MOBILE APPLICATION FOR GREEN GROCERY SHOPPING
WONG HA LUEN
Bachelor of Computer Science with Honors (Computational Science)
2020
MOBILE APPLICATION FOR GREEN GROCERY SHOPPING
WONG HA LUEN
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Computer Science with Honors (Computational Science)
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
2020
i
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project is my original work. I have not copied from others student’s work or from any other sources except where due reference or acknowledgement is not made explicitly in the text, nor has any part had been written for me by another person.
Signed,
………..
(WONG HA LUEN)
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology 1 5th AUGUST 2020 University Malaysia Sarawak.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Miss Ling Yeong Tyng, for directing and supporting me throughout the entire Final Year Project. I was inspired to complete the mobile application for my Final Year Project by the encouragement and guidance of Miss Ling Yeong Tyng, owing to her readiness in providing helpful advices and unceasing suggestions have illuminated my path to finish my Final Year Project successfully. I am thankful to my supervisor for she is always spent her precious time to guide, improve, and correct my English writing in the report.
Next, I would like to thank the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology (FCSIT) for providing me with the chance to do my Final Year Project. I am very grateful for this opportunity. I would also like to express my gratitude to Professor Dr. Wang Yin Chai, Final Year Project Coordinator for the conduction of Final Year Project which has given me proper coordination and supervision throughout the Final Year Project.
Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for giving me encouragement and moral support, and this has motivated me significantly in completing my Final Year Project.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii
LIST OF FIGURES ... vi
LIST OF TABLES ... viii
ABSTRACT... ix
ABSTRAK... x
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background... 1
1.2 Problem Statement ... 2
1.3 Objectives ... 3
1.4 Brief Methodology ... 3
1.5 Scope ... 4
1.6 Significance of Project... 4
1.7 Expected Outcome ... 5
1.8 Project Outline ... 5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW... 7
2.1 Introduction ... 7
2.2 Background Study ... 7
2.3 Review on Related Systems ... 8
2.3.1 Timogah ... 8
2.3.2 Tesco Groceries ... 10
2.3.3 Baby Needs ... 12
2.3.4 Comparison on Existing Systems ... 15
2.4 Review on Tools and Technology ... 16
2.4.1 Android Operating System ... 16
2.4.2 Android Studio ... 17
2.4.3 Java ... 18
2.4.4 Firebase ... 18
2.5 Summary ... 19
iv
CHAPTER 3 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ... 20
3.1 Introduction ... 20
3.2 Mobile Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC)... 20
3.3 Planning... 20
3.4 Analysis ... 21
3.4.1 Questionnaire Analysis... 21
3.4.2 Requirement Analysis ... 27
3.4.3 Functional Requirement on Proposed Mobile Application ... 27
3.4.4 Software Requirements ... 28
3.4.5 Hardware Requirements ... 29
3.5 Architecture Design... 29
3.5.1 Project Overview ... 29
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ... 30
3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)... 37
3.5.4 Data Dictionary... 38
3.5.5 Proposed Mobile Application Interface Design ... 40
3.6 Summary ... 42
CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION ... 43
4.1 Introduction ... 43
4.2 Database Implementation... 43
4.3 System Implementation ... 43
4.3.1 Proposed Mobile Application Screenshots ... 44
4.4 Summary ... 50
CHAPTER 5 TESTING... 51
5.1 Introduction ... 51
5.2 System Testing ... 51
5.2.1 Unit Testing ... 51
5.2.2 Usability Testing ... 54
5.3 Summary ... 57
v
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS ... 58
6.1 Introduction ... 58
6.2 Limitation and Constraints ... 58
6.3 Future Works ... 59
6.4 Summary ... 59
REFERENCES... 60
APPENDIX... 62
A: Project Schedule... 62
B: Questionnaire ... 64
C: Real-Time Database of Firebase... 68
D: IEEE Paper ... 69
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: MADLC phases ... 4
Figure 2.1: Time spent on iOS and Android connected devices ... 8
Figure 2.2: Timogah homepage ... 9
Figure 2.3: Products selection ... 9
Figure 2.4: Product details ... 10
Figure 2.5: Tesco groceries homepage... 11
Figure 2.6: Categories of products ... 11
Figure 2.7: Products page... 11
Figure 2.8: Categories of baby products... 13
Figure 2.9: Product filter ... 13
Figure 2.10: Product details ... 14
Figure 2.11: Add or remove the selected products ... 14
Figure 2.12: Smartphones operating system market share... 16
Figure 2.13: Android studio ... 17
Figure 2.14: Android architecture... 18
Figure 2.15: Firebase console ... 19
Figure 3.1: Gender of the respondents ... 22
Figure 3.2: Age of the respondents ... 23
Figure 3.3: Marital status of the respondents ... 23
Figure 3.4: Vegetarian or non-vegetarian of the respondents ... 24
Figure 3.5: Prefer way to purchase green groceries by respondents ... 24
Figure 3.6: Analysis of the problems faced by respondents... 25
Figure 3.7: Experience on purchasing green groceries through online by respondents ... 25
Figure 3.8: Interest of respondents toward proposed mobile application... 26
Figure 3.9: Modern technology analysis ... 26
Figure 3.10: Consumers opinian ... 27
Figure 3.11: DFD level 0 for user entity ... 31
Figure 3.12: DFD level 1 of register function... 32
Figure 3.13: DFD level 1 of login function ... 32
Figure 3.14: DFD level 1 of manage user profile function ... 33
Figure 3.15: DFD level 1 of add product function ... 33
Figure 3.16: DFD level 1 of edit product function ... 34
Figure 3.17: DFD level 1 of search product function ... 34
Figure 3.18: DFD level 1 of add shopping cart function ... 35
Figure 3.19: DFD level 1 of payment function ... 35
Figure 3.20: DFD level 1 of product review function ... 36
Figure 3.21: DFD level 1 of view order history function ... 36
Figure 3.22: Entity relationship diagram (ERD) ... 37
Figure 3.23: Login page and register form page ... 40
Figure 3.24: Homepage and product detail page... 41
Figure 3.25: Shopping cart page and payment page... 41
vii
Figure 4.1: User registration page... 45
Figure 4.2: Login page ... 45
Figure 4.3: Homepage ... 46
Figure 4.4: Search function ... 46
Figure 4.5: Shopping cart page ... 47
Figure 4.6: Pre-order page... 47
Figure 4.7: Payment details page ... 48
Figure 4.8: Order history page... 48
Figure 4.9: Review product page ... 49
Figure 4.10: Product category page ... 49
Figure 5.1: The easiness of finding the products ... 55
Figure 5.2: User-friendly interface of the proposed mobile application ... 55
Figure 5.3: Effectiveness of solving problems... 56
Figure 5.4: The easiness of perform payment method... 56
Figure 5.5: Expectation and functions of the proposed mobile application ... 57
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Comparison of features between existing systems... 15
Table 3.1: Overview of software requirements ... 28
Table 3.2: Overview of hardware requirements... 29
Table 3.3: Data dictionary for User table ... 38
Table 3.4: Data dictionary for Shopping_Cart table... 38
Table 3.5: Data dictionary for User_Information table ... 38
Table 3.6: Data dictionary for Review table ... 39
Table 3.7: Data dictionary for Payment table ... 39
Table 3.8: Data dictionary for Order_History table ... 39
Table 3.9: Data dictionary for Product table... 39
Table 3.10: Data dictionary for Product_Information table ... 40
Table 5.1: Result of units testing ... 51
ix
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the smartphone has become the necessary devices for all people for it makes our life become more convenient and comfortable. Most of the stores are turning into online store for they intend to expand their profit and market in the worldwide. Green grocery is one of the essential sales products as consumers are needed to focus it. This is because green groceries supply low carbon and high fiber intake are linked to low carbohydrates diet which can maintain their healthy lifestyle in daily life. However, one of the problems the researcher had found is that consumers in every supermarket encountered with which they need to spend their time to line up in a queue. Hence, this project was aimed to develop a Mobile Application for Green Grocery Shopping which provides benefits to every consumer in purchasing needed green groceries at anytime and anywhere without waiting for long queues. There will also be some functions and features created in this mobile application to make the purchasing of the products more convenient for the users. This is because users can reduce the browsing time searching for the green groceries.
x
ABSTRAK
Pada masa ini, telefon pintar telah menjadi peranti yang diperlukan untuk semua orang kerana ia menyumbangkan kehidupan kita lebih mudah dan selesa. Oleh itu, kebanyakan kedai beralih ke kedai dalam talian dan ini sangat kerana mereka berniat untuk memperluas keuntungan dan pasaran mereka di seluruh dunia. Barangan runcit hijau mengandungi sayur- sayuran dan buah-buahan. Sayur-sayuran atau buah-buahan adalah salah satu produk jualan penting kerana pengguna diperlukan untuk memfokuskannya. Pengguna mendapat banyak manfaat daripada bahan makanan sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan yang mengekalkan gaya hidup sihat mereka dalam kehidupan seharian. Pengguna vegetarian perlu sendiri pergi ke pasar raya untuk membeli sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan yang diperlukan. Oleh itu, projek ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan aplikasi mudah alih untuk membeli-belah sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan yang memberikan faedah kepada setiap pengguna dalam membeli barangan keperluan runcit hijau pada bila-bila masa dan di mana sahaja tanpa menunggu giliran yang panjang. Terdapat juga beberapa fungsi dan ciri yang dicipta dalam aplikasi mudah alih ini untuk menjadikan pembelian produk lebih mudah untuk pengguna.
1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In this era of globalization, smartphone has become an important commodity, and this is due to everyone may have at least one smartphone in their hands. The mobile technology continues to advance in this era of globalization, and this phenomenon in the world is constantly growing (Hwang & Wu, 2014). Nowadays, it becomes the indispensable devices because it makes our life more comfortable and convenient. Many smartphones do provide many features or facilities such as exchanging information, downloading useful mobile apps or important files, getting high quality photo or video, supporting mobile data or Wi-Fi networks, and many others. Compared to the traditional cellular phone, there is a significant difference.
In this age of technology, mobile technology has seen a steep rise in its usage and demand, which has further increased the need for dedicated software for mobile dev ices (Islam, Islam, & Mazumder, 2010). Many problems have already been solved with mobile applications (Zhang & Adipat, 2005). For instance, consumers must go from place to place for shopping, and they typically spend their time in traffic congestion or a long waiting queue. But now, there is no need for most of the people to go to the physical shop anymore for they may simply place order online through mobile application. This phenomenon greatly changes the consumer purchasing behavior in this technology age. Therefore, they are engaged in using mobile application such as Shopee, Lazada, and Taobao as their shopping store to buy items instead of going to the shopping mall. This is because they can save their petrol and time spent in the shopping mall in order to purchase items.
Nowadays, most of the people are stressed on modern life and change the style of food intake which is focused on green groceries. Green groceries supply low carbon and high fiber
2
for vegetarians, and who want to eat green groceries. Thus, people are chosen green groceries which can help their slim body, diseases prevention, protect earth, stop killing animal regularly, and so on. Green groceries are parts of plants which are vegetables and fruits that are consumed by humans or other animals as natural food (Peneau, Linke, & Escher, 2009). They are naturally good which contain minerals and vitamins that can enable to maintain our healthy lifestyle.
Moreover, a diet rich in fresh green groceries is significant to maintaining good health.
Green grocery is one of the essential sales products as many people are needed to f ocus it. The advantages of eating green groceries are highlighted which include maintaining a healthy lifestyle and designed for fast weight loss as it is a low carbohydrates diet. Thus, this Mobile Application for Green Groceries Shopping, the main subject product are various types of green groceries which include local vegetables or fruits and import vegetables or fruits. Thus, this project will target on a group of vegetarians who only consume green groceries, and who need to purchase green groceries online. Through using this mobile application, it enables them to search their need green groceries and purchase them without queuing in the supermarket. This undoubtedly will be a convenient channel for consumers to purch ase green groceries through the platform developed.
1.2 Problem Statement
According to a survey regrading development of Mobile Application for Green Grocery Shopping, I conducted on November 2019 using an online service which is Google Form, I exposed the observation is tally to previous study. There is a common phenomenon that consumers in every supermarket encountered with which they need to spend their time to line up in a queue, especially during peak hours (Bennett, 1998). This situation w ill cause time wasted on queue. Buying green groceries in traditional way compared with online shopping
3
seems to take time and weary out someone in order to complete the entire purchasing process.
Online shopping for green groceries, therefore, is more efficient and less time-consuming than the traditional way. Moreover, it cannot be denied that consumers in every supermarket which is encountered the freshness issue of green groceries. The freshness issue of green groceries is a significant point for consumer choice and purchase them (Peneau, Linke, & Escher, 2009).
When they choice green groceries, they commonly will encounter not fresh and bad condition green groceries in the supermarket. Thus, they will be forced to go to the supermarket at a specific time to get the fresh green groceries in daily life.
1.3 Objectives
1. To create and develop a mobile application for purchasing green groceries at anytime and anywhere.
2. To reduce consumers waiting time during purchasing green groceries by simulating an instant online payment.
3. To provide consumers the experience of purchasing fresh green groceries through pre- order feature of green groceries.
1.4 Brief Methodology
In this project, the methodology of the Mobile Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC) will be applied. With reference to Kaur and Kaur (2015), MADLC is a description from the perspective of a mobile device of the traditional Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). MADLC would be more applicable specially to the development of mobile applications. The phases of MADLC involved which are planning, analysis, design, testing, and maintenance.
4
Figure 1.1: MADLC phases
1.5 Scope
The proposed mobile application will be restricted Kuching area only. This mobile application will also be emphasized on the Android-base system. Other operating systems such as IOS and Window Phone are not included because of the factor of time constraint the researcher faced in completing this project. Besides that, users are not able to do the payment with real transaction through this mobile application, but to implement it by using the dummy transaction.
1.6 Significance of Project
The Mobile Application for Green Grocery Shopping aims to serve the Android users and the vegetarians. This mobile application provides opportunities for consumers to enable them purchasing green grocery products online instead of going to the supermarket. It critically enhances a convenient shopping experience because of consumers can purchase green groceries at anytime and anywhere through this mobile application. In other words, it provides convenience and comfortableness to their life.
Planning Analysis
Design
Testing
Maintenance
5 1.7 Expected Outcome
At the end of this project, a Mobile Application for Green Grocery Shopping will be developed. An app will be developed for consumers to allow them to place order green groceries online. Consumers can easily purchase of needed green groceries at anytime and anywhere through this mobile application. Thus, it facilitates them with saving their time spent in the supermarket without lining up in the queue while purchasing their green groceries.
1.8 Project Outline
In this project, there were five chapters converse to define the Mobile Application for Green Grocery Shopping. Chapter 1 was covered the project introduction. It was explained the project overview in detail, including background, problem statement, objectives, brief methodology, scope, significance of project, and expected outcome.
Chapter 2 was followed and covered the literature review. Three existing mobile applications were chosen as reviewed systems. Based on their functions and features, these reviewed systems were discussed f urthermore in this chapter. Also, the advantages and limitations of the reviewed systems in the aspect of planning and executing a new system were analyzed.
Chapter 3 was covered the requirement analysis and design. Mobile Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC) was the methodology to be applied in this project. This chapter was also explained the process of obtaining the user requirement and analyzing the data to obtain the useful information.In addition, the project architecture design was also discussed including data flow diagram, entity relationship diagram, data dictionary, and interface design in this chapter.
6
Chapter 4 was covered the implementation of the project. The system implementation was included the screenshots of the proposed mobile application and the functions were discussed in the chapter.
Chapter 5 was covered the system testing of the project. The system testing was performed to test whether the function works. In this chapter, the unit testing and usability testing were included in the system testing.
Chapter 6 was covered the conclusion of the proposed system and future works. This chapter was also outlined all the proposed system constraints, and the improvement that can be made in the future works.
7
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The study of existing related systems similar to the field of proposed mobile application is covered in this chapter. In addition, the features of the existing related systems are also analyzed so that the proposed mobile application can be further enhanced. Based on the similarities, advantages, and disadvantages of the existing related systems, the contrast between them and proposed mobile application are analyzed and shown in Table 2.1. It will support the developer in terms of design for the interface of mobile application through this review.
Besides that, this chapter is also involved reviewing the software development tools used to develop the proposed mobile application. It is declared the introduction of software development tools and the benefits of the tools’ functions as well.
2.2 Background Study
Nowadays, green grocery is one of the essential sales products as many people are needed to focus it (Yeng & Yazdanifard, 2015). Even though green grocery online shopping system is more frequently noticed in the form of web-based application, but it is necessary to develop a Mobile Application of Green Grocery Shopping to reach out the consumers. This is because the mobile application works more rapidly than the browser (Deshdeep, 2015).
According to the Figure 2.1, it is revealed the time spent statistics on connected devices with Android and iOS. The time spent of mobile users on mobile applications which is 86 percent of their time compared to the browser which is only 14 percent of their time. Thus, the idea of having a Mobile Application of Green Grocery Shopping does help make the process of purchase products become more effective.
8
Figure 2.1: Time spent on iOS and Android connected devices
2.3 Review on Related Systems
This chapter reviewed and compared the three existing related systems in order to determine the systems’ similarities, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discussed the functionality of the existing related systems and proposed mobile application. To enhance the proposed mobile application, a comparison between these existin g related systems were studied. This section reviews the three existing related systems which are Timogah (Timogah, n.d.), Tesco Groceries (Tesco Groceries, n.d.), and Baby Needs (Baby Needs, 2015).
2.3.1 Timogah
Timogah (Timogah, n.d.) is a web-based application, and an E-Commerce company based in East Malaysia with offering fresh groceries delivery nationwide which is considered as an online groceries shopping platform. It has transformed the domestic traditional food and agricultural supply chain into a digital marketplace by empowering small rural farmers and small market traders through an efficient demand supply matching and smart distribution
9
strategies. Figure 2.2 illustrates the homepage of Timogah (Timogah, n.d.). With reference to Figure 2.3, consumers may select their desired groceries, then add to the shopping cart. After that, they may also make a view on the product details and continually select the amount of quantity that depicted in Figure 2.4. In general, Timogah (Timogah, n.d.) has all the basic features of online shopping process.
Figure 2.2: Timogah homepage
Figure 2.3: Products selection
10
Figure 2.4: Product details
2.3.2 Tesco Groceries
Tesco Groceries (Tesco Groceries, n.d.) is one of the web-based applications that allows the consumers to purchase groceries online instead of going to the supermarket. It is supported by its large network of stores in Malaysia. Tesco store is also an online groceries shopping platform which is from groceries to household items and electrical appliances. It carried more than 10,000 items in its online store which is conveniently categorized for an easier shopping experience. Figure 2.5 displays the Tesco Groceries homepage (Tesco Groceries, n.d.) needed to sign in Tesco account so that to start shopping. From the Figure 2.6, Tesco Groceries (Tesco Groceries, n.d.) is managed to categorize all groceries in order, and it then helps consumers to find their needed products in a short time. Users can also add their wanted products in the shopping cart for purchasing the products that is shown in Figure 2.7.
11
Figure 2.5: Tesco groceries homepage
Figure 2.6: Categories of products
Figure 2.7: Products page
