TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, MOTIVATION AND WORK LIFE BALANCE AMONG NURSES IN ISLAMIC
PERSPECTIVE.
Bahaaeldin Ahmed Tabeel a1, Khairunneezam Mohd Noor b2, Ibrahim Fahad Sulaiman c3
PhD student, Faculty of Leadership and Management, Universiti Sains (a)
slam Malaysia. Gaza Strip, Palestine.
I
(b) Faculty of Leadership and Management, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia.
Malaysia.
Faculty of Leadership and Management, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia.
(c)
Malaysia.
(1) [email protected] (corresponding email) (2) [email protected]
Abstract
This paper aims to shed light on the study variables (transformational leadership, motivation, and work-life balance) and bind them to Islamic thought by presenting Islamic administrative tools. Next, spot the light on the historical Islamic role to the nursing function and compare with rise modern nursing concept. Moreover, identifying the difference between Al-Naqli and Al-Aqli, where Al-Naqli represents the Quran (Words of Allah) and Sunnah (the saying and action of the Prophet Muhammad) and Al- Aqli conforms to contemporary theories. Finally, conclusions were presented to enhance Islamic thoughts and identity.
Key words: Transformational Leadership, Work Life Balance, Motivation, Nurses and Islam Perspective.
INTRODUCTION
Nursing job recognized as humanitarian profession and nurses known as angels of mercy who works with a watchful eye to preserve patients' lives and provide great services to the
community and overall health care system (Stokes-Parish et al., 2020). Unfortunately, globally nursing job classified as a difficult and arduous profession with occupational stress (Marie G & Maiya, 2020). Therefore, it is essential to contend the Islamic administrative perspective and link it with nursing profession to embarked creative solutions particularly in light of generalization to Islamic countries and others.
NURSING IN ISLAM
Islam has taken care of the human being, as it considers human to be Allah successor on earth. Islam religion emerged preservation of human life is the first item of the five necessities in Islam or called Maqasid Sharia (Syah, 2021).
Nursing job came to achieve life preservation approach, which has deep roots in Islam, which began in the time of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him (P.B.U.H) under supervision of Rufaida Al-Asalmiya with a group of Muslim women who served and treated injured Muslim warriors’ during holy wars and peace times (Aldossary et al., 2008; AlYami & Watson, 2014).
One the other hand, in recent time Florence Nightingale, British nurse remembered as a pioneer of modern nursing in western countries, she came to prominence while serving as a nurse during the Crimean war (1854-1856), where she tended to wounded soldiers (Karimi & Alavi, 2015). Therefore, Islam took the lead in recognizing nursing job in the world, while in Western countries, almost a century and half ago recognized the nursing concept.
WORK LIFE BALANCE IN ISLAM
Muslims distinguished by optimal balance and moderation in everything, this reflects the Islamic civilization by uprising the deep critical thinking that Islam is not a priesthood religion limited to worship, but it is an integrated religion including an equilibrium in financial and family transactions and other life aspects. It is obvious from the Holy Quran and Hadith instructions and
prohibitions that well organize life and work. Allah described in the Quran (Surat Al-Baqara, 143) the Muslims as moderation nation, this gives Muslims leadership responsibility advantage towards other nations (Kilani, 2020). The Quran showed that Islam have been encouraging individuals toward balance between work perfection in one hand, but in the other hand, individuals must take the opportunity for other obligations, whether worship or otherwise, which are all at the core of Islam (Surat Tabarak, 15).
MOTIVATION IN ISLAM
Motivation defined in Islamic view as encouraging individuals to achieve organizational goals based on Islamic religion rules that lead the soul to a state of peace and calm that inspires people to practice faith and strive to achieve Allah blessing in this world and afterworld. Meanwhile, Islamic motivation categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Aflah et al., 2021). Motivation among Muslims widely used and well known in their religion and culture, Where Muslim employees are characterized by hard workers with an exceptional energy at work because the work, they do is apart of worshiping. Muslims firmly believe the reward for good deeds (Halal) is not limited to this world alone but extends to the hereafter as well. Similarly, the punishment for misbehavior (Haram) is not tied to this life but it certainly imposed after death (Bhatti et al., 2016). As a result, concerning in spiritual aspects distinguishing motivation in Islamic thoughts and has been neglected from contemporary Western theories (Astuti et al., 2020).
Besides, management scholars did not agree on a specific motivation theory, these theories have many difference and similarities (Acquah et al., 2021).
In this regards, Islamic perspectives raised basic motivation tools based on Islamic religion like Iman (faith), Taqwa (fear of Allah), Tawbah (encouraging people to regret from bad deeds), Ihsan (Allah presence), justice, Shura (brain storming) and
freedom thoughts and maintaining honesty (Amin & Mohiuddin, 2016).
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN ISLAM
There is no doubt that prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) is the first transformational leader in mankind history who change an ancient pre-Islamic (AL Jahiliya) values and convictions into the behaviors and principles of Islam, even though it was not well-known in modern theories until Bass draws TFL dimensions and scales, but Islamic principles are very closed to 4I's dimensions It is clearly shown through the following items:
Firstly, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) represents the role model and the ideal of the Islamic nation which applies idealized influence concept, supported by Allah saying in the holy Quran in (Surah Al- Ahzab, 21)
(ا ٗريِثَك َ َّللَّٱ َرَكَذ َو َر ِخٓ ۡلۡٱ َم ۡوَيۡلٱ َو َ َّللَّٱ ْاوُج ۡرَي َناَك نَمِ ل ٞةَنَسَح ٌة َو ۡسُأ ِ َّللَّٱ ِلوُس َر يِف ۡمُكَل َناَك ۡدَقَّل)
(There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allāh an excellent pattern [1192] for anyone whose hope is in Allāh and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allāh often).
Moreover, the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) character distinguished by dignity, respect and esteem, his ethics look like Quran (S. Ahmed et al., 2018). Importantly, the 4 Caliphs namely (Abu Bakar, Omar, Othman and Ali) and other successors practiced their TFL leadership style depending on the Quran and Sunna of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) represented of the speeches and deeds, this guarantees palmy days opening the doors of success for Muslim predecessors (Trmal et al., 2015).
Secondly, inspirational motivation describes the ability of transformational leaders to build bridges of trust, generate enthusiasm between leaders and individuals and motivate the followers toward achieving goals and sharing future plans (Alotaibi, 2016). Amoudi & Al-Ibrahim, (2019) stated many forms of Islamic inspirational motivation such as granting encouragement
nicknames like the Saif Allah Almasloul (Allah swords) to Khalid ibn Al-Walid and Alsadiq (honest) to Abu Bakar. Next, motivation by smiling, showing appreciation and respect, Duea (invocation) for followers, promoting team spirt and monetary (Amoudi & Al- Ibrahim, 2019).
Thirdly, intellectual stimulation simply demonstrates leader capability of being influential over ideals and enjoy with the highest level of morals. As a result, the leader is revered, respected, and trusted by his or her followers, who wish to emulate the transformational leader (Ngaithe et al., 2016). Prophetic TFL style employed in brain storming or mutual consultation (Shura) between prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and Sahaba in many points for instance Greater Badr Battle towards infidel prisoners (Abu Amir, 2005) another scene in to digging trench suggestion from Salman Al-Farsi (Ahmed, 2015). Moreover, Shura approach have been promoted in the Quran Allah says in (Surah Āl-‘Imrān, 21).
(So by mercy from Allāh, [O Muḥammad], you were lenient with them. And if you had been rude [in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from about you. So, pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the matter. And when you have decided, then rely upon Allāh. Indeed, Allāh loves those who rely).
َظيِلَغ اًّظَف َتنُك ۡوَل َو ۡۖۡمُهَل َتنِل ِ َّللَّٱ َنِ م ٖةَم ۡح َر اَمِبَف(
ۡمُه ۡرِواَش َو ۡمُهَل ۡرِفۡغَت ۡسٱ َو ۡمُهۡنَع ُف ۡعٱَف َۡۖكِل ۡوَح ۡنِم ْاوُّضَفنَلَ ِبۡلَقۡلٱ ۡلٱ ُّب ِحُي َ َّللَّٱ َّنِإ َِِّۚللَّٱ ىَلَع ۡلَّك َوَتَف َت ۡم َزَع اَذِإَف ِۡۖر ۡمَ ۡلۡٱ يِف )َنيِلِ ك َوَتُم
Fourthly, individualized consideration reflects leaders paying close attention to their followers, treating them as important individuals in the organizations, discovering their needs and listening to their ideas and suggestions (Chebon et al., 2019).
The Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) applied this concept in three steps, namely, identifying the capabilities of surrounding
individuals and paying attention to individual differences.
Seconded step is determining strengths and weaknesses points for individuals' capabilities. Final step is recruiting each person in appropriate position according to his skill, energy and capabilities, observed by the employment of Khalid ibn Al-Walid as a commander for his strength and dismissal of Abu Dhar Al-Ghafari for his weakness, the employ Bilal bin Rabah as the muezzin (announces for the time of prayer) for his voice beauty, and the goodness of the appointment of (Muadh Ibn-Jabal) as a judge for his deep knowledge (Ahmed et al., 2018).
CONCLUSIONS
This paper focused on the Islamic perspectives of various management concepts such as (transformational leadership, motivation, and work-life balance) on nursing job. It is asserted that policy makers and stake holders in Islamic countries must provide special attention to transformational leadership field to create Islamic leaders to guarantee sustainability and durability organizational works. Furthermore, preparing other studies aimed at benefiting from the experiences of the four caliphs or other great leaders such as (Salah Al-Din A-Ayyubi and Khalid ibn al-Walid) in applying the following concepts (transformational leadership, motivation, and work-life balance). Finally, there are a necessity to extract theories and principles from an Islamic perspective to serve humanity, especially in (transformational leadership, motivation, and work-life balance) and trying to bind these concepts with a noble profession such as nursing job. Forthcoming researches should deal with this deficiency.
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