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SOCIO-ECONOMIC MAPPING OF URBAN VILLAGE I ILIR, PALEMBANG, SOUTH SUMATERA
Dewi Trirahayu1, Dewi Kurniawati2, Muhammad Rubiul Yatim3, Iha Haryani Hatta4, Nurul Hilmiyah5*
1,2,3,4,5
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Pancasila, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: nurulhilmiyah@univpancasila.ac.id Accepted: 15 January 2020 | Published: 30 January 2020
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Abstract: CSR programs are appropriate for an area and its community if they are in accordance with local conditions and the needs of the community. Therefore, a study is needed that aims to map the conditions of the region and the needs of the community as a material for CSR programs in improving the socio-economic sector of the Urban Village 1 Ilir Palembang South Sumatra. Analysis of the data used is SWOT. The study used 39 respondents who were selected purposively. The results of the study explained that there were eight problems in the community based on urgency, namely health, welfare, environment, education, MSME, facilities and infrastructure, social services and services of urban village officials. Based on the SWOT analysis, CSR program recommendations were obtained for the handling of social and economic problems in the region and community in the Urban Village 1 Ilir, Palembang, South Sumatra.
Keywords: Socio-economic issues, SWOT Analysis, CSR Programs, Socio-Economic Mapping
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1. Introduction
Based on Law no 18 of 2007 concerning Limited Corporation in article 74 regarding Social and Environmental Responsibility, the details of which are regulated in Government Regulation no. 47 of 2012, companies are required to carry out Social and Environmental Responsibility. For its implementation, the company runs a CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) program with a predetermined budget. In order for the CSR program to have a significant impact on society, the environment, not to cause jealousy and conflict between stakeholders and or companies, it must be based on the adequate and accountable social mapping.
Social mapping will recognize stakeholders (individuals, groups, organizations), forums and mechanisms for discussion of public interests, potential areas, vulnerable communities, social problems, and others. Social mapping is also able to provide a more transparent, specific, measurable picture and is able to explore community needs in a participatory manner. This social mapping document is the main reference for the preparation of the company’s strategic plan and CSR program. The social problems and conflicts above can be prevented and reduced if the company conducts CSR programs that are based on a commitment to grow together with the community. Besides that, it continues to encourage community involvement
2 and initiative in developing, implementing and evaluating the company’s CSR programs, so that the company’s CSR programs are able to make the community independent.
One of the objectives of social mapping is to explore information related to problems, potentials and needs in the community (social, cultural, economic and political), but the real purpose of social mapping is more than that, namely, how people become aware of the problems being faced, the community knows about its potential, and understand its needs.
The next objective is to make the community motivated to carry out self-development/action to optimize their potential to solve the problem.
The results of social mapping in the form of a map of the area that has been formatted in such a way as to produce an image of the concentration of community characteristics or social problems. The general map of a location illustrates the condition of the community and the physical environment so that it can be used to analyze and explore with the community to bring up certain topics and themes. Through SWOT analysis it can be seen the urgency of solving social problems.
The Urban Village 1 Ilir is part of the Ilir Timur II Subdistrict, Palembang. Ilir Timur II Subdistrict, Palembang has an area of 1,082 hectares and a population of 86,364 inhabitants.
Urban Village 1 Ilir, Subdistrict Ilir Timur II is an urban village located only 8.5 Km from PT. Pupuk Sriwijaya Palembang. Since Urban Village 1 Ilir in Ilir Timur II Subdistrict is also a coastal area of Palembang City, it is necessary to develop the potential of the community.
So, it is necessary to know the socio-economic mapping of the community in the urban village to get the right approach through CSR programs that must be carried out by a company.
From researches that have been conducted on Social-Economic Mapping using SWOT Analysis, among others, by Haryani (2018), that Social-Economic Mapping in Industrial Regions is carried out using SWOT. Sutikno, et al (2018) stated that the SWOT analysis can produce a strategy to map social and economy in the area around the ITS campus. The results of the research by Firdaus, Pelupessy, and Tampubolon (2016) stated that the SWOT analysis can determine the strategy for solving problems in the Banda Neira Islands, Central Maluku Regency. Likewise, the research by Rachman and Riwayati (2018) stated that the SWOT Analysis can plan the development of a Modern Fish Market Area in Muara Beliti Subdistrict.
Based on the explanation above, it is very important to conduct research on the Socio- Economic Mapping of the Urban Village 1 Ilir, Palembang, South Sumatra for the purposes of:: Compiling a picture or condition of the region and the community in the Urban Village 1 Ilir neighborhood about geography, demography, psychography, economic and social culture of the community, as well as the existence of a work plan for CSR activities in accordance with the conditions of the region and the community of Urban Village Ilir 1.
2. Theoretical Basis
According to Dilham and Putra (2016), socio-economic mapping can see the extent of the characteristics of the socio-economic capabilities of the community. Social mapping is also able to provide a more transparent, specific, measurable picture and is able to explore community needs in a participatory manner. According to Moerad, et al (2014), the social
3 mapping will recognize stakeholders (individuals, groups, organizations), forums and mechanisms for discussion of public interests, potential areas, vulnerable communities, social problems and others. According to Rudito and Famiola, (2013), social mapping also includes mapping of social networks to describe social relations between households or members of groups or communities observed. But actually, the purpose of social mapping is more than that, but also to make the community aware of the problem being faced, the community knows its potential and understands its needs and the community is motivated to carry out self-development/action to optimize its potential to solve the problem.
According to Fahmi and Zaimuddin (2015), social mapping is used as an approach to handling social problems. The scope of social mapping includes describing an area of its geographical, demographic, psychographic, and socio-cultural conditions. Geographical conditions include area, population growth, road facilities, village infrastructure, land structure, and settlement density. Meanwhile, demographic conditions in the form of population composition are based on age, sex, education, livelihood, income level, birth rate, death rate and migration. Meanwhile, psychographic conditions include lifestyle, social behavior, social activities, and community interest. Socio-cultural conditions are in the form of social strata of society, family cultural characteristics, the value of social interaction, social groups, and social institutions.
3. Methodology
This type of study is qualitative descriptive with key informants and surveys. The target respondents of this study are the community components consisting of Urban Village Heads /Village Heads, Heads of Neighborhood (RT), Heads of Hamlets (RW), Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK), Youth Organization (Karang Taruna), and Village Community Resilience Institute (LKMD), and the community. The data source of this study consisted of primary (interview) and secondary (Central Bureau of Statistics, subdistrict). Data collection was carried out with key informant interviews and mini-surveys. After data collection, data was inputted to a computer system in the form of Excel and analyzed by SWOT. The results of data processing were in the form of a profile description and respondents’ perception.
This study uses a SWOT analysis in which this analysis is an acronym of the initial letters, namely strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This method is useful for looking at a topic or problem from 4 different sides. The results of this analysis are directions/recommendations for maintaining strength and adding to the benefits of existing opportunities while reducing shortages and avoiding or facing existing threats. This analysis is descriptive.
4. Results and Discussion.
The geographical condition of Urban Village 1 Ilir is bordered by Sungai Buah Urban Village in the north, an industrial area in the east, Musi River in the south and Urban Village 3 Ilir in the west. The area has a historical legacy, the Sultan Agung Mosque, which contains the tomb of Sultan Agung Komarudin Sri Teruno, the Sultan of Palembang, who served in 1714- 1724. The area of Urban Village 1 Ilir is 300 hectares, where most (93.53%) of the land is allocated for settlement. Based on the 2017 Palembang PU SDA White Book, the Urban Village 1 Ilir is a lowland area but the land height is still higher than the sea level and is hot (25-35 degrees Celsius). The location of the area is close to the Subdistrict Government
4 Office and the Provincial Capital. Access to Urban Village 1 Ilir is also easy to reach because the road conditions are quite good.
The population of Urban Village 1 Ilir is more adults than the elderly population and children. The total adult population is 3,957 people (64.14%) and 674 people (10.92%) aged 65 years and over. While the population of children is 1,538 (24.94%). The education of the population of Urban Village 1 Ilir is adequate, 79.85% of the population has high school education, even 1.06% of them have higher education, the rest of the population only graduated from Junior High School (6.99%) and those who graduated from Elementary School (12.1%). But of all the residents in this Urban Village, only 618 (11.96%) are employed. Their occupation includes civil servants, employees of state-owned enterprises, private employees, and others. Most of the population (84.95%) do not work as civil servants, employees of state-owned enterprises and private employees. Although there are only a few people who have jobs, the household condition of Urban Village 1 Ilir is quite adequate as seen from people’s homes that have electricity, clean water, wall foundations, tile floors and tiled roofs, and people also have television sets and gadgets. Urban Village Head has great power in the community of Urban Village 1 Ilir and the community also has a high interest in the village head including meetings, services and needs.
A sustainable livelihood framework provides guidance to identify potential human resources, natural resources, social resources (social capital), financial support facilities (financial capital) and the condition of public infrastructure. This study found that Urban Village 1 Ilir has the potential of human resources, namely a large number of human resources, their human resources have sufficient education and skills. Potential natural resources in Urban Village 1 Ilir are marine products, and the river in Urban Village 1 Ilir can be utilized for the welfare of the community. When viewed in terms of social resources, the Urban Village 1 Ilir community actively runs, develops, and manages social activities and the community’s environment is controlled and far from immoral behavior. In terms of financial support facilities, it is found that around Urban Village 1 Ilir there are many industries, the community has also carried out community self-help activities, and harmony between Palembang families is strong. In addition, the maintenance and management of public infrastructure in the Ilir Urban Village 1 neighborhood are quite good.
This SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) is to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of the community and the Urban Village 1 Ilir area.
Table 1: SWOT Analysis of Urban Village 1 Ilir
No. Variable Description
1. Strengths There is a historical heritage, the Sultan Agung Mosque
Human Resources are quite a lot at a productive age
Education and community abilities are quite good
Palembang Family Harmony
Many industries around the Urban Village environment 2. Weaknesses There are still residents who are below the poverty line
There are still residents who drop out of school
There is still a lack of buildings for education and the conditions of existing school buildings are not good
The services provided by the apparatus to the public are inadequate
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3. Threats The location of Urban Village is relatively far from the center of the provincial government
Elementary, junior and senior high school education, both public and private, is not enough
Religious-based educational institutions such as Tsanawiyah and Aliyah are not available
The sea/beach has been polluted by factory waste and air pollution
Flood and Trash
The seashore/sea is dirty and smells bad.
Lack of clean water
Many migrants have a bad attitude that does not care about the environment 4. Opportunities There are many industries around Urban Village as an opportunity to get jobs
for the community that can improve the welfare
There are some historical relics so that they can become tourist attractions
The well-maintained infrastructure that can facilitate government and community transportation
Source: Data Processing Results
This study found that there were eight problems in Urban Village 1 Ilir and sorted by urgency, namely health, welfare, environment, education, underdeveloped MSMEs, facilities and infrastructure and services from the village government were not optimal. These eight problems can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2: Identification of Problems in Urban Village 1 Ilir
No. Problems Description
1. Health Problems: Respiratory tract infections
Dengue fever
Mass circumcision
Cataract
2. Welfare Problems: Many poor families
Many people are unemployed
Marine products have not been optimal to support community welfare
3. Environmental Problems: Air pollution
Flood
Garbage
The seashore/sea is dirty and smells bad.
Lack of clean water
There are still residents who defecate in rivers and ditches 4. Educational Problems: Dropouts
HR capabilities and skills are inadequate 5. Problems with the
underdevelopment of MSMEs:
Difficult access to capital
Lack of network marketing
Underdeveloped MSMEs of marine products processing
There are no featured MSME products in this Urban Village 6. Facility and Infrastructure
Problems:
There is no green open space yet
There is no meeting hall owned by an urban village
There is no public complaint box
There is no landfill in the urban village
There is no garbage motor for the neighborhood
There is no drainage and retention pond
There are no disaster management facilities 7. Social Problems: Juvenile delinquency
Lack of youth character building
The community is less concerned about the environment
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The migrants are less concerned about the environment 8. Problems with the Services
of Urban Village Apparatus:
There is no transparency of CSR funds
Lack of youth character building
The ability of the apparatus in serving the community is inadequate Source: Data Processing Results
CSR programs in Urban Village 1 Ilir have been widely implemented. The implementation of CSR programs is felt by the community in three ways, namely: incidental (only once), gradual, and sustainable. Meanwhile, the company’s CSR program can be assessed by residents in three stages, namely the stages of knowing, recognizing, and being accepted.
Analysis of CSR programs is based on stages, namely First, Knowing Stages, in the form of short-term assistance programs that have a positive impact, namely imaging. Second, Recognizing Stage, in the form of community empowerment in order to improve the standard of living and social community. Third, Stage of Being Accepted, which is the stage when each short-term assistance program (stage 1) along with community empowerment (stage 2) have been effective and has improved the welfare of the community.
Based on SWOT analysis and problem ranking analysis, the urgency of problem-solving and CSR program recommendations for Urban Village 1 Ilir can be seen in table 3.
Table 3 : Urgency of Problem Solving and Program Recommendations for Urban Village 1 Ilir The urgency of
Problem Solving
Problems and conditions CSR Program Recommendations 1. Health Problems:
Respiratory tract infections
Dengue fever
Mass circumcision
Cataract
Handling of health problems:
Free medication program is highly needed
Mass circumcision
Company-sponsored cataract surgery assistance
Counseling to prevent dangerous diseases
Fogging 2. Welfare Problems:
Many poor families
Many people are unemployed
Marine products have not been optimal to support community welfare
Handling of welfare problems:
The company implements food relief (nine basic staple food) program
Urban village apparatus, in collaboration with companies, sell cheap food (nine basic staple food) packages
Training in optimizing marine products
Vocational training for young people of working age
Compensation for poor families 3. Environmental Problems:
Air pollution
Flood
Garbage
The seashore/sea is dirty and smells bad.
Lack of clean water
There are still residents who defecate in rivers and ditches
Handling of environmental problems in the form of:
Water pump assistance from the company
The company minimizes pollution and disposal of factory waste to the sea
Mutual cooperation program for environmental hygiene and health
4. Educational Problems:
Dropouts
HR capabilities and skills are inadequate
Handling of education problems:
Educational scholarship from the company
High school equivalency assistance for dropouts
Vocational training for young people and residents of
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working age
5. Problems with the
underdevelopment of MSMEs:
Difficult access to capital
Lack of network marketing
Underdeveloped MSMEs of marine products processing
There are no featured MSME products in this Urban Village
Handling of MSME problems:
Working capital or investment assistance from a company
Training to motivate MSMEs
Assistance from corporate sponsors for bazaars and exhibitions
6. Facility and Infrastructure Problems:
There is no green open space yet
There is no meeting hall owned by an urban village
There is no public complaint box
There is no landfill in the urban village
There is no garbage motor for the neighborhood
There is no drainage and retention pond
There are no disaster management facilities
Handling of facility and infrastructure problems:
Self-sufficient community and assistance from surrounding companies
Building assistance for social activities
Self-sufficient community and assistance from companies to renovate the dam so that the river flows smoothly
Wastewater treatment plant assistance from surrounding companies
Provision of wheelbarrows by the company
Company support in the form of:
Septic tank
Environmental and river cleaning tools
7. Social Problems:
Juvenile delinquency
Lack of youth character building
The community is less concerned about the environment
The migrants are less concerned about the environment
Handling of social problems:
Support in preserving Sarofal Anam
Provide social education with religious value to youth and the community
Uphold mutual cooperation
Making community meetings a routine activity
8. Problems with the Services of Urban Village Apparatus:
There is no transparency of CSR funds
Lack of youth character building
The ability of the apparatus in serving the community is inadequate
Handling problems with Urban Village apparatus services:
There is a need for socialization to the community if Urban Village receives CSR funding from the company
Training and development for urban village apparatus
Youth training and development and strengthening the position of youth in the community
Source: Data Processing Results
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Socially, the Head of Urban Village is a person who has great power and a high interest in the community of Urban Village 1 Ilir. Economically, although there are still only a few who have jobs, the life of the community is relatively good, namely having a walled, ceramic-tiled house, having a tile roof, using electricity, clean water, and having television sets and gadgets. The socio-economic life of Urban Village 1 Ilir can be improved by looking at the strengths and potentials that exist, namely the historical relics of the Sultan Agung Mosque,
8 considerable human resources at working age, relatively good education and community abilities, a harmony of the Palembang family and many industries around Urban Village 1 Ilir neighbourhood. Many CSR programs have been carried out in Urban Village 1 Ilir but the impact on the community has not been felt because the activities are mostly incidental.
Based on urgency, there are eight problem areas that are being faced in Urban Village 1 Ilir, namely health, welfare, environment, education, MSME, facilities and infrastructure, social problems and services of the village apparatus. The mapping of assistance needed by the community from company CSR based on existing problems in the Urban Village 1 Ilir community needs to be carried out. The Head of the Urban Village as the local government must be able to coordinate and liaise with the industries around Urban Village 1 Ilir in order to map assistance to the community from company CSR. So that the mapping of the company CSR can equalize the socio-economic welfare of the Urban Village 1 Ilir community.
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