Miri Formation (Hospital Road Outcrop)

Scale & Characteristics of Heterogeneity in Sandstone Reservoir- Miri Formation (Hospital Road Outcrop)

by

Nurul Nadhira binti Idris

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Petroleum Engineering)

JANUARY 2011

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750 Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan

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CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

Scale & Characteristics of Heterogeneity in Sandstone Reservoir- Miri Formation (Hospital Road Outcrop)

Approved by,

by

Nurul Nadhlra bt Tdrls

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Petroleum Engineering)

JANUARY 2011

(AP Dr. Abdul Hadi Abdul Rahman)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK

JANUARY 2011

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CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.

NURUL NADHIRA BINTI IDRIS

ABSTRACT ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii

1. INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1. Project Background ... ¹

1.2. Problem Statement. ... 2

1.3. Objectives ... 2

1.4. Relevancy and Feasibility ofthe Project ... 3

1.5. Scope ofWork ... 3

1.6. Study Area ... 4

Figure 1.1: Location of Miri on Malaysia map . ... 4

1.7. Structure ofDissertation ... 5

2. LITERATURE VIEW ... 6

2.1. Reservoir Characterization ... 6

Figure ^2.1: Porosity in a rock Turquoise body shows grain while the orange figure shows pore space of the rock ... 7

Figure 2.2: Permeability in a rock. Brown body shows grain while the green figure shows pore space of the rock. The connected pore space provides permeabillty to a rock ... 7

2.2. Reservoir Heterogeneities ... 8

Figure 2.3: Grain sorting and porosity relationship . ... 10

Figure 2.4: Grain angularity and porosity relationship . ... 10

2.3. Definition of Scales ... 11

Figure 2.5: Di.f:forent scales in a field ... 13

2.4. Effect of Scales ... 14

Table 1..1: Scales of Reservoir Heterogeneities ... 14

2.5. Effeet on Reservoir Performance ... 15

3. MEmODOLOGY ... 17

3.1. Introduction ... 17

3.2. Project Flow ... 17

Figure 3.1: Project flow from the beginning of literature review phase until documentation of the result ... 17

3.3. Gantt Chart ... 18

Table 3.1: Gantt Chart for the whole project ... 18

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3.4. Research Methodology ... 19

3.5. Equipment ... 21

Figure 3.2: The Pascal240 Porosimeter ... 22

Figure 3.3: The Endecott's EFL 2000 Series Sieve Shaker ... 22

4. RESULT ... 23

4.1. Field Study ... 23

Figure 4.1: Photograph shows part of the Miri Hospital Road Outcrop. The view shows about I Om of the whole length. ... 24

Figure 4.2: Facies Identification and Sedimentological Logging of Hospital Road Outcrop, Miri .... 25

Table 4.2: Table shows the lateral continuity in every layer . ... 28

4.2. Laboratory Analyses ... , ... 29

Figure 4.3: Grain Size Distribution Diagram for Layer A ... 30

Figure 4.4: Grain Size Distribution Diagram for Layer B ... 31

Figure 4.5: Grain Size Distribution Diagram for Layer C ... 32

Figure 4.6: Grain Size Distribution Diagram for Layer D ... 33

Figure 4.8: Grain Size Distribution Diagram for Layer F ... 35

Table 4.3: Porosity and permeability result in Layer B & D ... 36

5. DISCUSSION ... 37

5.1. Facies Description ... 37

Table 5.1: Summary of all facies ' descriptions .... 38

5.2. Sandstone Layers ... 39

Figure 5.1: Grain size classification ... 40

5.3. Heterogeneities in Different Scales ... 44

5.4. Error and Uncertainties ... 46

5.5. Recommendation ... 4 7 6. CONCLUSION ... 48

7. REFERENCES ... 49

8. APPENDIX ... 51

8.1. Sample of Result Sheet ... 51

8.2. Raw data of sample sieving ... 51

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ABSTRACT

This project is about a study of sedimentological and certain petrophysical properties of Miri Formation specifically at Miri Hospital Road Outcrop. The objective of this study is to characterize and quantify the reservoir heterogeneities. The objective can be achieved by identiiying and analyzing facies characteristics, certain petrophysical properties (porosity & permeability), and certain grain characteristics (size distribution

& sorting). The outcrop thickness ranges between 9.8 to lim and it comprises of seven

(7) layers. Among all those layers, five (5) of them are sandstone layers while the other two (2) are shale layers. The best sandstone reservoir lies in Facies F which has largest layer thickness (1.84- 2.40 m), less permeability barriers and it has good grain sorting.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my utmost gratitude to the individuals who have taken the time and effort to assist me in completing this project.

Without the cooperation of these individuals, I would undoubtedly have faced complications throughout the course.

First and foremost my utmost gratitude to my supervisor, AP Dr. Abdul Hadi b.

Abdul Rahman, for his invaluable support, encouragement, supervision and useful suggestions throughout this research work. His moral support and continuous guidance enabled me to complete my work successfully.

Not to forget, to the Geoscience & Petroleum Engineering Department Final Year Project Coordinator,

Dr.

Sonny Irawan and Ms Mazuin Jasamai for providing me with all the initial information required to begin this project.

To friends which have continuously assisted me throughout the project especially during field trip. To parents and friends, thank you for the moral supports. Last but not least, to all individuals who have helped me in any way, but whose name is not mentioned here, I would like to thanks to all of you.

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