SHORT COURSE TRAINING REPORT

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SHORT COURSE TRAINING REPORT

EPP – Successful Maintenance and Operation of River of Life Project

(Technical Level)

Prepared By : Hanum Binti Abu Hassan [email protected]

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Polluted river will not only reduce the life those depended on the river but also low economic income to the local citizen. Government aware of this matter. Thus in year 2011, Economic Partnership Program (EPP) 5: River of Life was launched under NKEA Greater KL/KV Economic Transformation Program. This program’s goals is transforming Klang and Gombak Rivers into a vibrant and livable waterfront with high economic value. This program consist three components: river cleaning, river beautification and river development. This project involved 110km river stretch which consist of Klang River, Gombak River, Batu River, Ampang River, Jinjang River, Kerayong River, Keroh River and Bunus River for period of development in 10 years (2011 – 2020).

Department of Irrigation and Drainage was entrusted to lead 29 government agencies in the river cleaning component to achieve water quality index from current class III/V (unsafe for body contact) to class IIB (suitable for body contact and recreational usage) by year 2020 for 110 km Klang River stretch.

Figure 1: River stretch along the Klang River Basin

Legends

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Source: Study on Water Quality Improvement on Hydrological Assessment for the Klang River

Under the river cleaning components thirteen (13) key initiatives were formulated which consist of physical and non-physical program that will cost RM 3.36 billion in order to improve the water quality. The programs planned for river cleaning is in table 1. Since 2011 until 2018, under JPS Key initiatives implementation there were four (4) of sullage water treatment plants (SWTP), thirteen (13) of river water treatment plants (RWTP), twelve (12) of log boom and 365 of gross pollutant trap (GPT) were completed. Water quality index (WQI) were taken in November 2018 resulted the average WQI 65.0 (Class III) and WQI for each point (8 rivers) as tabulated in picture 2 below.

Table 1:Key Initiatives for river cleaning component

Key

Initiative Description Lead Agency

1

Upgrading existing sewerage facilities is the most impactful and important initiative to reduce Klang River pollution – 184.7 KM sewerage pipelines

JPP

2

Existing regional sewage treatment plants must be expanded to cater for future growth – 202 no rationalization Sewerage Treatment Plan (STP),2 no integrated STP

JPP

3

Wastewater treatment plants need to be installed at 5 wet markets to decrease rubbish and pollutants – 10 Wastewater treatment plants

DBKL

4

Install additional gross pollutant traps will improve the river aesthetics and water quality – 588 no GPT

JPS/DBKL

5 Utilize retention ponds to remove pollutants from sewage and sullage – 2 no ponds

JPS

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5 Key

Initiative Description Lead Agency

6

Relocation of squatters will significantly reduce sewage, sullage, and rubbish in the Klang river – 309 no

MB Selangor Office/MPAJ

7

Implement the Drainage and Storm water Management Master Plan to upgrade drainage systems – 15 no RWTP, 8 no SWTP

JPS

8 Systematic hydrological study and rehabilitation of the river are needed for flow control – 1 no study

JPS

9

Promote, enforce, and manage river cleanliness and health – erosion from urban development – Public Outreach Program

JPS

10

Promote, enforce, and manage river cleanliness and health – restaurants, workshops, and other commercial outlets – Public Outreach Program

JKT

11

Promote, enforce, and manage river cleanliness and health – industries that generate wastewater/

effluent – Public Outreach Program

DOE

12

Promote, enforce, and manage river cleanliness – general rubbish disposal – Public Outreach Program

JPSPN/JPS

13

Intercept and Treat Sullage Water for Pollution Reduction Utilizing Combined Storm Water Overflow

DBKL/JPS

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6 Figure 2:Water Quality Index (WQI) for 2018

Source: River Basin Management Division

Before year 2020, the physical projects of 121 km sewerage pipelines, 179 no rationalization of existing STP, 3 no WTP, 1 no integrated STP, 2 no RWTP, 4 no SWTP, river wall detention should be completed to achieve the desired goals.

However, the successful of this program will be depended on the resolving of issues involving social, operation and maintenance expenditure provided and environment.

b. Training Background

The EPP2.0: Successful Operation and Maintenance of River of Life Project course with collaboration Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) was conducted in Osaka, Japan which involved participants from five (5) personnel Management Level and ten (10) personnel Technical Level. The participants were selected from various departments and agencies which directly involve in RoL projects i.e. Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH), Sewerage Service Department (SSD), Selayang Municipal Council (SCC) and Ampang Jaya Municipal Council (AJCC). As for technical level, the training was held on 21 October 2018 until 10 November 2018 at Clear Water Osaka (CWO) training room in Semba Building, Sakaisuji Hommachi. CWO is a private company

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7 that was engaging by Osaka City to do the operation and maintenance of sewerage treatment plant in Osaka City.

The objective of the training is to expose the participants to successful maintenance and operation of river purification projects in Japan that is similar to River of Life Project.

2. CONTENT AND METHODOLOGY a. Training Content

The EPP2.0: Successful Operation and Maintenance of River of Life Project was conducted with lectures (theoretical) and observation (site visit) after the lectures. This training lectures was given not only from various government agencies but also from private companies. The language medium was in Japanese language and translated in English by JICA translator.

In general, the training has exposed the participants to the overall picture of relevant legislations, water purification method, river basin management principal, waste water management and examples of successful river purification projects that is similar to River of Life.

For technical level group the training contents as follows:- i. Lectures On Japan’s History And Culture

ii. Lectures On Outline Of Osaka City Administration (Friend Of Osaka) iii. Lectures On Efforts To Converse Water In Osaka City

iv. Lectures On River Law And Outline Of Basin Management In Japan

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8 v. Observation On Case Study Of Yamato-River: Natural Purification Methods For Rivers, Initiatives For Water Quality Improvement, Automatic Water Quality Monitoring System

vi. Lectures On Aqua Metropolis Osaka

vii. Observation On Operation And Maintenance Of Water Gate Facilities In Dotonbori River

viii. Lectures On Introduction Of Water Usage And Water Quality Purification In Lake Biwa And Yodo River Catchment Area

ix. Observation On Senboku Water Reclamation Centre/Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Facility

x. Lectures On Wastewater Management In Japan/Regulations And Control Guideline Of Industrial Wastewater

xi. Observation On Industrial Effluent Control At Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal

xii. Lectures On Sewerage Law, Sewage Works xiii. Lectures On Public Relation Of Sewerage Works

xiv. Lectures On Effort For River Beautification By Community Participation xv. Observation On Successful Case Of Efforts For River Beautification By

Community Participation

xvi. Observation On Yamadera River Urban Drainage Purification Project (Obagawa Bio Park In Kusatsu, SHIGA)

xvii. Observation On Case Study Of Lake Biwa Museum: Role And Function Of A Museum In Edification To The General Public

xviii. Lectures On Introduction To Sludge Treatment And Its Beneficial Use xix. Lectures On Outline Of Sewage Treatment Plam

xx. Observation On Nakahama Sewage Treatment Plant

xxi. Practical Training On Tsunami And Storm Surge Disaster Prevention Station

xxii. Manufacturers Relevant To Water Quality and Quantity Presentation

Participants also were divided into groups to present an action plan base on issues faced in RoL projects regards to the training contents that can be adapted or adopted directly.

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9 b. Exposure and New Input

The training module is formulated to suit the needs of the participants to improve strategies for River of Life project operate successfully. It was cover from all aspects i.e. law and regulation in compliance, the best design for waste water purification, the storm water management, the operation of plants and the role and cooperation between government agencies, private sector and also local community in order to have a successful of waste water treatment project in Osaka. The aspect that emphasized during the training are:-

i. River law, regulations and control guidelines ii. Method of purifications and its case study iii. Flood Management

iv. River Beautification by Community Participation (Public Relation) 3. LESSONS LEARNT

Based on the lectures and observation, the improvement of water quality only can be succeeded if all relevant sector work together; governments, private and community. It shall be succeeded if there were also an allocation for operational and maintenance cost for effective and efficient performance in long time. I learnt that even though Osaka City have strict legislative, but they never give the punishment yet. The local government will give guidance till the industries meet the Environment Quality Standard (EQS) which shows that local government is not practising punitive culture. But most amazing, the industries give cooperation and support to get better quality of waste water discharge from their buildings by installing the suitable facility.

In Osaka, Public Work Bureau will set the spot check to the industry for the water quality effluent enforcement at the industries’ treatment plant.

Besides that, in selecting method of purification, there are several factors should be consider that are contents of the fluid, location, cost acquisition, operation and maintenance cost. The most effective method of purification for sewerage influent is membrane bio reactor (MBR) yet more expensive than others method.

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10 During the observation at the outlet plant which used the MBR, there were carp fish.

This shows that effluent of sewerage using MBR is very clean as fish can live in the effluent tank. As practice in Japan, before decided installation of the type of purification, the designer company will make the model (in a smaller scale) as proposed and run for a year to get the result. After a year, the result will help them to select the best facility.

For the charges of water supply and sewerage services to the public, Osaka City put them in the same bill. Compare to us, the bill charges is different. The volume of water supply is equal to volume discharge (Sewerage). For the development of the treatment plant, the expenditures are using citizen tax money.

Japan is very transparent, each yen they spend, they will inform to the citizen without fail. Japan also practice in the expectation of know-how of the private sector and the strengthening of the cooperation with the local community, the promenade management business is publicly sought and selected by the selection board consisting of academics. The private sector is responsible to manage, operate, maintain and ensure the security of the advanced developed place of waterfront.

This will help the government sector gain the revenue.

Meanwhile, in raising public awareness the implementation of adopting river among the community live nearby the river. Most of the community are pensioner. They will clean and cut the bushes along the river. The most interesting part is the community did the jobs without funded by the government. They are voluntarily! This program is continuously and consistently.

4. SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the course learnt, I would like to suggest some improvements that might be considered by the relevant parties to ensure the River of Life success and meaningful as follows:-

a. Enforcement of Law, Regulations and Guidelines

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11 i. A study on revising the law, regulations and guidelines shall be

done by benchmarking other countries that have shown the successes of the same program

ii. A guideline for the type of minimum facility to be installed at the premises shall be introduced

iii. Instead of giving the punishment, the relevant agencies shall give a guidance to the industries/premises that did for the first or second offense

b. Implementation of the proper design purification method/ technologies i. Osaka City Government have implemented almost 97%

combine storm water and sewerage water drainage in a one pipeline underground and treated both source. Hence, the size of the sewer is very extensive. However, Japan can manage the system cause the highest intensity rate of the rainfall per hour in Osaka was only 77.5mm/h rather than Kuala Lumpur that ever recorded in 120.5mm/h (Nov 2018). Therefore, a feasibility study have to carry out first whether this design is practical, economic and suitable to be done.

ii. To select the best purification method, Japan practice an experiment of the proposed method in a smaller scale for one year to collect the data. They only implemented the method if the experiment is succeed. We have to practice this too to avoid system failure after project completed. Hence there will no lost to government.

c. Gain revenue to the government

i. To ensure the living river and business income to the citizen, it is highly proposed to create waterfront business facing the river such as Dotonbori River Waterfront. Boating cruise along the river will also attract the tourist to enjoy the scenery with colourful lights from the shop lots at night.

ii. For management, operation and maintenance of the waterfront, we might offering to the private company. This will give

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12 advantage to government in reducing the operational and maintenance cost.

iii. As in Osaka City, they fully utilised the sewerage/waste water.

The water they recycled for gardening use, cooling system for industries etc. Meanwhile, the sludge they used for fertilizer, biogas, backfilling material, foundation material for pipes, solid fuel etc. This is opportunity for us to look back the usage of the waste.

d. Do the operation and maintenance periodically

i. All this while, Klang River experienced high volume in floating rubbish and also sludge and siltation. Consequences of this problem, the components performance in the plants reduce day by day. There are also mechanical & electrical components breakdown as periodic maintenance cannot be done due to constraints of operational expenditure. Operational and maintenance of the plant should be done periodically. As in Osaka, they will collect the rubbish every week. Meanwhile for desludging/ desilting, they will do every two (2) weeks.

e. Gain awareness of the public

i. In Osaka City, they have introduced an adopting river program to the community live nearby. We have done it before in program One State One River under Malaysia 9^th and 10^th Plan.

But due to budgetary constraint, the program was abandoned.

Therefore, a way to attract the public to join the program of adopting river in a minimum cost involve need to think.

ii. In my observation, I found that each plants/ projects, the Osaka City government will display the information board that shows the layout plan of the system, history of the area and also about the proses projects. It is very informative to the public to gain the awareness. This could be implemented in our country.

iii. As Malays proverbs to bend a bamboo, start when it is a shoot can be seen in Japanese education primary school syllabus for

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13 three (3) years. They give the awareness and fertilize the attitude of cleanliness and love the green since kids. We shall adapt these. We shall introduce the environmental syllabus in primary school in order to shape the good attitude.

5. CONCLUSION

Japan had also experienced severe environmental issues due to rapid industrial revolution in year 1970’s and the population in the basin increased rapidly from year 1960 – 1990s. These pollution created bad consequences to Citizen such as Itai-Itai diseases, Minamata disease and also Kinemi disease. However, Japan has realized of this and has taken action in improvement of the law, regulation and guidelines, to improvement of method of purification and new technology, cooperation from private sector, and gain public awareness.

As the result, nowadays they have improve a lot on the environment and water quality from the countermeasures taken. Recently, there are also Sewerage/

Sewage treatment plants that need to be shut downed because of the quality of their river has reached the best quality level of Japan Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) such as Yamadera River Urban Drainage Purification Facility and Onchigawa River Treatment Plant. Their efforts since over 40 years ago only can be succeeded when there were continuous enforcement, design of treatment facility at the each source point is right, maintenance of the system regularly, and also high awareness

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14 from all the private sector and citizens. Same goes to Malaysia, all the above factor should be took into account to achieve the successful of River of Life Project.

6. ATTACHMENT (ANNEX)

Figure 3: Observation on Case Study Yamatogawa River of Purification Method

Figure 4: Signboard that show the process of stormwater treatment plant at Yamadera River Treatment Plant

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15 Figure 5:Explanation Of Contact Oxidation Used At Hanazono Retarding Basin

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16 Figure 6:Onshigawa Community Adopt River Program

Figure 7: Business Along The Dotonbori

River

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17 Figure 8: Information about the river along

the Dotonbori River

Figure 9: One of Attractive Manhole Cover

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19 Figure 10: Membrane Bio Reactor One of

Purification Method

Figure 11:Type Of Media Used For

Activated Sludge Purification Method

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20 Figure 12: Natural Purification method at Yamatogawa river

Figure 13: The Osaka City Officer was showing the method they used during inspection of effluent water quality at the industry

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21 Figure 14:

Obser vation at Nippo n Steel Sumit omo Industr y

Figure 15:

Obser vation at Sakai STP

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22 Figure 16: During Presentation of Action Plan (Operation & Maintenance of RWTP -

Group 4)

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23 Figure 17: Group Photo after Closing Ceremony

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24 Figure 18: Certificate of Completion

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ありがとう

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SHORT COURSE TRAINING REPORT