Unearthing Hidden Research Opportunities Through Bibliometric Analysis: A Review
Khairul Hafezad Abdullah1*, Mohd Firdaus Roslan2, Noor Syazwani Ishak3, Munirah Ilias4, Rakesh Dani5
1 Department of Academic Affairs, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, Malaysia
2 Faculty of Management and Economics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
3 General Studies Department, Sunway College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4 Department of Communication, Universiti Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
5 Department of Hospitality Management, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
*Corresponding Author: [email protected] Accepted: 15 April 2023 | Published: 30 April 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2023.5.1.23
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Abstract: Bibliometric analysis is vital for identifying gaps and potential research directions.
The importance of bibliometric analysis in identifying research gaps and prospective future research endeavours is addressed in this study. This study aims to provide insight into the crucial role that bibliometric analysis plays in identifying research gaps and potential future research orientations. This study demonstrates how bibliometric analysis can assist researchers in identifying new study prospects, avoiding duplication of effort, and ensuring effective resource utilisation. This study also offers future bibliometric analysis modifications to overcome its limitations, including cross-disciplinary indicators and data-sharing standards. Several previous studies adopted bibliometric analysis to identify developing issues and trends, directing future research and pointing to places where new insights and contributions were also emphasised. Based on this study, bibliometric analysis is an effective tool for identifying research gaps and prospective new areas for future research. Adding to this, researchers must be conscious of its limitations and apply other methodologies to support their more profound understanding of a particular topic that they have researched. In conclusion, this study has comprehensively enhanced our understanding of the crucial facets of bibliometric analysis in scientific research.
Keywords: bibliometric, research landscape, research possibility, research productivity ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
The progression of information and communications technology has considerably impacted the publication pattern in the modern world. The extensive availability of digital media and the ease with which people can acquire information rapidly and efficiently have significantly boosted the demand for content (Putra et al., 2021). With the development of technology, such as applying big data, the range and depth of study on many scientific topics, the number of scholars working in any field of research, and the number of publications that describe their findings have also grown significantly (Akoka et al., 2017).
With an ever-increasing influx of new scholarly works, librarians and other information science professionals are against a growing mountain of records (Hoq, 2014). As more and more research is produced and published, it becomes increasingly challenging to keep up with
pertinent material without consulting proper databases with relevant methodical strategies. Yet, bibliometric analysis has evolved into a potent tool that can be used to fix this issue. Possible explanations include that bibliometric analysis is a widely used and rigorous method for gaining access to and making sense of massive amounts of scientific data (Donthu et al., 2021).
As Pritchard (1969) described, bibliometric analysis uses quantitative and statistical approaches to analyse books and other written and articulated communication forms to characterise and explain their features and behaviours. This methodology assesses the creation, dissemination, and impact of scholarly publications using a variety of indicators and measures (García-Villar & García-Santos, 2021). Bibliometric analysis helps determine the productivity and quality of research within a field or discipline, assessing the effect and influence of specific authors or publications and identifying publishing and citation trends (Thayyib et al., 2023).
Understanding the structure and dynamics of a study topic is made possible by this strategy, which helps to single out new developments, key players, and knowledge gaps.
In order to gather, manipulate, and assess bibliographic data, bibliometric analysis employs a vast array of databases and software applications. Abdullah et al. (2023) found that most previous studies acquired datasets from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. It should not surprise that Scopus and WoS are popular databases. These databases index various academic journals, conference proceedings, and books. Several scholars utilise these databases to locate pertinent publications and evaluate their impact and citation metrics (Pech & Delgado, 2020). However, it is essential to note that other databases, such as Google Scholar, may be more suitable for particular subjects or research concerns. Google Scholar’s convenience has been complimented, but its extensiveness and precision have been questioned.
Bibliometrics software is made to help researchers analyse and visualise bibliographic data, which can help find research trends, collaboration networks, and citation patterns (Abdullah, 2021). VOSviewer, ScientoPy, Bibliometrix, and SciMAT are some of the most prevalent bibliometrics software. These bibliometric software tools can be helpful for researchers who want to use bibliographic data systematically and efficiently to learn something new-fangled.
Nevertheless, it is indispensable to keep in mind that each software has strengths and weaknesses. Accordingly, researchers should consider vigilantly which tool is best for their research question and data set.
VOSviewer is a software tool that allows researchers to visualise bibliometric data in various formats, such as co-authorship networks, co-citation networks, and bibliographic coupling networks (Van Eck & Waltman, 2010). VOSviewer can be used to analyse and visualise large sets of bibliographic data, and it is handy for identifying patterns and trends in the literature (Orduña-Malea & Costas, 2021). ScientoPy is a Python package that provides tools for bibliometric analysis, including data extraction, cleaning, and visualisation (Ruiz-Rosero et al., 2017). It can analyse citation networks, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence.
Bibliometrix is an R package that provides various functions for bibliometric analysis, including co-authorship analysis, citation analysis, and visualisation of bibliometric networks (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017). It is a flexible and powerful tool that can be used to analyse bibliographic data from various sources and in different formats. SciMAT is an open-source software tool that enables researchers to visualise and analyse scientific literature within a longitudinal framework, meaning it considers changes in the research landscape over time.
SciMAT provides various modules that help researchers carry out all the steps of the science
mapping workflow, including data collection, preprocessing, analysis, and visualisation (Cobo et al., 2012).
The title of this study is “Unearthing Hidden Research Opportunities Through Bibliometric Analysis: A Review”. The authors wish to convey a bibliometric that, as the research landscape continues to expand rapidly, it is crucial to apply efficient methodologies for identifying research possibilities. The bibliometric analysis technique has proven accommodating in discovering promising study areas, particularly within the interdisciplinary research framework.
In this review, the authors intend to address the essential role of bibliometric analysis in identifying research gaps and possible future research directions. This review emphasises the significance of bibliometric analysis and its usefulness in locating research opportunities by discussing the following topics:
i. Research landscape and opportunities.
ii. The benefits of bibliometric research.
iii. Enhance bibliometric analysis by recognising its limitations.
iv. Successful use of bibliometrics in the identification of research possibilities.
2. Research landscape and opportunities
Identifying research opportunities involves recognising areas where further investigation is needed, or gaps in current knowledge exist. This can be done by reviewing existing literature, attending conferences and seminars, collaborating with other researchers, and keeping up-to- date with the latest developments in a particular field (Abdullah et al., 2023). Identifying research opportunities is critical in today’s research landscape for several reasons.
First, identifying new research opportunities helps scholars stay up-to-date with the latest discoveries and trends in their field. This is significant because academic pursuits are dynamic fields with constant discoveries and insights. Adding to this, as long as humans are on Earth, research will continue indefinitely. Regardless of the field, research depends on constructing a research plan and establishing connections to prior knowledge (Snyder, 2019). Thus, scholars should prioritise precision. Research is a process that leads to new insights, innovations, and discoveries. As our society evolves, there will be a growing need for research of all kinds (Patel
& Patel, 2019). By keeping abreast of advances in their field, researchers can ensure their findings are still applicable and helpful. This can also help researchers stay up-to-date with the latest developments and technologies (Frazzetto et al., 2019), which may impact their work and allow them to adjust their research plans accordingly (Kroon et al., 2021).
The second factor is associated with identifying research possibilities to assist researchers in avoiding duplication of effort and ensuring that resources are appropriately used. Duplicating attempts can irritate researchers (Joibari et al., 2020) and squander precious resources such as time, money, and personnel (Onyeka, 2014). This is particularly problematic in disciplines where research is costly or time-consuming, such as scientific or medical research. Researchers can avoid duplicating previous work and focus on areas where new insights and discoveries might be made by recognising existing research and areas that demand further inquiry. This can lead to more effective use of resources, improving the quality of the research conducted. It was also emphasised by Rakha et al. (2016) that researchers should work to avoid duplicating their efforts, as doing so might lead to wasted resources and damage to the scientific community. Researchers may focus on original, cutting-edge research that fills critical
knowledge gaps by exploring previously unexplored questions or topics. For example, an overview of the most recent 3-D endoscopic imaging technology motivates continued research in crucial areas and improves research efficiency by reducing excessive replication of previous research (Geng & Xie, 2013).
Importantly, funding agencies and policymakers must be able to recognise potential research opportunities. It is essential to identify possible research opportunities because doing so enables funding organisations and policymakers to pinpoint areas of research that have the potential to affect society significantly (Badenhorst et al., 2016; Stamou et al., 2009). Funding agencies and governments can make educated judgements about allocating resources and designing policies that support and fund research if they have a solid grasp of the potential of specific research fields (Deschryver et al., 2020). This makes it more likely that research will focus on areas that can benefit society the most. They can select research areas of strategic value and allocate resources following those areas as a result. This, in turn, can contribute to developing policies and initiatives that promote the advancement of research and innovation.
3. The benefits of bibliometric research
The bibliometric analysis includes many capabilities to influence research and disseminate research findings. The bibliometric analysis enables researchers to identify the most impactful publications and authors in a specific field. A study by Song et al. (2019) revealed that the number of publications and citations related to classroom dialogue has consistently increased over the past 20 years, with a steady development observed between 1998 and 2006, followed by a significant increase since 2006. The observed trend can inform the development of new research projects, guide researchers on potential collaborators, and inform policy decisions on classroom dialogue. Thus, by analysing the citation patterns of published works, bibliometric analysis can reveal the most highly cited publications and the most influential authors, providing valuable insights into the development of a research field over time.
Another intriguing fact concerning inputs on impactful publications and the author is that we might find the most highly cited publications and identify the most influential authors in any study field. It is crucial because by identifying the most impactful publications and authors, bibliometric analysis can help researchers understand a research field’s current state and identify the most pressing research questions that must be addressed. For instance, Abdullah (2022) found the works in biology education that had earned the highest number of citations.
The number of citations a paper obtains can be used to assess the significance of other research publications on the same topic. In addition, identifying the most referenced papers can help identify essential work in the field that has substantially impacted biology education research and practice.
Also, suppose we conduct a bibliometric analysis of the field of environmental science. In that case, we might find that the most highly cited publications relate to climate change (Marx et al., 2017), biodiversity (Stork & Astrin, 2014), leachate (Abdullah et al., 2022), and ecosystem services (Zhang et al., 2019). Such an analysis could reveal the most highly cited publications in the field, which could provide insights into the current research trends, the most significant contributions to the field, and the topics that have garnered the most attention from researchers and scholars. Understanding the most highly cited publications in different environmental science subfields could help identify gaps in research or areas that require further attention and provide insights into potential collaborations or funding opportunities.
Furthermore, through bibliometric analysis, we might identify the most influential authors in any field of research. Djeki et al. (2022) identified the most influential authors in their bibliometric study on e-learning, and at the same time, they could recognise the organisations in which those authors work. This form of analysis can be very beneficial for identifying major field participants and understanding the links and cooperation between various organisations and scholars. Intriguingly, by analysing the most influential authors, Mulet-Forteza et al.
(2019) could link the most influential authors to particular themes such as marketing, websites, and social media, as well as specific journals that matched the aims and scopes that the authors had contributed. These inputs can help identify which authors are most closely aligned with particular research topics or approaches and which journals are most likely to publish research on those topics.
Bibliometric analysis can also show research gaps and promising study fields. By looking at the number and distribution of research publications and study areas or themes, bibliometric analysis can find research areas that have not been done much with or have been ignored. In order to clarify this input, a bibliometric study conducted by Abdullah and Othman (2022) on telecommunications revealed that the most concentrated research disciplines were social science, computer science, and engineering, with fewer publications in areas like medical and environmental science. This implies that scholars may have chances to investigate and contribute to advancing these undeveloped areas. Moreover, bibliometric analysis can identify research gaps by revealing the prevalence of research topics within a field. For instance, Abdullah and Abd Aziz (2021) conducted a bibliometric analysis of laboratory safety; they found that relatively few publications focus on chemical engineering compared to medicine.
The analysis indicates that there may be significant research gaps in the areas, providing opportunities for researchers to develop novel research questions and contribute to advancing laboratory safety research.
Bibliometric analysis can help researchers to identify potential collaborators and partners. By analysing co-authorship networks and collaboration patterns, bibliometric analysis can reveal researchers working on similar topics or having complementary skills, providing opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations and partnerships. According to Chiroma et al. (2020), a bibliometric analysis could enable researchers to determine areas that need further development and identify potential collaborators at author, country, and institutional levels. This is because by analysing bibliometric data, researchers can better understand the state of research in their field and identify potential collaborators and partners for future research projects. They can also use bibliometric analysis to identify gaps in the literature and areas where more research is needed, which can help guide their research.
Identifying potential collaborators and partners was deemed essential; a case in point is related to a study by Abdullah and Sofyan (2023). The authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence and found that many researchers are developing machine learning algorithms in safety and health research, specifically in the United States. Nonetheless, relatively few researchers are examining the ethical concerns of artificial intelligence (Etzioni
& Etzioni, 2017). In recent years, the necessity for ethical considerations in developing intelligent interactive systems has become one of the most significant research fields (Dignum, 2018). Artificial intelligence is beneficial, but it must be examined how transportable results are, how far it can be integrated into processes, and how much people can be held accountable (Möllmann et al., 2021). This indicated that artificial intelligence and ethical considerations had prompted numerous initiatives from scholars and practitioners alike. This input suggests there may be opportunities for researchers with expertise in ethics and artificial intelligence to
collaborate with machine learning researchers to address these essential ethical considerations.
At the same time, this matter makes bibliometric studies a catalyst for bridging the gap in research based on collaboration networks between researchers in two or more fields of study.
4. Enhance bibliometric analysis by recognising its limitations
Certain shortcomings and limitations in the bibliometric analysis might be addressed to increase its usefulness. Table 1 outlines several enhancements to bibliometric analysis.
Table 1: Improving a Bibliometric Analysis
Improving Aspect Description
Biases in citation data The bibliometric analysis relies significantly on citation data, which can be biased in favour of high-impact articles or authors from prestigious institutions (Zhao & Strotmann, 2016). Attempts could be taken to
counteract these biases, such as using altmetrics or employing more complex citation analysis algorithms that account for the quality and relevance of the citations (Haustein & Larivière, 2014; Shakeel et al., 2022).
Qualitative factors The bibliometric analysis gives quantitative data but does not capture the qualitative components of research, such as the research’s quality or its impact on society. In addition to bibliometric data, it is necessary to include qualitative criteria like peer review, societal influence, and ethical
considerations. Peer review, societal influence, and ethics affect research quality and impact. Peer review ensures scientific discoveries’ rigour and validity. Research’s real-world impact is also influenced by society.
Scientific integrity requires ethical issues like responsible research.
Interdisciplinary nature of research
The discipline-specific nature of bibliometric analysis can impede transdisciplinary research. There should be increased efforts to improve inter-disciplinary bibliometric analysis by introducing cross-disciplinary indicators, such as those that capture the diversity of research collaborations.
For instance, Abdullah and Sofyan (2023) performed a bibliometric analysis of machine learning research in safety and health. Prabowo et al. (2022) examined bibliometric sports and harassment. Gazali et al. (2023) conducted a bibliometric analysis on the application of technology in physical
education.
Data limitations Data availability and quality are crucial to the bibliometric analysis.
However, little data can result in mistakes and bias in the study. Efforts could be taken to enhance data quality and accessibility, such as by adopting standardised measurements and implementing standards for data-sharing.
5. Successful use of bibliometrics in the identification of research possibilities
Bibliometric analysis has been utilised effectively to discover research opportunities in various domains (Topal et al., 2020; Veloutsou & Mafe, 2020). This involved quantitatively analysing publication and citation data (Ellegaard & Wallin, 2015). By analysing publication and citation data, researchers can get insight into the most active research topics and trends in a particular discipline (Sofyan et al., 2022). The measures enabled the researchers to highlight research gaps and possibilities that inform the direction of future research. Thus, it is indicated that employing bibliometric analysis can develop influential and original research that addresses crucial issues and adds to advancing knowledge in an area.
Chou et al. (2016) employed bibliometric analysis to analyse the state of the literature on high- frequency trading in their study. The authors examined research publications published over the years, identifying various study subjects and themes addressed in the literature. One of the study’s significant results was the range of ideas and viewpoints among high-frequency trading scholars and practitioners. This diversity could be attributed to the growing nature of
computing technology and its broad appeal, which has drawn diverse academics and practitioners from various backgrounds and disciplines. According to the authors, bibliometric analysis can effectively find research opportunities and gaps in the literature. Researchers can discover areas where additional study is needed or where existing research can be built upon by analysing patterns and trends in published research.
Chiroma et al. (2020) made an essential addition to the field of machine learning-based applications in COVID-19 research. The authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of COVID- 19-related publications in the Scopus and WoS citation indexes, focusing primarily on machine learning-based methodologies. The study discovered significant facts, including that machine learning-based COVID-19 diagnosis tools garnered the most attention from researchers.
Nonetheless, the data revealed that attention and resources were disproportionately committed to automated diagnosis methods, while COVID-19 medicines and vaccine development remained underutilised. The authors believe that their survey and bibliometric analysis can assist researchers in identifying areas that need additional work and possible partners. This can help to advance research in the focused area of machine learning application to disease control.
Furthermore, the paper identifies constraints impeding practical work on implementing machine learning-based technologies to combat COVID-19 and provides a new approach to addressing the identified issues.
The study undertaken by Ghorbani et al. (2021) is a vital contribution to digital marketing research. The authors uncovered developing trends and patterns in the area by undertaking a bibliometric analysis of digital marketing research from 1979 to June 2020. The analysis discovered that “real-time bidding”, “machine learning”, “big data”, “social media marketing”, and “influencer marketing” were the emerging keywords in the digital marketing space. This means that scholars in this discipline should concentrate on these areas to contribute new results and knowledge to the literature. The bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive field perspective and identifies areas garnering the most incredible research attention. This can help to direct future research and suggest areas where fresh insights and contributions can be offered.
The bibliometric analysis conducted by Hew (2017) on m-commerce and its applications research is a crucial contribution to the field. By adopting bibliometric analysis, the study identified the most studied mobile commerce applications and most cited lists, which can provide valuable insights for future research directions. The study is noteworthy for being one of the first to use bibliometric analysis to evaluate research on mobile commerce and its applications. This can benefit researchers in the area by identifying potential research directions and helping to guide future studies. However, as noted by the author, improvements could be made by incorporating additional analyses, such as content analysis, to provide a more in-depth understanding of the research in this field. The content analysis could help identify the research’s themes and trends, further informing future research directions.
The study by Roslan et al. (2022) contributes to disaster education. By using bibliometric analysis of Scopus and WoS databases via ScientoPy, the authors were able to identify the primary terms associated with disaster education, such as “disaster”, “disaster preparedness”,
“disaster risk reduction”, and “earthquake”. The study highlights the potential for future research to examine these keywords in greater detail through scoping or systematic literature reviews. By doing so, researchers can better understand the relationships between these terms and their implications for disaster education. Inclusive, the study can interest practitioners and researchers interested in advancing knowledge and developing rigorous disaster education
research theories and practices. The study can help guide future research and inform policy and practice in disaster education by identifying key terms and trends in the literature.
The study conducted by Pahrudin et al. (2022) using bibliometric analysis of the literature related to tourism management and marketing toward sustainable tourism provides valuable insights into the current trends and future research directions in this field. By using the WOS database, the authors were able to analyse the occurrence of publications by year, publication source information and authors, journals, countries, institutions, thematic maps, and current trends of topics in tourism management and marketing toward sustainable tourism. The analysis results provide a comprehensive overview of the research trends in sustainable tourism, including the key topics, authors, and institutions involved in this area of research.
The study also highlights the vital role of tourism management and marketing in promoting sustainable tourism practices. The study can support researchers and practitioners in sustainable tourism, as it provides insights into the current trends and future research agenda.
The study can help guide future research and inform policy and practice in sustainable tourism management and marketing by identifying the key topics and research gaps.
6. Discussions
Finding knowledge gaps and developing ideas for new lines of enquiry requires bibliometric analysis. This study discusses how bibliometric analysis can pinpoint knowledge gaps and inspire new lines of enquiry. Due to the ever-changing nature of the study, experts in any discipline must remain abreast of the most recent findings and methods employed in their subfield (Frazzetto et al., 2019: Snyder, 2019). Academics can benefit from identifying fresh study prospects to ensure their discoveries are still valuable and relevant. In fields where research is expensive or time-consuming, it can also help to avoid duplication of effort and ensure efficient use of resources (Rakha et al., 2016). When policymakers and funding agencies are aware of promising areas of investigation, they are better able to allocate resources wisely and develop policies that encourage and sustain research (Badenhorst et al., 2016; Stamou et al., 2009). In order to further research and innovation that can benefit society at large, it is crucial first to identify areas where more work needs to be done.
Finding the most influential journals and authors in an area is one of the bibliometrics’ many uses; this knowledge may then be applied to designing future studies, selecting research partners, and formulating policy (Song et al., 2019). The current status of research can be better comprehended, research gaps can be identified, and new research fields can be discovered using bibliometric analysis (Abdullah, 2022). In addition, it can identify the most-cited works and authors, which might shed light on the evolution of a particular field of study. Investigating co-authorship networks and collaboration patterns in a bibliometric database can also show scholars working on related issues or with complementary talents, opening the door to new multidisciplinary collaborations and partnerships (Abdullah & Sofyan, 2023; Djeki et al., 2022).
In order to improve its utility, the flaws and restrictions of bibliometric analysis; which has become a standard method for assessing the quality of scientific work, need to be addressed.
Some potential enhancements to bibliometric analysis are outlined in Table 1. Biases in citation data can skew bibliometric results in favour of influential papers or authors from famous universities. Altmetrics or more sophisticated citation analysis algorithms that consider the citations’ quality and relevance could be utilised to combat these biases (Haustein & Larivière, 2014; Shakeel et al., 2022). The quality or societal influence of research and other qualitative
aspects are lost in bibliometric analysis. Quality factors like peer review, social impact, and ethical concerns must be included.
Moreover, bibliometric analysis tends to be discipline-specific, which can limit cross- disciplinary studies. By incorporating cross-disciplinary indicators that capture the variety of research collaborations, interdisciplinary bibliometric analysis can be strengthened. As a last point, the bibliometric analysis relies heavily on the accessibility and quality of the data used.
Data quality and accessibility could be improved by adopting standardised metrics and instituting data-sharing standards. These improvements to bibliometric analysis have the potential to make it a more robust tool for assessing the quality of scholarly work.
Bibliometric analysis is a widely used method for determining gaps in knowledge and where there is an opportunity for new studies. The quantitative examination of publication and citation data provides insight into the most active research topics and trends in a specific field, revealing research gaps and opportunities that guide the future study. Several fields have succeeded in using this strategy, including high-frequency trading (Chou et al., 2016), COVID-19 study (Chiroma et al., 2020), digital marketing (Ghorbani et al., 2021), m-commerce (Hew, 2017), disaster education (Roslan et al., 2022), and sustainable tourist management and marketing (Pahrudin et al., 2022). Each of these studies used bibliometric analysis to pinpoint developing topics and trends in the field. This can direct future investigations and point to blanks where new insights and contributions can be made.
In addition to providing a broad overview of the sector, the analysis highlights hotspots that can guide future studies. However, it is essential to remember that bibliometrics is not without its caveats. For example, it cannot capture research quality, and the accuracy and breadth of its conclusions depend heavily on the data sources themselves. Also, bibliometric analysis is not a replacement for content analysis or other methods of gaining a deeper understanding of the research on a topic. Nevertheless, bibliometric analysis is still beneficial for researchers who want to find new avenues of enquiry and make educated choices about where to focus their efforts in the future.
7. Conclusion
In conclusion, bibliometric analysis is a powerful technique that can reveal research gaps and potential new areas for future research. Bibliometric analysis is a technique that examines the characteristics of scientific publications to determine which have the most significant impact, which authors are responsible for those publications, which research fields have not been sufficiently explored, and which facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations and partnerships.
By presenting an overview of its findings, this study has considerably contributed to our understanding of the significant role that bibliometric analysis plays in the evolution of scientific research.
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