hr-during-covid-19. Retrieved April 1, 2022, from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-faces-manpower-shortage-in-critical-sectors-amid-high-unemployment. Internship satisfaction among hospitality students and influence of internship on professional development and industrial perception.
Retrieved November 9, 2021, from https://www2.staffingindustry.com/row/Editorial/Daily-News/Malaysia-Number-of-unemployed-graduates-rose-to-4.4-in-2020-58531. If you have any questions about this questionnaire, please contact me by email ([email protected]).
