ppst stem seminar 2021 - OER@UMS Home

I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation and thanks to all the parties involved in making PPST STEM Seminar 2021 a success. Hopefully, with the implementation of PPST STEM Seminar 2021, we can further uplift the STEM field in educational institutions with his blessings.

PREFACE

MATHEMATICS

APPLICATION OF SINGLE IMPUTATION METHOD IN ESTIMATING MISSING VALUE FOR OZONE DATA

To demonstrate and compare the performance of the previously described imputation methods, a simulation study was conducted. Exact solutions of the nonlinear cubic Schrodinger equation with a blocking potential by the reduced differential transform method.

Table 1. Deviations of shape and scale parameters

AVERAGE-BASED INTERVALS AND FREQUENCY DENSITY-BASED INTERVALS IN FORECASTING TUBERCULOSIS CASES IN SABAH

Forecast. The result is calculated according to the principles in [14]

The MSE and RMSE according to mean intervals and frequency density-based intervals in the training phase. Comparison of actual number of tuberculosis cases and predicted cases using mean-based intervals and frequency-density-based intervals in the testing phase.

Table 3. The MSE and RMSE according to average-based intervals and frequency density-based intervals in the training phase

A SOR SOLUTION OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL TELEGRAPH EQUATIONS BY USING NEWLY ESTABLISHED REDLICH-KISTER

FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES

Based on the proposed numerical methods listed in the previous section, this work proposes a new method based on the Redlich-Kister polynomial function to approximate the telegraph equation. Previous works of the Redlich-Kister in numerical analysis were introduced by the study [11].

Table 1. Numerical results for Examples 1 and 2

STUDY OF ENHANCING THE MODIFIED BAPTISTA TYPE CRYPTOSYSTEM VIA THE MUTATION TECHNIQUE IDEA

The result shows that the mutation engineering theory was successfully implemented in the modified Baptista cryptosystem. For further research on improving the modified Baptista cryptosystem, we will make an example of the proposed method.

ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY

THE PERFORMANCE OF MORTARS INCORPORATES NANO-SIZED PALM OIL FUEL ASH ON WATER ABSORPTION AND SOPRTIVITY AT

EARLY AGE OF HYDRATION

THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MORTAR CONTAINS NANO-SIZED PALM OIL FUEL ASH IN WATER ABSORPTION AND PROTECTION IN. Therefore, the present work investigates the water absorption and absorption of nPOFA-containing mortar at an early stage of hydration. However, during the 720 minute duration test, the water absorption of the whole mortar exceeds the water absorption of the OPC mortar.

At this curing age, it is suggested that all mortar samples are considered less durable due to high water absorption. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the presence of POFA as SCM in the mortar after a curing age of 28 days does not fully improve the durability behavior of the mortar as the water absorption of all mortars is higher than that of OPC mortar.

Figure 1. TEM analysis of nPOFA [3].

WEATHER PREDICTION IN KOTA KINABALU USING LINEAR REGRESSIONS WITH MULTIPLE VARIABLES

Normal equation method and gradient descent equation are two optimization methods used in this study. It is clear that the normal equation method produces answers that are extremely close to the real result. The inaccuracy created by the gradient descent technique is extremely substantial when compared to the error created by the normal equation approach.

Moreover, the normal equation appears to take less time to calculate the parameters than the gradient descent. This study proposes an efficient and accurate weather forecasting and forecasting model using linear regression principles and the normal equation model.

Figure 1. The framework of the weather prediction model

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE-TITANIUM (RGO-TIO 2 ) PHOTOCATALYST FOR CO 2 REDUCTION INTO METHANE

THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS & PHOTOCATALYST PERFORMANCE

The results in Figure 1 clearly show that rGO-TiO2 (H1) had five sharp diffraction peaks, indicating that the most TiO2 was extracted in this sample. First, rGO-TiO2 (H1) was shown to have better crystallinity in terms of quality and quantity compared to the other two samples. The sharpest diffraction peak of rGO-TiO2 (H1) was at 25.3o, which is almost similar to the diffraction peak of rGO reported by Wenqing et al at 24.5o [23].

Second, the TiO2 nanoparticles are smoothly and intimately dispersed with the rGO sheets, because obviously no rGO diffraction peak was detected. The third valuable finding in this result is that all samples were pure and well crystallized due to which no impurity diffraction peak was detected.

Scherrer’s equation

Pelaez et al., the lower the band gap energy, the wider the visible light can be absorbed, which is the important criterion to perform the photoactivity [25]. It can be concluded that the doped samples have a better band gap size compared to the undoped TiO2. According to some researchers, the band gap narrowing occurs due to the formation of strong Ti-O-C bonds between the TiO2 and rGO composites [26].

Photocatalytic testing over TiO2, rGO-TiO2 (S), rGO-TiO2 (H1) and rGO-Anatase TiO2. H2) when exposed to visible light CONCLUSION. The influence of the synthesis method on the physico-chemical properties of the sample, such as crystallinity phase, crystallite size and gap energy, was successfully demonstrated.

Figure 2 shows the results of UV-Vis analysis to answer the objective two in this article

BIODIVERSITY &

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

This article looks at the concentrations and distribution of the naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in fish. The bioaccumulation of 238U, 232Th and 40K in fish varies depending on habitats, feeding habits and species [2]. Moreover, the concentration of 238U and 40K in fish muscles is always higher than in the bones [32].

Levels of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the digestive organs of fish appear to correlate with stomach filling and consequently decrease when food is scarce [33]. Unfortunately, very little is known about the distribution of 238U, 232Th and 40K in marine flora, especially in bacteria and viruses.

Table 1 compares the range of the results of the study conducted by previous researchers in Malaysia and internationally

ETHNOBOTANY AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE STUDIES IN SABAH (1980 S -2020)

The combination of core areas plays a vital role in the effort of documenting traditional knowledge [7]. In many countries, biological resources and traditional knowledge (TK) are both protected under law [8]. Despite the scientific interest and efforts over the past three decades of ethnobotanical research and traditional knowledge in Sabah, to date, most of the available data remains as academic data.

Pengetahuan tradisional tentang pemanfaatan tanaman obat di kalangan komunitas etnis di Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelayakan pasar tanaman obat di Tamu (pasar lokal) Pantai Barat, Sabah.

WASTE SEPARATION AT SOURCE: AN EXAMPLE FROM SAPPORO CITY

The purpose of this paper is to present and understand a well-established guideline for waste segregation in the city of Sapporo, Japan. In Sapporo, the capital of Hokkaido, a northern prefecture in Japan, waste separation at source has been implemented since 2008 as part of the Slim City Sapporo plan. Only two colors of garbage bags are acceptable for waste separation: yellow and clear plastic bags.

The well-sorted disposal of miscellaneous paper and garden waste (branches, leaves, grass and weed clippings) has improved significantly (Figure 2c-d). They also reported on bottles, cans, PET bottles" and "plastic containers and packaging" [7]. Of course, the encouraging results of waste separation at source would last up to 10 years, as in the case of Sapporo.

Table 1: Type of waste for separation in Malaysia [1]

FUNDAMENTAL &

APPLIED SCIENCE

HYDROTHERMAL CONVERSION OF KAOLIN TO KALSILITE (KalSiO 4 )

Higher K2CO3 concentrations are essential to form highly crystalline calcilite due to the availability of Si and Al in the reaction medium to interact with K+ ions in the nucleation process, resulting in the formation of KAlSiO4 crystals. Further increase in K + concentration will not significantly affect calcilite formation as Si and Al act as the limiting reactants in the reaction by referring to equation 1 above. The presence of numerous mineral peaks in the diffractograms at lower K2CO3 concentrations implies that Si and Al dissolution in kaolin proceeds inefficiently due to a scarcity of K+ ions, resulting in recrystallization of the precursor to form different forms of minerals.

The theoretical result is consistent with the FESEM images showing the average crystal particle size around 300 nm, most likely due to the aggregation of calcilite and bayerite minerals in the crystallite formation. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of calcilite using a kaolinitic rock from Sardinia, Italy and its application in biodiesel production.

Table 1. Main chemical compositions of kaolinite Oxide content in wt.%

ADDITIONAL PHENANTHRENE ALKALOID ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF CRYPTOCARYA NIGRA (LAURACEAE)

An additional phenanthrene type of alkaloid, argentine 1, was thus isolated for the first time from Cryptocarya nigra leaves. Structure of the phenanthrene alkaloid, 2-hydroxyathersperminin 2, atherosperminin 3 and noratherosperminin 4 isolated from the bark and argentinin 1 from the leaves of Cryptocarya nigra. From a taxonomic point of view, it is interesting to note that this is the first report of the isolation of phenanthrene alkaloids from the leaves of Cryptocarya nigra, Lauracaea.

There is a lack of documented research established in reporting the chemical constituent of Cryptocarya nigra leading to this report. Coumarins and flavonoids from leaves of Cryptocarya nigra (Lauraceae) and their cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia P-388 cells.

Figure 1. Structure of phenanthrene alkaloid, 2-hydroxyathersperminine 2, atherosperminine 3, and noratherosperminine 4 isolated from the bark and argentinine 1 from the leaves of Cryptocarya nigra

GAMBIR EXTRACT AS RUST CONVERTER ON PRE-RUSTED STEEL PLATE

DesLauriers concluded that the performances of a rust converter depend more on the properties of the paint/rust system and the amount of rust present than on its ability to form chelates. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of gambiri extract as a rust converter through electrochemical analysis. The rust converter formulations consisted of 10 g of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin (Sigma Aldrich) dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and butyl alcohol at a ratio of 3:1 (v/v), gambier extract as pigment with different loadings and solvents.

Increasing the concentration of gambier allowed for better performance, and further addition of H3PO4 to the formulation increased the rust converter performance. The rust converter converted iron corrosion products into more stable iron compounds so that no further reaction between the rust and the corrosive agents interfered with the steel.

Table 1. The rust converter formulations Percentage (%, v/v)

STUDY OF RINAGO WEAVING AT KAMPUNG INUKIRAN WITH NEW EQUIPMENT DESIGN

The Monungkus group is led by Mr. Hermond, and the members of the group consist only of immediate family members. Prior to the establishment of the Monungkus group, the villagers of Inukiran usually moved alone. One of the main factors for the strength of Rinago weaving is the bark of the Ribu-Ribu tree.

Adjustable bolts are used to adjust the size required for splitting the Ribu-Ribu tree. The proposed Peraut has a fine saw blade on each hole with a different diameter according to the requirements of the product to be produced.

Figure 2: Ribu-Ribu Trees

EDUCATION IN STEM

METACOGNITION INFLUENCES ON PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY AND IMPROVES PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the pre-university students' level of metacognition in physics problem-solving ability and how it influences their performance in final exam results. Analysis of pre-university students' level of metacognition during physics problem solving Table 3 provides the analysis of pre-university students' dimensions of metacognition. This indicates that the students have a moderate knowledge of cognition in physics problem solving.

Analysis of Metacognition of pre-university students in solving physics problems and its impact on their achievements in final exam grades. This study concludes that students' levels of metacognition in solving physics problems have an impact on their grade achievement.

Table 3. The students’ mean and standard deviation values and the level of the dimensions of metacognition given by pre-university students

DESIGNING GAMIFICATION APPLICATION BASED ON USER TYPE

In this article, we propose a method to match HEXAD gamification user types to appropriate game elements. The highest is the Philanthropist at 18.2%, the second highest is Free Spirit at 18%, while the lowest is the Disruptor type at 12.4%. The dominant user type alone is insufficient to distinguish users based on their preferences for game elements.[9].

Therefore, the gamification designer should prioritize socializer game elements, followed by philanthropist and player type. A gamification developer can benefit from user type analysis by learning about the most common user types.

Table 2. Example of HEXAD user type classification User Type Percentag

AN EVALUATION OF CHEMISTRY INSTRUMENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT: A PILOT STUDY (STEM-PPST 2021)

Prior to this study, respondents were given a full description of the concept of instrument building. A Cronbach's alpha using internal reliability was performed to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. From table 1, it can be interpreted that the questions asked were understandable for most of the respondents.

As a result of these observations, it appears that the value of the obtained data is comparable. In addition, these findings highlighted the development potential of the model promising a positive impact to make it a flexible tool as a teaching aid to support the learning environment.

Table 1: Evaluation types of GCMS Model Instrumentation Evaluation Types

IDENTIFYING PREDOMINANT INTELLIGENCE AMONG PRE- UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

The main purpose of this study is therefore to identify which intelligence is significantly associated with the low levels of English proficiency by identifying the predominant intelligence of the low-achieving students. The range from -1 to 1 would indicate the strength of the relationship between the two variables. The interpretation of the strength of relationship between the two variables Value of r Relationship between two variables.

Given that the p-value is less than 0.05, we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference in the strength of the correlation between interpersonal intelligence and the test scores of low achievers. In summary, interpersonal intelligence was identified as the dominant intelligence for low-achieving students of Preparatory Center for Science and Technology, UMS.

Table 1. Classification of High and Low achievers Descriptive Statistics