Attached is this research paper titled “Perceived Threat of COVID-19, Resilience, and Coping Strategies as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being Among Emerging Adults. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to psychological maladjustment and may affect the well-being of Malaysia Index. The current study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that aimed to examine the predictive effects of perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience and coping strategies (task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, avoidance-oriented coping) on SWB among emerging adults in Malaysia .
The finding revealed that resilience and emotion-oriented coping were a significant predictor of SWB, however it does not match the hypotheses in the current study. Perceived threat of COVID-19, task-oriented coping, and avoidance-oriented coping did not significantly predict SWB. Perceived threat of COVID-19 and resilience 21 Perceived threat of COVID-19 and coping strategies 22 Perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience and SWB 23 Perceived threat of COVID-19, Coping strategies and SWB 23.
Appendix G P-P-plot and histogram of avoidance-oriented coping 105 Appendix H P-P-plot and histogram of task-oriented coping 106 Appendix I P-P-plot and histogram of emotion-oriented coping 107. Appendix M Mediation analysis – Task-oriented coping 112 Appendix Analysis – Emotion-oriented coping 114 Appendix O Mediation analysis – Avoidance-oriented coping 116.
Introduction
Therefore, the current study hypothesized that resilience mediates the association between the perceived threat of COVID-19 and SWB. Does the perceived threat of COVID-19 predict resilience and coping strategies (task-oriented coping, emotional-oriented coping, avoidance-oriented coping) among emerging adults in Malaysia during COVID-19? Does resilience mediate the link between the perceived threat of COVID-19 and SWB among emerging adults in Malaysia?
Coping strategies (task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, avoidance-oriented coping) mediate the association between perceived threat of COVID-19 and SWB among emerging adults in Malaysia. To determine the predictive effect of perceived threat from COVID-19 on resilience and coping strategies (task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, avoidance-oriented coping) among emerging adults in Malaysia. To examine the mediating role of resilience on the association between perceived threat of COVID-19 and SWB among emerging adults in Malaysia.
To examine the mediating role of coping strategies (task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping, avoidance-oriented coping) in the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and SWB among developing adults in Malaysia. H11: Task-oriented coping mediates the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and subjective well-being among Malaysian adults.
Literature Review
A study conducted by Kimhi et al. 2020), suggests that there is a relationship between resilience, perceived threat of COVID-19, and SWB. According to a study conducted by Paredes et al. 2020), the perceived threat of COVID-19 will create fear, uncertainty, and increase stress levels, which will affect an individual's SWB. According to Satici et al. 2020), outbreaks or pandemics such as COVID-19 will affect well-being.
The perceived threat of COVID-19 generates uncertainty, fear, stress and vulnerability which will affect SWB (Parades et al., 2020). According to Harms et al., (2018), resilience can be defined as the ability to transform from trauma or to resist being harmed (trait) or is defined as easily "bouncing back" or. Individuals apply the task-oriented coping strategy in a controllable situation as it is more effective to solve the problem (Endler et al., 1993;.
Apart from that, Mian et al. 2017) investigated that perceived threat is positively associated with avoidance-oriented coping strategies. According to research by Kimhi et al. 2020), the perceived threat of COVID-19 had a significant negative association with resilience.
Methodology
The sample size of the study was calculated using G*Power developed by Faul et al. Fairbairn and Kessler (2015) suggested to add 10 to 15% more of the minimum sample size to avoid incorrectness of the assumptions and therefore the sample size of this study is 159 respondents with the increase of 15%. To obtain consent from each of the participants, the information consent sheet was included in the online survey and distributed through various platforms as mentioned above.
The perceived threat of COVID-19 scale developed by Liu et al. 2020) was used to examine the level of the individual's perception of COVID-19 as a threat based on the individual's perceived vulnerability and severity. Next, the mean as well as the standard deviation were calculated for each of the components. Assumption of normality test was performed to examine the degree of normality of the distribution from the obtained data set.
According to Čisar & Čisar, 2010, skewness has been identified as the level of asymmetry of the probability. Third, histogram was a visual display that demonstrates the distribution of the observed values plotted on the graph (Das & Imon, 2016; Kaplan et al., 2014).
Results
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test whether perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience, coping strategies (task-focused coping, avoidance-focused coping, and emotion-focused coping) significantly predict subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia. Based on standardized beta coefficient values, emotion-focused coping was the strongest negative predictor of subjective well-being, followed by resilience among emerging adults in Malaysia (see Table 4.9). Predictors: (constant), perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience, task-focused coping, avoidance-focused coping, emotion-focused coping.
Predictors: (Continuous), Perceived Threat of COVID-19, Resilience, Task-Oriented Coping, Avoidance-Oriented Coping, Emotion-Oriented Coping. Therefore, H11 was supported as the results showed that task-oriented coping has a significant indirect effect on perceived threat of COVID-19 and SWB, which zero was not included based on the 95% confidence level. After applying the calculation, it was found that the ratio of the indirect effect and the direct effect to the total effect were respectively -.430 and 1.430.
Mediational effect of task-oriented coping on the perceived threat of COVID-19 and subjective well-being. Mediating effect of emotion-focused coping on the perceived threat of COVID-19 and subjective well-being. After applying the calculation, it turned out that the ratio between indirect effect and direct effect on the total effect was -0.126 and 1.126, respectively.
Mediating Effect of Avoidance-Oriented Coping on Perceived Threat of COVID-19 and Subjective Well-Being. H2: Resilience positively predicts subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. H4: Emotion-oriented coping negatively predicts subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
H5: Avoidance-oriented coping negatively predicts subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. H12: Emotion-focused coping mediates the association between perceived threat of COVID-19 and subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia. H13: Avoidance-oriented coping mediates the association between perceived threat of COVID-19 and subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia.
Discussion
Priori Sample Size for Multiple Regression
P Plot and Histogram of Perceived Threat of COVID-19
P Plot and Histogram of Resilience
P Plot and Histogram of Avoidance-Oriented Coping
P Plot and Histogram of Task-Oriented Coping
P Plot and Histogram of Emotion-Oriented Coping
P Plot and Histogram of SWB
- ABSTRACT (5%) Max Score
Perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience and coping strategies as predictors of subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia. For the experiment, report experimental manipulation, participant flow, treatment adherence, baseline data, side effects and side effects, assignment method and implementation, masking. if applicable to the research design). For research projects with an A and higher or F rating, it is mandatory for the supervisor/examiner to provide the overall comment.
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This is to acknowledge that LOW YI LIN (ID No: 17AAB03183) has completed a final year project entitled “Perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience and coping strategies as predictors of subjective well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia” under the supervision of T' ng Soo Ting (supervisor) from the Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. This is to acknowledge that SIEW YI HANG (ID No: 18AAB01773) has completed this final year project entitled “Perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience and coping strategies as predictors of subjective well-being among young adults in Malaysia” under the supervision of T' ng Soo Ting (supervisor) from the Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. This is to acknowledge that WONG CHIN LEONG (ID No: 17AAB01624) has completed this final year project entitled “Perceived threat of COVID-19, resilience and coping strategies as predictors of subjective well-being among young adults in Malaysia” under the supervision of T' ng Soo Ting (supervisor) from the Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.
