UN00102 Mandarin Language Level 1

姓名

Name

：___________________________

组别

Section

：___________________________

编号

Matrix No.

：___________________________

UN00102

Mandarin Language

Level 1

-

目录

1 汉语语音 Phonetics of Chinese ---1-6

2 汉字 Chinese Characters --- 7-9

3 数字 Numbers --- 10

4 日常用语 Daily Conversations --- 11-14

CONTENT

UN00102 Mandarin Language Level 1

THE PHONETICS OF CHINESE

汉语语音

In general, one Chinese character corresponds to one syllable.

For example, the character

“ 你 ^”

(you) has the following pinyin

：“

nǐ

”

.

The components of Pinyin

：

A Chinese syllable is made up of three parts:

1. An initial

声

^shēnɡ

母

^mǔ (the consonantal beginning of a syllable) 2. A final

韵

^yùn

母

^mǔ (the part of the syllable excluding the initial) 3. A tone ^shēnɡ

声 调

^diào (4 tones and a neutral tone)

Point of articulation

（发音部位）：

你

This is Pinyin

This is a character

nǐ

Initial

Final

Tone

nǐ

Initial Final

Tone

Pinyin

+ =

eg. n + ǐ = nǐ

1. Upper Lip

（ 上

^shànɡ

唇

^chún

^）

2. Upper Teeth

（ 上

^shànɡ

齿

^chǐ

^）

3. Tooth Ridge

（ 牙

^{yá chuánɡ}

床 ^）

4. Hard Palate

（ 硬

^yìnɡ

腭

^è

^）

5. Soft Palate

（ 软

^ruǎn

腭

^è

^）

6. Lower Lip

（ 下

^xià

唇

^chún

^）

7. Lower Teeth

（ 下

^xià

齿

^chǐ

^）

8. Tip of Tongue

（ 舌

^shé

尖

^jiān

^）

9. Blade of Tongue

（ 舌

^shé

面

^miàn

^）

10. Root of Tongue

（ 舌

^shé

根

^ɡēn

^）

Initials:

There are 21 initials in Chinese Pinyin.

a) Simple Initials Labials

（

唇

chún

音

^yīn

）

—

read with the helping vowel “o”

b p m f

Bilabial Upper teeth, lower lip Tongue tip sounds

（

舌

shé

尖

^jiānzhōnɡ

中 音

^yīn

）—

read with the helping vowel “e”

d t n l

Tip of tongue, tooth ridge Tongue root sounds

（

舌

shé

面

^miàn

后

^hòu

音

^yīn

）—

read with the helping vowel “e”

g k h

Root of tongue, soft palate b) Palatal Initials Tongue blade sounds

（

舌

shé

面

^miàn

前

^qián

音

^yīn

）—

read with the helping vowel “i”

j q x

Blade of tongue and hard palate c) Retroflex Initials Retroflex sounds

（

舌

shé

尖

^jiān

后

^hòu

音

^yīn

）—

read with the helping vowel “i”

zh ch sh r

Retroflex and hard palate

d) Sibilants Initials Tongue tip sounds

（ 舌

^shé

尖

^jiān

前

^qián

音

^yīn

）—

read with the helping vowel “i”

z c s

Tip of tongue, behind the upper front teeth

Finals:

The final follows the initial in a syllable. They are divided into three parts: simple finals (vowels), compound finals, and nasal finals. The pronunciation of a final sound is determined on the basis of the following factors:

1. The degree of tongue rising.

2. The position of the tongue.

3. The shape of the lips.

a) Simple Finals Descriptions of articulation

Shape of mouth Tongue position a Mouth is wide open, lips

unrounded Central, low

o The opening of the mouth is

medium, lips rounded Back, middle

e The opening of the mouth is

medium, lips spread Back, mid-high

i The opening of the mouth is

narrow, lips spread High front tongue blade u The opening of the mouth is

narrow, lips rounded High back tongue blade ü The opening of the mouth is

narrow, lips are rounded to a degree similar to [u]

High front tongue blade

b) Compound Finals

ai -ui/uei ao ie ei uai ou üe ua

ia uo iao -iu/iou

c) Nasal Finals

an en in un ün ian uan üan ang

eng ing ^-ong/ueng uang iang iong

d) Retroflex Final er

Tones:

It has four basic tones ( 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th tones) and a neutral tone. These are placed on top of the finals. Different tones may express different meanings (eg. mā

妈

_{= mother,} mà

骂

= scold). When you are practicing the pronunciation of the pinyin in the table above, please read them as the first tone.

The neutral tone is a special tone change due to some of the continuous pronunciation of the syllables, which is pronounced in a shorter and lighter way.

Generally, the syllable which is following another syllable will become a neutral tone when undergoing certain change (eg. māmā

→

māma

妈妈

．=mother, bàbà

→

bàba

爸爸

．⁼ father). A single neutral syllable doesn’t exist.

Spelling Rules :

1. The only initials that can appear independently

They are “zh, ch, sh, r, z, c and s”. The final “i” in “zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ciandsi” cannot be pronounced as [i].

2^ndTone: Rising tone 3^rdTone: Falling Rising tone 4^thTone: Falling tone 1^stTone: Flat tone

2. Use of the letter “y” and “w”:

The letter “y” and “w” have the effect of sound insulation, they are not initials, they only appear in front of the zero initial syllables.

a. As long as “i” appears, “y” must be used.

【

add “y”

】——————

i→_{yi in}→_{yin ing}→_ying

【

change “i” to “y”

】——

ia→_{ya ie}→_{ye iao}→_{yao iou}→_you ian→_{yan iang}→_{yang iong}→_yong

Note that “iou” is written as “–iu” when it is preceded by an initial. (x + iou = xiu) b. As long as “u” appears, “w” must be used.

【

add “w”

】——————

u→_wu

【

change “u” to “w”

】——

ua→_{wa uan}→_{wan uo}→_{wo uen}→_wen uai→_{wai uang}→_{wang uei}→_{wei ueng}→_weng Note that “uei” is written as “–ui” when it is preceded by an initial. (d + uei = dui ).

“uen” is written as “–un” when it is preceded by an initial (d + uen = dun ).

c. As long as “ü” appears, “y” must be used. After adding “y”, two dots of “ü”

should be omitted.

ü→_{yu üan}→_{yuan ün}→_{yun üe}→_yue

Note that two dots of “ü” remains unchanged when spelled with initials “n” and “l”

because they can combine with “ü”, but also with “u”.

3. Tone Mark (tone-indicators)

The tone mark must be placed on the main vowel letters.

a. If there is only a single vowel in a syllable, it is marked above it. (eg. mā)

b. If there are two vowels, it is marked in the order of a, o, e, i, u, ü. (eg. bāi, guó) c. If there are three vowels, it is marked above the middle vowel. (eg. guǎi)

d. When it is marked above the vowel “i”, the dot over it is omitted. (eg.yín) e. In the two finals of“iu”and“ui”, it is marked above the last i or u. (eg. tuī, qiú) f. No tone is marked above the neutral syllable. (eg.bàba)

4. Dividing Mark

【’】

When a syllable beginning with “a, o or e” follows another syllable, the dividing mark (

’

) should be put in between, so as to avoid any confusion over the syllable boundary. (e.g.Tiānānmén→_Tiān’_ānmén

天安门

₎

5. Continuous writing and capitalization of the syllables

a. The syllables of the same word should be written consecutively. (eg. nǐ hǎo→_nǐhǎo) b. Words and words are generally written separately and capitalize on the letter at the

beginning of the sentence. (eg. Wǒ bàba māma hěn máng)

c. Capitalize the beginning letter of the specific nouns and specific phrases. (eg.Lín Nà)

Brief of Chinese Characters

：

1. The Chinese characters are the written symbols of the Chinese language.

2. It is composed of several basic strokes and written in the proper stroke order.

3. The structure of Chinese characters evolved from ancient Chinese characters.

4. All of the characters should be written to fit into equal-sized squares no matter how many strokes they have. And their structure should be well balanced.

Basic Strokes of Chinese Characters

：

Name Directions

of strokes Examples Name Directions

of strokes Examples

点

diǎn

六、不、忙 横钩

héng gōu

你、了、皮

横

héng

大、五、二 竖钩

shù gōu

小、水、寸

竖

shù

你、上、正 斜钩

xié gōu

我、伐、战

撇

piě

八、天、人 横折

héng zhé

口、书、田

捺

nà

木、体、又 竖折

shù zhé

山、亡、画

UN00102 Mandarin Language Level 1

CHINESE CHARACTERS

汉字

， _。

e.g.

师

→ → → →

是 学 生

我 是 老 他

Name Directions

of strokes Examples Name Directions

of strokes Examples

撇点

piě diǎn

女、巡、妈 竖提

shùtí

以、比、良

横折钩

héng zhé gōu

用、月、那 竖弯钩

shùwān gōu

孔、七、己 横折弯钩

héng zhé wān gōu

九、几、凡 竖折折钩

shùzhé zhé gōu

与、弟、号

横斜钩

héng xié gōu

飞、风、气 横撇

héng piě

水、双、叉

横折提

héng zhé tí

语、请、谁 卧钩

wò gōu

心、意、思

General rules for writing Chinese Characters:

As squared symbols Chinese characters must be written according to the fixed rules known as “stroke-order”.

Examples Stroke-order Rules

shí

十

^“héng” before “shù”

rén

人

^“piě” before “nà”

sān

三

From top to bottom

shén

什

From left to right

yuè

月

From outside to inside

ɡuó

国

Inside precedes the sealing stroke

xiǎo

小

Middle precedes the two sides

Single-component characters and multi-component Characters:

In term of their structure, they can be divided into two types:

1. Single-component characters

—

contains only one component in each individual character, such as

“ 马”

^mǎ ,

“

^yuè

月”

,

“ 木”

^mù ,

“

^rén

人”

.

2. Multi-component characters

—

contain two or more components in a single character such as

“ 爸”

^bà ,

“ 你”

^nǐ ,

“ 语”

^yǔ , and

“ 们”

^men .

The Basic Structure of Multi-component Characters are:

Name of structure Structure in character Examples

zuǒ

左

^yòu

右

^jié

结

^ɡòu

构

Left-right Structure

你、说、汉

zuǒ

左

^zhōnɡ

中

^yòu

右

^jié

结

^ɡòu

构

Left-middle-right Structure

树、谢、澎

shànɡ

上

^xià

下

^jié

结

^ɡòu

构

Top-bottom Structure

早、音、声

shànɡ

上

^zhōnɡ

中

^xià

下

^jié

结

^ɡòu

构

Top-middle-bottom Structure

意、莫、衷

quán

全

^bāo

包

^wéi

围

^jié

结

^ɡòu

构

Fully enclosed structure

国、回、因

bànbāowéijiéɡòu

句、进、店

Numbers from 1-10

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Hanzi

Pinyin yī èr sān sì wǔ liù qī bā jiǔ shí

Number 0 2 100 1000 10000

Hanzi

Pinyin líng liǎng bǎi qiān wàn

Numbers from 11-100

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

十一 十二 十三 十四 十五 十六 十七 十八 十九 二十

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

二十一 二十二 二十三 二十四 二十五 二十六 二十七 二十八 二十九 三十

：： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

：

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

九十一 九十二 九十三 九十四 九十五 九十六 九十七 九十八 九十九 一百

Numbers from 101-1000

101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

一百零一 一百零二 一百零三 一百零四 一百零五 一百零六 一百零七 一百零八 一百零九 一百一十

111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120

一百一十一 一百一十二 一百一十三 一百一十四 一百一十五 一百一十六 一百一十七 一百一十八 一百一十九 一百二十

：： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

： ：

：

991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000

九百九十一 九百九十二 九百九十三 九百九十四 九百九十五 九百九十六 九百九十七 九百九十八 九百九十九 一千 UN00102 Mandarin Language Level 1

NUMBERS

数字

零

三

万

九 十

千

七 八

百

五 六

两

一 二 四

Greetings I :

Greetings II :

Asking for the locations :

UN00102 Mandarin Language Level 1

DAILY CONVERSATIONS

日常用语

A: 谢谢。

Xièxie. (Thank you)

B: 不客气。

Bú kèqi. (You're welcome)

A: 对不起。

Duì buqǐ. (I'm sorry)

B: 没关系。

Méi guānxi. (It's alright)

A: 再见。

Zàijiàn. (Goodbye)

B: 再见。

Zàijiàn. (Goodbye)

A: 他去哪儿？/他去哪里?

Tā qù nǎr? /Tā qù nǎlǐ?

(Where is he going?) B: 他去____________。

Tā qù ____________. (He is going to ______.)

图书馆túshūguǎn (library)

体育馆tǐyùguǎn (gymnasium)

电影院diànyǐngyuàn (cinema) 飞机场fēijīchǎng (airport)

车站chēzhàn (station)

商场shāngchǎng (shopping mall) A: 你在______吗?/你在不在______？

Nǐ zài______ma? /Nǐ zài bu zài______?

(Are you in the__________?) B: 我在_____。/我不在_____。

Wǒ zài_____. / Wǒ búzài_____.

(Yes, I'm in the______./ No, I'm not in

A: 早上好。

Zǎoshang hǎo.

(Good Morning)

B: 早上好。

Zǎoshang hǎo.

(Good Morning)

A: 你好吗？

Nǐ hǎo ma? (How are you?)

B: 我很好。

Wǒ hěn hǎo. (I'm fine.)

A: 下午好。

Xiàwǔ hǎo.

(Good afternoon)

B: 下午好。

Xiàwǔ hǎo.

(Good afternoon)

A: 晚上好。

Wǎnshang hǎo.

(Good evening)

B: 晚上好。

Wǎnshang hǎo.

(Good evening)

A: 你在哪儿?/你在哪里?

Nǐ zài nǎr? /Nǐ zài nǎlǐ?

(Where are you?) B: 我在____________。

Wǒ zài____________.

(I'm at/in the____________.)

家jiā (home)

宿舍sùshè (dormitory) 教室jiàoshì (classroom)

A: 你好。

Nǐ hǎo. (Hello)

B: 你好。

Nǐ hǎo. (Hello)

Numbers :

Time & Date :

A: 星期几？

Xīngqī jǐ? (What day is it?) B: 星期_____。

Xīngqī_____.

星期天/星期日Xīngqī tiān/Xīngqī rì (Sunday) 星期一Xīngqī yī (Monday)

星期二Xīngqī èr (Tuesday) 星期三Xīngqī sān (Wednesday) 星期四Xīngqī sì (Thursday) 星期五Xīngqī wǔ (Friday) 星期六Xīngqī liù (Saturday)

A: 几月？

Jǐyuè? (What month is it?) B:____________。

一月yīyuè (January) 二月 èryuè (February) 三月sānyuè (March) 四月sìyuè (April)

五月wǔyuè (May)

六月liùyuè (June) 七月qīyuè (July) 八月bāyuè (August) 九月jiǔyuè (September) 十月shíyuè (October) 十一月shíyīyuè (November) 十二月shíèryuè (December) A: 这个多少钱？

Zhège duōshao qián? (How much is this?) B:_____块_____毛_____分。

_____kuài_____máo_____fēn. (_____dollar_____dime_____cent)

RM3.20 RM2.40 RM7.10

RM 18.55 RM25.99 RM168

* 1,2,3...9 cents = 一分、两分、三分...九分

* 10,20,30...90 cent = 一毛、两毛、三毛...九毛

A: 什么时候？

Shénme shíhou? (When?) B:____________。

昨天zuótiān (yesterday) 今天jīntiān (today) 明天míngtiān (tomorrow) 现在xiànzài (now) 早上zǎoshang (morning) 中午zhōngwŭ (noon) 下午xiàwŭ (afternoon) 晚上wǎnshang (night) A: 这是多少？

Zhèshì duōshao? (What is this number?) B:____________。

2 4 6 8 10

11 24 39 45 57

103 150 210 699 800

A: 几点（钟）？

Jǐdiǎn (zhōng)? (What time is it?) B:_____点_____分。

_____diǎn_____fēn.

(_____o’clock :_____minutes)

9:38 1.12 8.59

2:40 6:13 5:05

12:27 10:46 11:01

Asking for the name of the items :

Others:

A: 你是______吗？/你是不是_______？

Nǐ shì_____ma? /Nǐ shì bu shì______?

(Are you a__________?) B: 我是/不是_______。

Wǒ shì/ Wǒ búshì? (Yes, I am/ No, I’m not.) 医生 yīshēng (doctor)

老师 lǎoshī (teacher) 学生 xuéshēng (student) 记者 jìzhě (reporter) A: 你有_____吗？/你有没有_____？

Nǐ yǒu _____ma? /Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu _____? (Do you have a_____?)

B: 我有/没有_____。

Wǒ yǒu/méiyǒu_____. (I have /don’t have_____.)

手机 shǒujī (cellphone) 电脑 diànnǎo (computer)

A: 你要什么？

Nǐ yào shénme?

(What do you want?) B: 我要_____。

Wǒ yào______. (I want to____.) 吃饭 chīfàn (eat a meal) 喝茶 hēchá (drink tea)

A: 这/那叫什么？

Zhè /nà jiào shénme?

(What is this/that called?) B: 这/那叫____________。

Zhè /nà jiào __________. (This/That is called_____.) 熊猫 xióngmāo (panda) 武术 wǔshù (martial art)

A: 谁有_____？

Shéi yǒu _____? (Who has_____?) B:__________有。

__________yǒu. (_____have/has.) 词典 cídiǎn (dictionary), 我 wǒ (I)

课本 kèběn (textbook), 他/她 tā (He/She)

A: 你喜欢什么？

Nǐ xǐhuan shénme?

(What do you like?) B: 我喜欢_____。

Wǒ xǐhuan______. (I like____.) 唱歌 chànggē (singing)

看电影 kàndiànyǐng (watching movie) A: 这/那是什么？

Zhè/nà shì shénme?

(What is this/that?) B: 这/那是____________。

Zhè /nà shì __________.

(This/that is__________.) 咖啡 kāfēi (coffee) 奶茶 nǎichá (milktea)

Classroom Phrases:

For teacher

For students

24. 老师好。 _{Lǎoshī hǎo} Hello teacher.

25. 谢谢老师。 Xièxie lǎoshī Thank you teacher.

26. 对不起，我迟到了/我来 晚了。

Duìbuqǐ, wǒ chídào le/ wǒ láiwǎn le Sorry, I’m late.

27. 请问“_______”的汉语 怎么说？

Qǐngwèn “_______” de Hànyǔ zěnme shuō?

What is the Chinese for“_______”?

28. 这个字怎么读？ Zhè ge zì zěnme dú? How to pronounce this word?

29. 这是什么意思？ Zhè shì shěnme yìsi What does it mean?

30. 今天的作业是什么？ Jīntiān de zuòyè shì shěnme? What is the homework for today?

31. 再见老师。 Zàijiàn lǎoshī Goodbye teacher.

Hanzi Pinyin Meaning

1. 现在我们上课。 Xiànzài wǒmen shàngkè Class begins now.

2. 请看我。 Qǐng kàn wǒ Please look at me.

3. 请听我说。 Qǐng tīng wǒ shuō Please listen to me.

4. 请跟我说。 Qǐng gēn wǒ shuō Please say after me.

5. 请跟我写。 Qǐng gēn wǒ xiě Please write after me.

6. 请再听一遍。 Qǐng zài tīng yíbiàn Please listen to it again.

7. 请再说一遍。 Qǐng zài shuō yíbiàn Please say it again.

8. 请再写一遍。 Qǐng zài xiě yíbiàn Please write it again.

9. 请大声一点儿。 Qǐng dàshēng yìdiǎnr A little louder please.

10. 打开课本。 Dǎkāi kèběn Open the textbook.

11. 合上课本。 Héshàng kèběn Close the textbook.

12. 第____页 _{Dì______yè} Page______

13. 第一声 Dì yī shēng First tone

14. 第二声 Dì èr shēng Second tone

15. 第三声 Dì sān shēng Third tone

16. 第四声 Dì sì shēng Fourth tone

17. 轻声 _qīngshēng Neutral tone

18. 第几声？ Dì jǐshēng? Which tone?

19. 谁知道？ Shéi zhīdao Who knows (the answer)?

20. 懂不懂？/明白不明白？ Dǒng bu dǒng/ Míngbái bu míngbái Understand?

21. 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ de wèntí Please answer my question.

22. 你们有没有问题？ Nǐmen yǒu méiyǒu wèntí Do you have any questions?

23. 我们下课。 Wǒmen xiàkè Class dismiss.