PHENOTYPIC SWITCHING
PHENOTYPIC SWITCHING
THE VIRULENCE FACTOR OF Candida krusei
MOHD HAFIZ ARZMI
Gombak • 2017
First Print, 2017
©IIUM Press, 2017
IIUM Press is a member of the Majlis Penerbitan Ilmiah Malaysia - MAPIM (Malaysian Scholarly Publishing Council)
All rights reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without any prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN : 978-967-418-737-8
IIUM Press
International Islamic University Malaysia P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
vii 1 CHAPTER TWO: ORAL CANDIDA, PREVALENCE AND
MANAGEMENT
6
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 28
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 47
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
71
REFERENCES 79
ABBREVIATIONS
% : percentage
°C : degree centigrade
µg : microgram
g : gram
µm : micrometer
L : liter
mL : milliliter
v/v : volume/volume
w/v : weight/volume
M : Molar
ed. : edition
et al. : et alia (and others)
no. : number
sp. : species
CHX : chlorhexidine
SEM : scanning electron microscope
GCF : gingival crevicular fluid
PBS : phosphate-buffered saline
CFU : colony forming unit
GABA : γ-aminobutyric acid
