PDF TA.J~ CHAN BOON - Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

STRUCTURAL DESfG OF A REINrORCE D CO C RET E FLOATI G PONTOON WITH A AC ' E WALKWA Y

T

A.J~

CHAN BOON

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

TA

2002

439 Tl61 2002

P.KHIDMAT MAKlUMAT AKADEMIK UN1MAS

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0000107255

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

KOla Sant8J'ahan

BOItANG PENYERAHAN TE5IS

JuduJ: Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Floating Pontoon

wiill an Access Walkway

SESI PE GAJ1AN: J999 - 2002

Saya TAN CHAN BOON

(HURUF BESAR)

mcngaku membenorilan t<s,s ini digimpan di Pus., ^Khidm.. Maklum.. Al<ademik, UnJvOfOm Maloy".

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( Nama Penycli. ) SARAWAK.

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APPROVAL SHEET

This project report attached here to, entitled "Structural Design of a Reinforced Concrete Floating Pontoon with an Access Walkway" prepared and submItted by Tan Chan Boon in partial fulfilment of the requlremenls for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Civil) is hereby read and approved by:

Date:_ g _ ~ °I-/_~-J/?<m ^__

^{2 -}

^{_ _}

Dr Ng Chee Khoon Lecturer

CivIl Engmeering Department Faculty of Engineering

University Malaysia Sarawak

1

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOATING PONTOON WITH AN ACCESS WALKWAY

TAN CHAN BOON

This report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Dachelor Degree in Civil Engineering (Hons.)

from the

Faculty of EnglDeering University ofMalaysia Sarawak

March 2002

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My sincere thanks to my supervisors, Mr. Anthony Law Ngo King. the Managing Director of Jurutera Jasa (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and Dr. Ng Chee Khoon for thelI unwavering support and guidance received throughout the period of thla project.

I alBo would Wee to express my sincere apprecultlon to StructuraL Engineer of Jurutera Jasa (sARAWAK) SON BHD. Mr. Voon for his aaeiJltance in completlng various taake.

I also wouLd like to express my sincere apprecialion to all the l!ection leaders and engineers, and draughtepersons in JURUTERA JASA (SARAWAK) SON BHD for their assistance in completing various task .

1n addition, I would like to thank Miss Norazzlina for her help regardmg the usage of Staad III program and allowing me to borrow Staad III dongle.

Finally my appreciation goes to my family and friends for thelI love and support.

ABSTRACT

The project presented herein is the structural design of a reinforced concrete floating pontoon with an acce88 wall-way. For the analysis and design purposes, two 8tructuralsoitwares were adopted, which are Staad ill and MicroFeap II.

This project ^is mainly concerned with the detail design of the reinforced floating pontoon, truss analysis and timber decking for walkway. The British Code of practices

as

8UO, BS 5950 and BS 5268 are used respectively in this project.

The mooring and anchoring system is nol included in tllia project. Energy absorption, for e~lImple, using rubber fenders or timber is also not included.

Output resulta generated by the software will be analysed and followed by the structural elements design state. Eventually, detail drawings are produced to illu8trate how structure is to be constructed on site.

This thesis is concludod in improving the reinforced concrete floating pontoon wltb conclusion and some recommendations on the project are stated too.

II

ABSTRAK

Projek tabun akbir ini meranglrumi rekabentuk struktur bagt. kOnkriL pontun dan pelalu jalan kaki. Perisian struktur yang digunakan dalam rekabentuk adalah Staad

m

dan MircoFeap U.

Tumpuan utama diberi kepada merekabentuk struktur bagi konkrit pontun, kelruda dan kayu dek aahajaPiawaian kode yang digunakan adalah BS 8110, BS 5950 dan BS 5268 dalam projek ini.

Sistem tambatan dan penyerapan tennga oleh penangkia pukulan bdak termll8uk dalam perbincangan projek ini.

Keputusan keluaran daripada perisian sturktur akan dikaji dan diikuti dengan peringkat merekabentuk struktur binaan. Selepas itu luman struktur akan dibll8ilkan untuk memberi gambaran mengenai struktur hinaan sebenar di tapak binaan. Cadangan untuk kerja-kerja memperbaiki turut diberi.

ill

LIST OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

•

ABS'l'RACT ¹¹

ABSTRAK ^Lii

L1ST OF SYMBOLS VIii

LIST OF CONTENTS ^IV

LIST OF FIGURES xv

UST OF TABLES ^XVI

CHAPTER 1 I NTRODU{,'TIO

1.1 [ntroduction 1

1. 2 Project, Objectives 2

l.3 Thesis Overview 2

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General 4

2.2 History of floatlllg pontooo 5

IV

CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY AND METHODOLOGY

3.l <kneral 8

3.1.1 Tides 8

3.2 Introduchon 10 Reinforced Concrete Floating Pontoon Design 11 3.2.1 Rl'inforced Concrete Design

3.2.1.1 bjl'Clivp 17

3.2.l.2 Introduction to reinforced concrete design 17

3.2.1.3 Reinforced concrete design 17

3.2.1.4 Fwnged Beam~ 18

3.2.1.5 Procedures in desigrung Flanged Beam 19

3.2.2 Slab Design 21

3.3 Truss Design

3.3.1 General 23

3.3.2 Types of truss 23

3.3.3 BraClJlg actIon in walkway - V Framt' AnalysIS 25

3.3.4 Connection 27

3.3.5 Guidance on method ofanalY8L~ 27

3. 1 Timlll'r Declting Design

3.4.1 <kneral 28

3.4.2 Introduction 28

3.4.3 Procedures ^In deslgruDg tunber decking 29

CHAPTER 4 DETArL DESIGN AND CALCULATION

4.0 General 32

4.1 Relllforced concrete floatmg pontoon deSIgn 32

v

i

4.1.1 Assumptions mad~

33

4.1.2 Freeboard of the floating pontoon 37

U .3 Input Procedure for Staad III 38

4.1.4 Result.s (extracted from Appendix AI) 43

4.1.5 Summary of member end forces from St.aad ill analysIS 44

4.1.6 Manual calculation 46

<1 17 Slab deSign 57

4.1.8 Column Design 59

4.1,9 DllIcussion 60

4.2 Walkway Design

4,2,1 Walkway design - Condition 1 ₆₁

4.2.2 Walkway design - ConditIon 2 62

4.2.3 ResuJt 63

1.2.4 U-Frame analysis for walkway design 63

4,2, Pin suppons design 65

4.3 Timber decking design 67

4.4 Detail structural drawing for reinforced concrete floating pontoon 70

witb an access walkway

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 7·1

5.1 Floating Pontoon 74

5.2 Steel I russ and cross member for the walkway 76

vi

REFERENCES 77 APPENDIX A STAAD III INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA FOR 78

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOATING PONTOON APPENDIXBl STAAD III INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA FOR

tOO

WALKWAY DESIGN - CONDITION I

APPENDIXB2 STAAD III INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA FOR 112 WALKWAY DESIGN - CONDITION II

APPENDIXC T ABl.E PROPERT! ES OF TIlE STEEL SECTION 124 APPENDIXD U-FRAME ANALYSIS USING MICROFEAP II : 127

INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA

VII

SYMBOLS

For the purpose of this Chapter, the following symbols have been used. ThesIl have largely been taken from BS 8110. Note that in one or two caaes the same symbol is differently define<l Where this OCCU.1'8 the reader should use the definition mOAt appropriate to the l'leml'nt being deSIgned.

GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES h Width of section

d Effective deptb of the tension h Overall depth of section x Depth to neutral axis

z Lever arm

d Depth to tbe compression reinforcement

1 Effective span

c ominal cover t~ reinforcement

Cbaracteristic load Ch8-r8cteristic dead load

yr

K M

SHEAR

8,

v

v

v,

Characteristic imposed load Cbaracwristic wind load Charac(.(mahc atrength

Characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete CharacterlBtic tensile strength of reinforcement Partial Raf!'ty factor for load

Partlru safety factor for materialatrength Coefficient given by MJ£.ubd'

Design ultimate moment

Design ultimat.e moment of reSlBtance Area of tension reinforcement

Characteristic R!rength of linkll Spacing of li.nks along the member

Design shear force due to ultimate loads Design shear stress

Design concrete shear atre8S

1'otlll cr088"sectional area of shear reinforcement

LX

For IbJB purp06e6 of tbJB 6ection, the following 6ymbols bave been used. These have largely been taken from BS 5268.

GEOMETRr h

h A

I Z

Bending L

M

MR

Deflection

&

m

AL /{OPER1'IES Breadth of beam Depth of beam

Total cr08s-sectional Rrea Radius of gyration

Second moment of area Sect ion modulus

Effecttve Apan Design moment Moment of resistance

Applied bending stress paraU€1\ to grain Grade bending stress parallel to grain Permissible bencling stress parallel to grain

1'olal denection Bending deflection Shenr deflection Permisailile deflection

"

E Em..n G

Shear F,

t.

t.

t ....

bearing F

Ib

Compression L­

A.

N

Ot: fldm ,j ^r

Modulus of ela ticity Mean modulus of elasticity Shear modulus

Design sheaT force

Applied shear 8t ress parallel to gr8.Ul Grade shear stress pa.rallel to grAin Permiaaihle shear stress parallel

w

^grain

Bearing force Length of hearing

Applied compression stress perpendicular to gr8.Ul Grade compression stress perpAndicuIar to grain Permissible bending stress perpendicular to grain

Effective length of a coIllInn Slcnderncsa ratio

Axial load

Apphed compression stress parallel to grain Grade compression BITeRS parallel 1.0 grain

Perrrusswie compreSSiOn stress parallel to grain

Xl

a<11 CompreSSlOn atresa = a •• IIKJ a, Euler critical stress

For I.he purpose of l.hiB section, the following symbols have ])(>en Uiled Tht'Re have largely been taken from BS 5950

GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES

A Area of section

A. Gross sectional area of steel section R Breadth of section

B Outstand of nange

D Depth of section

o

Depth of web

1" I, Second moment of area about tbe major and minor ^RXt'1l

L Length of spa"

r., r Radius of gyration of a member abut its major and minor axes

S" ~ PlastiC modulus about the major Bnd rumor axes l' Thickness of flange

l' Thickness of web

U Buckling parameter of the aechon

x

Torsional mdex of sectlOn

7-4) Z). Elastic modulus about major and minor axes

Bending

X1l

A, Shear area

E Modulus of elasticity

F ,

Tensile force

F .

Shear force

L Actual length

Lt; Effective length

Mmfl • Maximum moment

M., Moment capacity

Mt. Buckling resistance moment

P .

Shear capacity of a section

pc (',ilmpreasive strength of the ateel p. Bending strength oftha steel p, Design strength of steel

& COll8tant=(2751p,)·t,

/,. Slenderness ra tio

0 deflection

COMPRESSION

1\0 Grosa sectional area of steel section

L Actual length

Lt:

Effective length

Mt. Buckling resistance moment

CONNECTIONS

xili

T Thickness of ply

E End distance

F. applied shear force F, Applied tension force f, SheIlI' stress

Pol, Bearing CIIpacity of a holt

p". Bearing CIIpacity of parte connected by ordinary bolts

p. Shear CIIpacity of 0 holt pbb Bearing strength of a holt

Pbtr Bearing strength of porta con~ected by friction grip fasteners pt.o Bearing strength of parte connected by ordinary holtl!

p. Shear strength of ⁸ holt Pt Tension strength of a bolt p_ Design strength of ⁸ fillet weld S Leg length of 8 fillet weld

xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 3.1 Side Elevation showing poesibie poaition of floating pontoon 10

section; (d) L-section

Iaatie support 8tiffn088

frames

Fig. 3.2 Beam sectiOIl8: (a) Singly reinforced; (b) doubly reinfon:ed;(c) T- 18

Fig. 3.3 Common types of trusses 23

Fig. 3.4 SloeeI truss wa Ikway pIan for the project 24

Fig. 3.5 Buckling of main beams of half-through girder 25

Fig.3.6 U-frame restraint aclion.(a) Components ofU-Frame, (b) U-Frame 26

Fig. 3.7 Buckling made for half-through construction with flexible and 26

Fig. 4.1 Geometry modelling of floating pontoon USl.Dg Staad

In

program 34

Fig. 4.2 Top key plan of floating pontoon 35

Fig_ 4.3 Bottom key plan of floating pontoon 36

Fig. 4.4 Pontoon overall Iayout, elevation and detaila 71

Fig. 4.5 Pontoon key plan, beam and slab details 72

Fig. 4.6 Pontoon walkway plan and sectional details 73

xv

IJS'I' OF TABLES

Table 3.1 TIde levels

• I

9

T Thickness of ply

E End distance

Fe applied shear force F, Applied tension force (, Shear stress

Pbl> Bearmg capacity of a bolt

Pb. Bearing capacity of parts connected by ordinary bolts P. Sbear capacity of a bolt

Phb Bearing strength of a bolt

Pb. Bearing strength of parts connected by fnction grip fasteners ph. Bearing strength of parts connected by ordinary bolts

p; Shear strength of 8 bolt p, Tension Atrength of ⁰ bolt p_ Design strength of II fillet weld S Leg length of a fillet weld

xiv

CllAP'rER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

FJoatmg pontoon L8 a broad, flat'bottomed floating structure generally rectangular in shape, used for many purposes in a port, as a ferry landmg place, a pIer head, or alongside a vessel to assist in loading or discharging.

Historically floating pont.oona are used chiefly to support a bridge, to raise a sunken shIp, or to float a hydroplane or a floating dock. Pontoons have been built f wood. of hades stretched over wicker frames, of copper or tIn sheet

metslsheathed over wooden frames. of aluminum. of concrete and of steel.

Pontoons for raising sunken ships are watertight cylinders that are filled with water, sunk, and fastened to the submerged ship; when emptied by compressed air. they float the ship to the surface. A pontoon lifeboat conaists of a raft. supported by watertight cyhnders.

The modem permanent pontoon is composed of many compartments, so that ifa leak occurs in one compartment, the pontoon will not SInk. Permanent pontoons are fastened together and several anchors are dropped from each. However in

1

I • 'r

"

this project, the pontoon unit is small Therefore no compartmentation is mtroduced. The partition wall makes the reinforced concrete box unit too heavY.

1.2 Project Objectives

The main objective of this project is to perform a structural design of ^II reinforced ncrete floating pontoon with an access walkway based on BS 8110:

Part 1 (1985), BS 5950 (990). BS 5268 (1996) and BS EN 388 (1995).

In designing the reinforced concrete floating pontoon, computE'r analysis and manual calculation are used. For steel truss and cross members design, computer software is used. Timber decking design ill based on manual calculation according to BS 5268 (1996).

Detail structural drawmgs are also included to illustrate how the structure is constructed on the site.

1.3 Thesis Overview

This thesis describes the project of structural design of a reinforced concrete floating pontoon with an access walkway. Following the introduction, the next chapter gives an overview of the floating pontoon lllcluding a brief history and background of floating pontoons.

2

;.

The description about the case study and methodology are in Chapter 3 of this report where it focuses on the specification and the procedures involved in designing the reinforced concrete floatmg pontoon, timber declung and aocess walkway design. Chapter 4 is concerned with the detailed design and calculation of reinforced concrete floating pontoon with an access walkway. Chapter 4 alae included the detailed structural drawings for reinforced concrete floating pontoon and aocess walkway. The thesis is concluded in Chapter 5.

3