The ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development is a refereed journal of the ASEAN Committee on Science and Technology (ASEAN COST). The average COD and BOD concentrations of the dairy effluent were 2945 mg/l and 1070 mg/l, respectively. Operating conditions of the reactor The UASB reactor was operated in three different phases for 20 to 22 weeks.
During Phase II, the optimum pH was established for maximum reactor cleaning efficiency using dairy effluent.
Optimum pH Value for Dairy Wastes)
The reactor was started with an inlet COD concentration of 2200 mg/l at HRT of 36 hours, corresponding to OLR of 1.82 g COD/l.d. 7 The time courses for the reactor's COD removal efficiency, wastewater VFA concentration and biogas production, corresponding to the pH value in phase II of the study, are shown in Figures 9-11. 200 mg/l, which gives maximum treatment capability in terms of COD reduction at constant OLR and HRT.
According to these optimal conditions, the observed amounts of COD reduction and biogas production were the highest, i.e.
Effects of OlR and HRT on the Treatability Performance of the Reactor)
However, the cost of developing the UASB reactor for large-scale application needs to be reduced and studies in this direction are required. Arshad, A, Hashim, NH, Inthikhab, AQ & Athar, S 2009, 'Feasibility treatment of NSSC pulping effluent using UASB reactor', Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, vol. Bhatti, ZI 1995 , 'Studies on biological treatment of methanolic waste in UASB reactor', PhD thesis, Osaka University, Japan.
Hybrid UASB Reactor Treatment of Dairy Effluent, in 2nd International Symposium on Waste Management Problems in Agro-industries, Istanbul, Turkey.
Bond Strength of Glued-in Rods in Malaysian Tropical Timber as Influenced by Adhesive,
Glued-in rods are used to connect wooden components together, and have been shown to be more effective than using traditional fastening methods such as nails and screws (Joseph 1999). Glued-in bars are also used in repairs to timber structures and to strengthen the timber (Mettem & Davis 1996). Glued-in joints using rods are known to offer improvements by reducing weight and end splitting, eliminating very stiff joints when loaded in the axial direction, providing greater fire resistance, and.
Therefore, there is a need to investigate the performance of bonded joints using Malaysian tropical wood.
Diameter and Glueline Thickness
The tests focused on determining the influence of rod diameter, rod ϕ, (or corresponding drill hole, ϕhole) and adhesive thickness, h, on the tensile strength of the bonded rods. Observations were made on the failure modes of the specimens to better understand the behavior of the bonded wood. When building a bonded joint, the strength of the joint will depend on the type of adhesive used.
Comparing both adhesives, the pullout strength of the bonded joints using Sikadur was 26% higher than using Monstrong adhesive.
Design and Construction of Automized Assembly Application
The main considerations for this project were the purpose of use, the size of the object to be transported, the speed of the transport and the positioning accuracy. At the end of the conveyor belt, the workpiece was stopped by the sensor and picked up by a gripper and placed on the conveyor belt of group two. The pneumatic cylinder retracted and sent a ready signal to group three for the screwing process.
At the same time group 2 sent a ready signal to group four for the turntable and conveyor belt to move. All of the parts mentioned above were assembled and most of the frame components were machined using the threading and CNC machining center. Due to the rotational inertia of the plates and screws, the size and capacity of the motor was small.
If a cam is used, it will be very complicated to calculate, design and construct the movement of the fixing unit. They were used to determine the radius of the arc that connected the two conveyor belts together and they had to move across the table at the same time. With the help of the Autocad, the two belt conveyors were drawn which formed a 90º angle and an 8 mm gap between two conveyor belts.
The function of the machine was quite simple, but it was very important for the smooth operation of the entire robot. The author of this article would also like to thank members of the monitoring project advisory group: Sadao Hatanaka, Takahiro Akiyama, and Kae Chogin.
Implementation of a Communication Satellite Orbit Controller Design Using State Space Techniques
The space satellite uses a control system to adjust its angular speed ω(t) and its angular position θ(t) for complete control of the satellite. In the absence of Earth's centripetal force, the satellite would have continued to travel in a straight line at a constant speed after injection. From this relationship, the period of the orbit and the orbital velocity or angular velocity of the satellite can be calculated.
Once the simulation is created, a generalized case of the satellite orbiting in a circular orbit at any altitude can be created. Now assume that the satellite will be maintained in a circular geostationary earth orbit. However, the system will be further checked to find out the different possibilities for the controllability of the system.
The response of the double integrator system equation can be easily controlled to provide a desired characteristic equation. This reduced model equation with the elimination of the third-order radial thrust u1 is shown in equation 40. The mathematical model of the system and the implementation for the control system will be described below.
From this figure it can be seen that the system was unstable because the poles were on the right side of the s-plane. Consequently, the system had to be controlled so that the poles would be shifted to the left side of the S-plane to ensure stability. Therefore, the system had to be controlled so that the poles would be shifted to the left side of the S-plane to ensure stability.
The desired pole location of the system was determined to determine whether the state feedback controller was stable or unstable.
Ferromagnetic Order in the Intermetallic Alloys laNi 5-x Mg x
On the other hand, one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials mentioned is Mg (Jains et al. 2009). Based on research on LaNi5-based alloys, we investigated the properties of the intermetallic alloys LaNi5 doped with Mg. In this paper, the results of experiments on crystallographic and magnetic properties of the LaNi5-xMgx are discussed.
The magnetic properties of the alloys LaNi5-xMgx were measured on a Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer in magnetic fields up to 5 T and in the temperature range of 5 K and 300 K. For experiments performed at higher temperatures T = 100 and 200 K (Figures 3b and c) for x = 0.1, the normalized magnetization was linearly dependent on the applied fields with a small slope of dM/dH, and no hysteresis effects were observed, indicating a paramagnetic state. Lattice parameters of LaNi5-xMgx as a function of the Mg concentration x measured at room temperature.
In the study about the magnetic properties of LaNi5-based alloys, in which Ni is partially replaced by other metals, such as Co, Mn, Fe, Al, etc., long-range ferromagnetic. This is attributed to the enhanced Fe-Ni exchange interaction and is confirmed by the increased Curie temperature in LaNi5-xFex (Culity 1972; Ni can be replaced by Mg, due to the difference in the electronic structure of the two elements.
In conclusion, we investigated the crystallographic and magnetic properties of intermetallic alloys LaNi5-xMgx (x ≤ 0.4). XRD patterns provided evidence of a single phase and crystallization in a hexagonal CaCu5-type structure in all samples.
Nanoherbals in Human Healthcare: A Proposed Research and Development Roadmap I
By controlling the process parameters, nano-sized precipitates are formed on a large scale (Hakuta et al. 2003). Ginseng is a de-stressing tonic that increases physical and mental abilities (Schulz et al. 1998), and shows an immune-stimulating effect in humans (Schulz et al. Hypericin and pseudohypericin are predominant components and is standardized according to the hypericin content (Schulz et al .al. 1998).
Kava's medicinal properties are attributed to styrylpyrones that affect several neurotransmitter systems, including those involving Gln, GABA, dopamine, and serotonin (Schulz et al. 1998). Several food ingredients have strong links with human health and their deficiencies cause various diseases (Ali et al. 2009). Weilactoglobulin is modified by hot aggregation and thermal fractionation to make it a fat substitute (Orlein et al. 2006).
Mixed vegetable soup reduces blood homocysteine and thereby improves the bioavailability of carotenoids, including other nutrients (Paterson et al. 2006). Foods containing folate, biotin, niacin, catechins and flavonoids are effective against cancer (Oommen et al. 2005). Aged garlic extract is a promising immune modifier with homeostasis balance and is particularly useful in sarcoma and lung cancer (Kyo et al. 2001).
Aqueous extract of garlic influences the cell cycle and viability of hepatoma cells (De Martino et al. 2006). Their presence in yeast cells, fungi, bacteria and grains modulates the immune system to improve body defense (Volman et al. 2008).
Nanoherbals in Human Healthcare: A Proposed Research and Development Roadmap II
AHMAD* AND U. HASHIM
On the other hand, nutricosmetics are food supplements that support the function and structure of the skin. Similarly, arbutin flavonoids, derived from the leaves of ericaceae and rosaceae are used as a natural whitening agent in cosmetics. Natural wheat protein, hydrolyzed wheat protein, whole oats, hydrolyzed wheat protein polysiloxane, and polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers are just some of the top proteins used in cosmetics for their beneficial effects (Mufti & Macchio 2009; Somerset Cosmetic Company).
However, the molecular compounds diffuse through channels driven by the concentration gradient between inside and outside the nanostructure. Proper delivery will only be possible if there is a deeper understanding of the interactions of the relevant nanostructures within the human body. Detailed histopathological tests performed on test animal organs (Islam & Ahmad 2008) confirmed the changes in concentrations of the relevant biomolecules that occur during treatment in the relevant organs.
With the advent of nanoscience and technology, the pace has been further accelerated with better understanding of the related processes involved at the atomic and molecular levels. Two copies of the manuscripts on A4 size paper and a soft copy on CD must be provided. Each paper must be provided with an abstract of approximately 150 words, which concisely reports on the purpose and result of the paper.
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