Positivisim 86
Interpretivism 87
Interpretivism believes that a phenomenon has many interpretations and reality can be understood through interactions made by people and interpretation is carried out in their environment. People's emotions, feelings and behavior and how they interact in their daily lives help draw meanings from the phenomenon and this can be derived through themes, patterns and trends analyzed by the researcher from the participants' point of view in the real scenarios. (Goldkühl, 2012).
Chosen Research Paradigm 87
Research Approach 88
- Correlational Research Desin 90
- Experimental Research Design 90
- ExplanatoryReasearch Design 90
- Chosen Research Design 91
Research design guides the researcher in answering research questions as well as in realizing the research goals and objectives. Choosing the right research design is important as it provides accuracy as well as reliability of the collected data (Sileyew, 2019). This research design helps the researcher to study the extent of the relationship between the variables of the study and can be interpreted by recognizing the trends and patterns in the collected data.
This research design is utilized by the researcher when much is not known about the research problem and requires further investigation of the operational definitions that.
Instrument Development 91
Following the demographic-based questions, the Part 2 questionnaire contained 26 questions related to the evaluation of EMS in the manufacturing sector on different attributes. The next part of the questionnaire, Part 4, consisted of 11 questions related to the drivers driving the implementation of EMS in the manufacturing sector. In part 5, the questionnaire contained 13 questions related to the challenges faced by the organization regarding the implementation of EMS in the company were included.
The last part of the questionnaire, part 6 consisted of 16 questions related to the required improvements in the EMS.
Pilot Test 93
Secondary Data Collection 101
Chosen Data Collection Method 101
The present study used the primary data collection method using a survey-based questionnaire with 80 closed-ended questions in the form of a 4-point Likert scale divided into six parts associated with EMS in the manufacturing industry in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The questionnaires were given to the employees working in the manufacturing industry in Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Population and Sampling Size 101
Probability Sampling 103
In this sampling method, the members are randomly selected by the researcher from a larger population. In simple sampling, the samples are randomly selected and selected by allocating numbers to the samples via an automated process. In the stratified random sampling method, the population is divided into strata and the researcher selects samples without overlap.
In the cluster sampling method, the population is divided into groups, and then members are randomly selected who are geographically dispersed (Acharya et al., 2013).
Non-probability Sampling 104
Chosen Sampling Method 104
Data Analysis 105
Detailed data analysis and reliability test results were highlighted in the following chapter 4. However, some respondents disclosed their names and details of their organizations in the survey questionnaire. Also, during the survey, none of the candidates were forced to participate in the survey and it was considered only voluntary participants.
The results have been presented in a way that does not cause embarrassment, disadvantage or harm to the respondents involved in the research.
Research Methodology Summary 106
The study examined the current status of EMS implementation in manufacturing industries in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The study surveyed employee perception of EMS implementation in manufacturing industries in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Moreover, it shows a high level of internal consistency in terms of the variables that challenge the implementation of EMS in the manufacturing sector.
The reliability analysis of part 6 of the questionnaire, which focuses on the improvements required in the implementation of EMS in the manufacturing sector is shown in Table 4.15.
DISCUSSION 129
Introduction 129
In addition, more than 85% of the sample population confirmed that product characteristics necessitated the introduction of EMS. About 89% of the sample population confirmed that they needed more EMS training. 97% of employees felt that obtaining resources and support at the management level was one of the challenges associated with effective EMS implementation in manufacturing industries.
More than 97% of the employees supported the measures, such as doing regular EMS training, and consultation processes together with the employee's involvement and participation will improve the implementation of EMS by overcoming the challenges.
Current Status in the Implementation of EMS 131
Furthermore, the study also analyzed employers' seriousness in reporting EMS performance and found that 43.4% of employees who strongly agreed with their employer are serious about EMS performance reporting. Additionally, 43.4% of employees agreed that their employer is serious about EMS performance reporting, and 56.6% of employees strongly agreed with the statement that the company maintains compliance with regulatory requirements. Additionally, the survey focused on employers who provide the resources necessary for EMS to continue to improve, and found that 42.3% of the target audience strongly agreed that their employer is.
On the other hand, 35.4% of the sample population strongly disagreed with their employer, do not really take action to obtain the necessary competence for the implementation of EMS and 39.6% of the respondents from the selected population agreed with: "All employees are not aware of the implementation of EMS." Figure 5.3 indicates the current status of EMS implementation – Part 3.
Effectiveness of EMS Implementation 136
The study also looked at the strict implementation of EMS in their company and found that 47.4% of employees agree that EMS is strictly implemented in their company and 41.5% of employees agree that all employees are involved in EMS implementation. Therefore, the field of application of environmental technologies is not well researched, so more details about the functionality of the proposed technologies would be needed (Ozusaglam et al., 2018). The study also looked at the role of EMS in increasing a company's profit margin and found that 47.2% agreed with: 'EMS increases a company's profit margin' and 48.8% agreed with 'EMS increases a company's access to new customers'. , 56.8% agreed with 'EMS enables direct savings by reducing resource consumption', 56.8% strongly agreed with 'Implementation of EMS is necessary for the manufacturing industry', 42.8% strongly agreed with 'Implementation ISO 14001 will have a positive impact on recruitment', 59.8% strongly agreed with 'EMS improves the operational security of the organisation', 48% agreed with 'EMS provides economic advantages for the organization in the local market.' While the above results were compared with In the literature review, it was found that testing of EMS frameworks is currently implemented in all phases of business processes of organizations to achieve better sustainable results.
The previous study also suggested the use of a life cycle assessment inventory for the overall effectiveness of the EMS.
Key Drivers of EMS Implementation 137
Hence, testing the framework, although recommended by the existing study, is also considered a limitation as most organizations do not provide details of their environmental practices and testing phases. In this way, the impact of the changes made in EMS on the functionality of different departments can be further evaluated (Dereinda & Greenwood, 2015). The study also examined EMS encouragement and the company's role in establishing voluntary compliance with local government regulations, industry standards and international standards and found that 57.7% agreed with 'EMS encourages them'.
When the above results were compared to the literature search, it was found that developed environmental impact statements help to reduce the negative impact of construction.
Challenges on the Implementation of EMS 140
In addition, 40.4% of employees agreed that their company has spent a lot of money implementing the EMS, 43.8% disagreed that they do not have the technology to reduce pollution, and 50 .7% agreed that they are familiar with how EMS works in my company. 38.1% disagree that they are not concerned about the EMS because there is no enforcement, 46.1% agree that they have competent persons to implement and maintain the EMS certification. In addition, 47.2% agreed that they have been given clear instructions on how to protect the environment, 55.2% agreed that they have been allowed to gain relevant knowledge about EMS through training, and 51.2 % agreed that they need it. When the above results were compared with the literature review, it was found that EMS has been adopted by manufacturing companies to reduce the negative impact on the environment, but the lack of transparent leadership has a major impact on the success of the implementation of the environmental management system.
As a result, it can be said that regulatory compliance, implementation gaps, accountability and the human factor are considered to be key determinants that influence a lot.
Improvements Required to Overcome the Challenges 143
Also, 52.8% of employees strongly disagreed with 'Management commitment is not necessarily important to EMS implementation', 56.8% strongly agreed. Entities are encouraged to voluntarily comply with EMS requirements”, 63.4% strongly agree, “Locally, across the Abu Dhabi Emirate, the regulatory framework for EMS will improve EMS implementation across all industry sectors '. In addition, 68.6% strongly agreed that regular monitoring and measurement of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) will improve the effectiveness of EMS implementation.
As a result, the implementation of EMS improved environmental performance, for example, environmental performance has been improved with ISO certification and internal motivation based on a study conducted in construction organizations in China (Qi et al., 2012).
Discussion on Reliability Testing Results 146
The study also tested the reliability based on the opinion about the benefits of EMS implementation in the manufacturing sector on different attributes and showed that Cronbach's alpha in this situation is 0.849, which indicates that the measuring instrument is very accurate. To test the reliability based on the opinions of the drivers that encourage the implementation of EMS in the manufacturing sector, it showed that the Cronbach's alpha in this situation is 0.761, which indicates that the measurement instrument is very accurate. The study also tested the reliability based on the opinion about the challenges faced by the organization in the implementation of EMS in the company and showed that the Cronbach's alpha in this situation is 0.751, which indicates that the measuring instrument is very.
To test the reliability based on the opinion related to the improvements required in EMS, it showed that Cronbach's alpha in this situation is 0.841, which indicates that the measurement tool is very accurate.
Discussion on Hypothesis Testing Results 148
In addition, using the chi-square test, he found that Pearson's chi-square value of 77.892 with a low p-value of 0.00 (p<0.05) supports the conclusion that cost escalation is a major challenge to EMS implementation in manufacturing companies in Abu Dubai. According to the results of the survey, 50.9% of respondents agree that resources and support should be provided to representatives at the management level, of which 45% of respondents agree that legal requirements are the main reason for the company. implement environmental initiatives. Based on the chi-square test, the Pearson chi-square value of 175.78 with a low p-value of 0.00 (p<0.05) supported the conclusion that product characteristics influence EMS implementation as well as public awareness of the ISO 14001 mark will help improve understanding and marketability.
Based on the chi-square test, the Pearson chi-square value of 220.70 with a low p-value of 0.00 (p<0.05) supported the conclusion that corporate image is enhanced by the successful implementation of the EMS.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 155
This research is therefore necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the Environmental Management System (EMS) used in the manufacturing industry. Predicting the costs of implementing an environmental management system: the role of capabilities, resources and ownership structure. A study on the impact of Environmental Management System (EMS) certification on the performance of companies in Malaysia.
An analysis of the benefits and problems associated with corporate environmental management systems: the case of the Spanish automotive industry.
