a Ϫ⬠ि⫳㒘㒛ˈᑇ⋟ᡔᴃᬃᣕ䚼ˈᮄথ⮒⮙ⲥ⌟ঞᑨᇍᴎᵘˈ㢣⪺ˈ᭤⌢DŽ
b 㒑वᮃᇨᄺˈवᢝ∝᷵ऎˈᮄफ࿕ᇨˈ▇߽ѮDŽ
c Ϫ⬠ि⫳㒘㒛ҷ㸼໘ˈᏈᏗѮᮄݙѮᆊࡲ݀ᅸˈᨽᇨᮃ↨␃ˈᏈᏗѮᮄݙѮDŽ
मᢝ⮙↦⮙˄ ᢝߎ㸔⛁üüᰃϔ⾡Ϲ䞡ǃᐌᇐ㟈Ҏ㉏⅏ EVD ˅üü᮶ᕔ㹿⿄Ўम ѵⱘ⮒⮙DŽ䆹⮒⮙᳔߱Ѣ 1976 ᑈफ㢣Ѝ
˄ҹࠡᰃ㢣Ѝⱘϔ䚼ߚ˅ҹঞ߮ᵰ⇥Џ݅˄ҹࠡ
ᰃᠢӞᇨ˅ϸϾᆊৠᯊߎ⦄ᲈথ
[1]DŽ⮙↦ᴹ⑤ᇮϡ ᯢ⹂ˈԚᵰ㴴㹿䅸Ўᰃमᢝ⮙↦ⱘৃ㛑ᆓЏ
[2,3]DŽ
߱ྟ⮛⢊ࣙᣀথ⛁ǃ⮆ǃ㙠⮯ǃ༈⮯ঞઑ⮯ˈ䱣ৢ
Ӯߎ⦄㝍⋏DŽ EVD ৃҹᇐ㟈㙱ᤳᆇǃ㚒㹄チǃ
ᰮᳳӥܟҹঞ఼ᅬࡳ㛑ᤳᆇ
[2,4,5]DŽ᮶ᕔⱘ EVD ᲈ থЁˈ⮙⅏⥛Ў 25% 㟇 90%
[2,3,6–12]ˈ㽓䴲ℸ᳝
ҹᴹ᳔ⱘᲈথЁˈ⮙⅏⥛Ԅ䅵Ў 60% 㟇 70%
[12]DŽ 5 ቕҹϟⱘܓスǃ㗕ᑈҎঞᄩཛᰃ㛚ᔅҎ㕸
[5]DŽᇍ⮙՟
䖯㸠䗖ᅰⱘЈᑞㅵ⧚ৃᦤ催ᄬ⌏⥛
[13]DŽ
ᑇ⋟㽚Ⲫњܼ⧗䖥ϝߚПϔⱘ䴶⿃ˈᑇ
⋟ቯഄऎ˄ϡࣙᣀ▇߽Ѯঞᮄ㽓݄˅Ҏষ㑺 1140ϛDŽ݊Ёˈ820ϛሙԣᏈᏗѮᮄݙѮˈ݊
ԭ320ϛߚᬷ⬅䍙䖛ⱒϾቯቓ⦃⻕㒘៤ⱘ݊Ҫ 20Ͼᑇ⋟ቯഄऎЁDŽ᳝8Ͼᑇ⋟ቯഄऎ ⱘҎষϡ䎇25 000Ҏˈ݊Ё3Ͼᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⱘҎ ষᇥѢ10 000Ҏ˗㒑ᠬܟࢇ߭া᳝㑺1200ҎDŽ 14Ͼᑇ⋟ቯᰃĀ䰙ि⫳ᴵ՟˄IHR 2005˅ā ៤ ਬ ˈ ݊ Ё ᳝ 7 Ͼ ቯ ᰃ ⬅ ᅫ Џ ҷ ᳓ ሹ 㸠
मᢝ⭿ᚙᇍᑇ⋟ቯⱘӴܹ亢䰽˖ϔ乍 Ϫ⬠ि⫳㒘㒛ⱘ䖥ᳳ䆘Ԅ㒧ᵰ
Adam T Craig
abˈ Axelle Ronsse
aˈ Kate Hardie
aˈ Boris I Pavlin
cˈ Viema Biaukula
a Eric JNilles
a䗮䆃㗙˖Eric J Nilles (⬉ᄤ䚂ㆅ: [email protected])DŽ
IHR˄2005˅㘠䋷ⱘഄऎ㸠ᬓऎඳDŽ᭄ᑇ⋟
ቯഄऎഛЎЁԢᬊܹᆊ
[14]DŽ
亢䰽䆘Ԅᰃᬊ䲚ǃ䆄ᔩঞ䆘Ԅᶤ⾡࿕㚕᠔䗴៤ⱘ
݀݅ि⫳亢䰽ㄝⳌֵ݇ᙃˈᑊѢ亢䰽∈ᑇǃ䌘⑤ৃ
⫼ᗻǃゲѝि⫳Ӭܜᴗҹঞ݊Ҫ㚠᱃㋴㗠䞛প㸠ࡼ
ⱘϔϾ㋏㒳䖛
[15]DŽᴀ亢䰽䆘ԄⱘⳂⱘѢԄ䅵 EVD Ӵܹᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⱘৃ㛑ᗻˈ䆘Ԅϔᮺথ⫳
⮙՟䕧ܹᇍ݀݅ि⫳⼒ӮⱘᕅડᑺDŽ
ᮍ⊩
ᴀ᭛ਞњ 2015ᑈ3᳜⬅᭤⌢㢣⪺ⱘϪ⬠ि⫳㒘 㒛 ˄ WHO˅ ᑇ ⋟ ᡔ ᴃ ᬃ ᣕ 䚼 ᓔ ሩ ⱘ 亢 䰽 䆘 Ԅ DŽ
ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎࣙᣀ㕢ሲ㧼ᨽѮǃᑧܟ㕸ቯǃ᭤
⌢ǃ⊩ሲ⊶߽ሐ㽓Ѯǃ݇ቯǃ䞠Ꮘᮃǃ偀㒡ᇨ㕸 ቯǃᆚܟ㔫ሐ㽓Ѯ㘨䙺ǃ⨭剕ǃᮄ䞠ሐѮǃ㒑
ǃ࣫偀䞠Ѯ㒇㕸ቯǃᏩࢇǃᏈᏗѮᮄݙѮǃⲂ⡍
߃ᘽ㕸ቯǃ㧼ᨽѮǃ᠔㔫䮼㕸ቯǃᠬܟࢇǃ∸ࡴǃ
⪺ श ǃ ⪺ ࡾ 䰓 ҹ ঞ ⪺ ߽ ᮃ ᆠ 㒇 DŽ 䆘 Ԅ 䙉
ᕾĀ WHOさথ݀݅ि⫳џӊⱘ亢䰽䆘Ԅᣛफāˈᇍ
EVD䕧ܹⱘৃ㛑ᗻ䕧ܹѻ⫳ⱘ݀݅ि⫳ⱘᕅડᓔሩ
њ亢䰽䆘Ԅ
[15]DŽ
㢹EVDӴܹᑇ⋟ቯഄऎˈ߭䳔㽕ϔৡফᛳ ᶧⱘᮙ␌㗙㹿থ⦄㗠ࠄ䖒䆹ഄऎDŽ䡈Ѣ㽓䴲ᑇ
⋟ቯഄऎП䯈ⱘᮙ㸠ˋ䌌ᯧ㘨㋏䴲ᐌ᳝䰤ˈ 㸼ᯢ⬅ᮙ㸠㗙ᓩܹⱘৃ㛑ᗻᕜᇣˈ㗠Ϣमᢝᛳᶧ⮙
՟ⱘ㸔⎆ԧ⎆থ⫳䖛Ⳉ㾺ⱘᮙ㸠㗙ˈࠄ䖒ᑇ
⋟ቯഄऎⱘৃ㛑ᗻ߭ᇣDŽҢ㽓䴲ࠄᑇ⋟ቯ
ഄऎ≵᳝Ⳉ亲㟾⧁ˈᮙ㸠㗙䳔㽕㟇ᇥ3ϾЏ㽕ⱘ
䰙ᴎഎ䖯㸠䕀ᴎᠡ㛑ᢉ䖒DŽℸˈϔৡফᛳᶧⱘᮙ 㸠㗙㒣䖛Ͼᴎഎˈഛ㹿㟾ぎ݀ৌEVDⲥ⌟ᑣ থ⦄ˈᠡ㛑ࠄ䖒ᑇ⋟ቯDŽ㟾ぎ݀ৌᴎഎᓔሩⱘ EVDⲥ⌟ࣙᣀᬊ䲚ᮙ㸠㗙ⱘعᒋֵᙃ˄ҹথ⦄ߎ⦄(9' ᛳᶧⳌ݇⮛⢊ⱘᮙ㸠㗙˅ᮙ㸠㗙䖥ᳳⱘᮙ㸠˄ҹ থ⦄᳒এ䖛ফEVDᕅડᆊˈᑊϨৃ㛑Ꮖᲈ䴆ⱘᮙ㸠 㗙ˈϡ䆎݊ᰃ৺໘Ѣথ⮙⢊ᗕ˅DŽᮙ㸠Ёথ⮙ⱘᙷ㗙 ϡৃ㛑䗝ᢽ䗨㒣ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⱘ㟾㒓ˈ᳝ৃ
㛑Ӯ䗝ᢽ᳝Ⳉ亲㟾⧁ᢉ䖒ⱘᆊ˄བ㕢ǃ⌆䴲
⌆ᆊ˅ҹᇏ∖ए⭫ᬥ⊏DŽ
㽓䴲Ꮉⱘि⫳ֱعᎹ㗙ˈࣙᣀए⫳ᡸ
ǃᅲ偠ᅸᎹⱘ⾥ᄺᆊǃ䕙ࡽֱعҎਬҹঞ EVD ⮙
՟ⱘᖫᜓᡸ⧚Ҏਬˈᇍमᢝ⮙↦ⱘᲈ䴆亢䰽ϡᮁ
ࡴDŽ䖭Ͼಶ䯳ЁⱘҎਬˈབᵰ⮒⮙ⱘ┰ӣᳳݙࠄ
ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎᮙ㸠ˈ߭Ӯᇍ䆹ഄऎᏺᴹ┰ⱘ䕧
ܹ亢䰽DŽ᪄ݭᴀ᭛ゴᯊˈ㑺᳝ 90 ৡᴹ㞾ᑇ⋟ቯ
ഄऎҹঞ䚏䖥ᆊⱘᧈࡽঞݯ䯳Ҏਬℷফ EVD ᕅડⱘᆊ᳡ࡵDŽ䖭ѯҎЁࣙᣀ 27 ৡ᭤⌢㘨ড়㓈
Ҏਬǃ 1 ৡ߽↨䞠ѮᎹⱘᮄ㽓݄ि⫳Ꮉ㗙ǃ 1 ৡᮄ㽓݄∈߽ᎹᏜǃৡᮄ㽓݄ᅝܼ䄺िҹঞา ᢝ߽ᯖᎹⱘ 10 ৡᮄ㽓݄ঞৡ▇߽Ѯि⫳Ꮉ
㗙˄ V Biaukula ˈ WHO ᑇ⋟ᡔᴃᬃᣕ䚼ϾҎ䗮䆃 2014 ᑈ 12 ᳜ 18 ᮹ J Mansour ˈ▇߽Ѯि⫳䚼ϾҎ 䗮䆃 2014 ᑈ 12 ᳜ 17 ᮹ҹঞ S Gilbert ˈᮄ㽓݄ि⫳
䚼ϾҎ䗮䆃 2014 ᑈ 12 ᳜ 17 ᮹˅DŽḍ▇߽Ѯǃ ᮄ㽓݄ঞ᭤⌢ᆊि⫳ᴎᵘⱘᮍḜˈ᠔᳝⾏ᓔফ EVD ᕅડⱘᆊ˄ V Biaukula ˈ WHO ᑇ⋟ᡔᴃᬃᣕ䚼Ͼ Ҏ䗮䆃 2014 ᑈ 12 ᳜ 18 ᮹˅ᔦⱘि⫳Ꮉ㗙˄᮴䆎 ᰃ৺ߎ⦄⮛⢊˅ഛ䳔↣ᆊᅲᮑعᒋㄯᶹˈᑊ㹿ⲥ
⌟ 21 ˄मᢝ⮙↦⮙ⱘ᳔䭓┰ӣᳳ˅
[17,24,25]DŽ 㚠᱃䆘Ԅ
㚠᱃䆘Ԅᰃᣛᇍ䙷ѯᕅડҎ㕸㛚ᔅᗻⱘⳌ݇㋴䖯㸠
ⷨおˈҎ㕸ⱘ㛚ᔅᗻᰃᣛҎ㕸ᇍϢᶤϔ⾡ॅᆇ᳝݇ⱘ عᒋᕅડⱘ㛚ᔅ
[15]DŽᇍEVD㗠㿔ˈᅲᮑ乘䰆ǃޚঞ
ࠊᮑⱘ㛑Ϣ䰡Ԣ亢䰽∈ᑇ᳝݇DŽᴀ䆘Ԅᰃ
ᑓ⊯ᓔ ሩܼ⧗݀݅ि⫳ᑨᇍEVD⭿ᚙⱘ㸠ࡼǃҹঞ䖭 ѯ㸠ࡼᇍᑇ⋟ቯഄऎ䕧ܹEVD亢䰽ѻ⫳ֱᡸᗻ ᕅડⱘ㚠᱃ϟᅲᮑᅠ៤ⱘDŽ
ᴀ亢䰽䆘ԄᎹ⬅㒣偠ЄᆠǃҢџ݀݅ि⫳ⲥ
⌟ঞᑨᇍǃ⌕㸠⮙ᄺ⮙↦ᄺᎹⱘϧᆊᅲᮑᅠ៤ˈ ᑊϨ᠔᳝ϧᆊഛ᳝ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎҢџ݀݅ि
⫳乚ඳᎹⱘ㒣ग़DŽ䖭ѯ㒣ग़ࣙᣀⲥᑇ⋟ഄऎ IHR˄2005˅ⱘḌᖗ㛑
[14]DŽ䆘Ԅ㒧ᵰ⬅ϔ㒘᳝ᅲ 偠ᅸᮍ⊩ǃ⌕㸠⮙ᄺǃᛳᶧᗻ⮒⮙ǃ亢䰽≳䗮ᑨᗹ 䅵ߦㄝᮍ䴶㒣偠ⱘWHOϧᆊ䖯㸠ᅵ䯙DŽ
䗮䖛݅ৠ㗙ǃWHOᗕਞঞएᄺ᭛⤂ߚᵤ
᭛⤂Ẕ㋶㋏㒳ˈᬊ䲚मᢝ⮙↦ⱘ⌕㸠⮙ᄺᔧࠡ
मᢝ⭿ᚙⱘ⾥ᄺ᭛⤂DŽ
㒧ᵰ
ॅᆇ䆘Ԅ
EVDᰃϔ⾡Ϲ䞡ⱘǃᐌᇐ㟈⅏ѵⱘ⮒⮙ˈ≵᳝ᅲᮑ ܙߚⱘϾҎ䰆ᡸᮑᯊˈᕜᆍᯧথ⫳ᛳᶧᙷ㗙݊Ҫ ҎⱘӴ᪁˗Ⳃࠡ䅸Ўˈᙷ㗙ߎ⦄⮛⢊ࠡˈϡ᳝Ӵ ᶧⱘ亢䰽
[2]DŽEVDⱘ┰ӣᳳᰃ2㟇21
[12,16]DŽ
EVD ⱘҎӴҎ䗮ᐌᰃ⬅Ⳉ㾺᳝⮛⢊ⱘ EVD ⮙
՟⅏Ѣ EVD ⱘᙷ㗙㸔⎆ǃߚ⊠⠽ǃ఼ᅬ݊Ҫԧ⎆
䗮䖛⸈ᤳⱘⲂ㙸㉬㝰᠔㟈
[3,17]DŽሑㅵ䖭⾡Ⳉ
㾺Ӵ᪁ϡᐌথ⫳ˈԚ㾺ফϞ䗄ԧ⎆∵ᶧⱘ㸼䴶⠽
᭭˄བᆱǃᙷ㗙ⱘ㸷᳡˅᠔থ⫳ⱘ䯈ᲈ䴆гৃ㛑 ᇐ㟈ᛳᶧDŽ㒣ᐌᇍ⠽㸼䖯㸠⍜↦ˈЈᑞ⦃๗Ё߭ϡ
ৃ㛑থ⫳ҹ∵ᶧ⠽Ўၦҟ᠔ᇐ㟈ⱘӴ᪁
[18]DŽⳈᲈ 䴆Ѣᛳᶧ⮙՟ҪӀⱘ㸔⎆ԧ⎆ⱘҎ㕸ˈབᅲᮑ
᳝ᬜϾҎ䰆ᡸᮑ˄ PPE ˅ⱘएᡸҎਬǃए䰶ᆊᒁ ⱘ݊Ҫᡸ⧚Ҏਬˈ໘⧚ EVD ⅏ѵ⮙՟ሌԧⱘҎਬˈ ഛᰃमᢝ⮙↦ᲈ䴆ঞᛳᶧⱘ催亢䰽Ҏ㕸
[3,12,19–21]DŽ
ᛳᶧ⮙՟ߎ⦄⮛⢊ᯊˈ݊㸔⎆Ёⱘमᢝ⮙↦
㱑ৃẔ⌟ˈԚ໘Ѣ䕗Ԣ∈ᑇ˗ߎ⦄⮛⢊ⱘ 3 ৢˈ
݊⮙↦䕑䞣ᠡ㛑䖒ࠄৃ䴴ⱘẔ⌟∈ᑇDŽথ⮙ⱘᮽᳳ
䰊↉ˈ⮙↦䕑䞣ਜᇍ᭄ࡴˈЈᑞᒋᳳ߭ਜᇍ᭄
ϟ䰡DŽ EVD ⅏ѵ⮙՟ⱘሌԧҡ໘Ѣ䕗催ⱘ⮙↦ᛳᶧ⢊
ᗕˈℸ᳝催ᑺӴᶧᗻDŽথ⮙ᮽᳳঞᒋ䰊↉ˈ
݊Ҫԧ⎆བ㊒⎆ǃч∕ҹঞ⎆ЁгৃẔ⌟ࠄम ᢝ⮙↦
[22]DŽ
ᲈ䴆䆘Ԅ
ℶ2015ᑈ3᳜ˈEVDᲈথഛሔ䰤Ѣ㽓䴲ᆊˈᑊϨ
া᳝3՟EVD⮙՟䆹ऎඳПথ⫳ᛳᶧDŽ᠔᳝䴲㽓䴲
ᆊᛳᶧⱘ⮙՟ഛϢ㽓䴲থ⫳ⱘᲈথ᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘ⌕㸠
⮙ᄺ㘨㋏
[19,23]DŽ
ᇍথ⮙ⱘᮙ㸠㗙䖯㸠䱨⾏ঞ䆓䇜ⱘᴎࠊDŽ䖭ѯࡾ䖯 ϔℹޣᇥњEVDᇍᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⱘ䕧ܹ亢䰽DŽ
ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎᇍ᳝㛑Ẕ⌟ EVD ⱘᅲ偠 ᅸᴎᵘⱘ߽⫼䖬䴲ᐌ᳝䰤DŽ䎱⾏᳔䖥ⱘৃẔ⌟ EVD ⱘᅲ偠ᅸᰃԡѢ▇߽Ѯᇨᴀ˄ҙᰃ乘ᅲ偠˅ⱘ㓈
߽ѮӴᶧ⮙খ↨ᅲ偠ᅸԡѢ㕢Ѯ⡍݄㕢
⮒⮙乘䰆ࠊЁᖗⱘ WHO ড়Ёᖗᅲ偠ᅸ˄⹂䅸ᅲ 偠ᅸ˅
[27]DŽᇚᷛᴀ䕀䖤㟇䖭ѯᴎᵘⱘᯊ䯈Ў 1–7 ˗
ℸˈि⫳ᴎᵘ䳔㽕佪ܜѢЈᑞ䆞ᮁ䞛প㸠ࡼDŽ 亢䰽⡍ᕕ
㸼1ὖ䗄ⱘ亢䰽⡍ᕕֵᙃᦤ⼎ˈEVDᇍᑇ⋟ቯഄ
ऎ䕧ܹⱘৃ㛑ᗻ䴲ᐌԢˈ⡍߿ᰃݙѮǃ߽↨䞠Ѯҹ ঞาᢝ߽ᯖⱘᲈথⳂࠡ䛑໘Ѣ〇ᅮ⢊ᗕDŽ✊㗠ˈⳂࠡ
䆌ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⲥ⌟ǃᑨᇍঞᛳᶧ乘䰆ࠊ ㄝᮍ䴶ഛ㛑ϡ䎇ˈ؛བথ⫳EVD䕧ܹˈ᮴䆎ᇍ݀݅
ि⫳䖬ᰃᑓ⊯ⱘ⼒Ӯˈ䛑Ӯ䗴៤Ϲ䞡ⱘৢᵰDŽⲥ
⌟ǃᛳᶧ乘䰆ࠊҹঞᲈথᑨᇍᮍ䴶ᵘᓎḌᖗIHR
˄2005˅䩜ᇍEVDⱘ㛑ᓎ䆒ˈᰃ᳝ᖙ㽕ⱘᑊϨ ᇚ᳝ࡽѢᔎᑇ⋟ഄऎᇍ⾡ॅᆇⱘ乘䄺ᑨᇍ㛑
DŽ
䅼䆎
㱑✊ EVD ᇍᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⱘ䕧ܹৃ㛑ᗻᕜԢˈ亢 䰽䆘Ԅ䖬ᰃߌᰒњᑇ⋟ቯഄऎ䳔㽕䆘Ԅঞࡴᔎ ҪӀⱘ݀݅ि⫳Ḍᖗ㛑ˈҹ᳝ᬜഄথ⦄ᑨᇍ⭥Ԑ
⹂䆞 EVD ⮙՟DŽᑨḍ WHO Āमᢝ㸠ࡼḚᶊāЁ
ܹ߫ⱘ㛑
[28]ˈخད EVD ᑨᇍޚˈ䖭ѯ㛑ࣙᣀᣛ
Ϣࠊǃⲥ⌟ǃ亢䰽䆘Ԅડᑨǃᅲ偠ᅸǃЈᑞㅵ
⧚ǃᛳᶧ乘䰆ࠊǃ݀݅ि⫳ᑆ乘˄ࣙᣀ䙷ѯ
㱑✊ϡ㗗㰥⮛⢊ߎ⦄Ϣ৺ˈফ EVD ᛳᶧⱘᙷ㗙ᢉ 䖒ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎҹঞ⊓䗨䙓ᓔ᠔᳝ㄯᶹᴎࠊⱘ
ৃ㛑ᗻ䴲ᐌᇣˈԚ䖭⾡亢䰽䖬ᰃৃ㛑ᄬDŽ㱑✊ᑇ
⋟ቯഄऎ⼒ऎথ⦄ǃ䞛পҹ⼒ऎЎ⸔ⱘ݀݅
ि⫳ࠊᮑ˄བ㾺㗙䗑䏾ǃ亢䰽≳䗮˅ˈᑨᇍ EVD ⱘ㛑ഄऎ䯈ᄬᕜᏂᓖˈԚᭈԧϞ䖭ѯ㛑
䴲ᐌ᳝䰤DŽ᠔᳝ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎഛࡴᔎᇍम ᢝⱘᑨᇍˈ✊㗠ˈ⦄᳝ⱘ䌘⑤ঞҎ䰤ࠊǃഄ⧚Ϟⱘ 䱨⾏ǃ᳝䰤ⱘ䗮䆃䆒ҹঞফৢࢸֱ䱰䰤ࠊഛ៤Ў
ⷁᯊ䯈ݙ䲒ҹ⒵䎇ᑨᇍޚⱘЏ㽕䱰DŽ
2014ᑈ10᳜ᇍWHO㽓ᑇ⋟ഄऎ៤ਬ˄݊Ё Ͼᰃᑇ⋟ቯ˅ᓔሩⱘ䇗ᶹˈᮼ䆘Ԅ៤ਬᇍ EVDⱘᑨᇍDŽ䇗ᶹߌᰒњᑇ⋟ቯ㦋ᕫᖙ㽕Ḍᖗ 㛑ⱘ㭘ᔅ⦃㡖DŽ䇗ᶹথ⦄খϢ䇗ᶹⱘ13Ͼᑇ⋟
ቯЁˈ᳝4Ͼᆊ˄31%˅ਞ䖬≵᳝ᅮ⚍ⱘए⭫ᡸ
⧚ᴎᵘᇍEVD⭥Ԑ⹂䆞ᙷ㗙䖯㸠䱨⾏DŽᑊϨˈҙ᳝
2ϾᆊਞᴀܙߚⱘPPEկᑨ㛑ˈৃҹᇍ EVD䖯㸠ᖿ䗳ᑨᇍᑊ䞛পೈฉ㸠ࡼDŽ䇗ᶹ㸼ᯢˈ᠔᳝
ⱘᑇ⋟ቯᬓᑰᇍEVD⭿ᚙᗕⱘ݇⊼ᑺ䕗催ˈഛ
ⲥܼ⧗ᗕ˗Ԛᰃˈᕜᇥ˄n = 4˗31%˅ᓔሩњ 䩜ᇍᴀⱘ亢䰽䆘ԄDŽ9Ͼফ䇗ᶹⱘᑇ⋟ቯ㞾៥
ਞ⿄᳝ܙߚⱘᮽᳳ乘䄺ⲥ⌟㋏㒳ˈৃҹথ⦄┰
ⱘEVD⮙՟˗✊㗠ˈҙ᳝Ͼᆊ˄31%˅ਞ⿄Ꮖ㒣 ࠊᅮ䩜ᇍEVDⱘ䇗ᶹᮍḜˈᏆ㒣EVDᑨᇍᑣЁᇍ ᖿ䗳ડᑨ䯳ӡ䖯㸠њ䆁
[26]DŽ
ᇍܼ⧗㣗ೈ㗠㿔ˈᬓᑰǃ㟾ぎ݀ৌҹঞЏ㽕ⱘ
䰙ᮙ㸠ᵶ㒑ℷᇍ EVD 䖯㸠ⲥ⌟˄ࣙᣀফᕅડᆊ ⱘ⾏๗ㄯᶹ˅ˈҹᳳ䗮䖛णࡾ㒜ℶ䆹⮙ܼ⧗ⱘ Ӵ᪁DŽᑇ⋟ቯഄऎⱘ䰙ᴎഎгᏆ㒣ᓩܹ䩜ᇍ EVD ⱘعᒋঞᮙ㸠⬇वҹᇍᢉ๗Ьᅶ䖯㸠ㄯᶹˈ
ᴎഎᢉ䖒ख़䖬থᏗњ EVD 亢䰽≳䗮ֵᙃᑊᏆᓎゟ
㸼 1. 2015 ᑈ 2 ᳜ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎ䕧ܹमᢝ⮙↦⮙˄ EVD ˅ⱘ亢䰽⡍ᕕⶽ䰉
ॅᆇ ᲈ䴆 㚠᱃
EVD䕧ܹᑇ
⋟ቯഄऎ ⱘৃ㛑ᗻ
ϔ⾡催Ӵᶧᗻⱘ⮙↦
Ӵ᪁䳔㽕Ϣ᳝⮛⢊ᛳᶧ㗙⅏Ѣ EVDⱘ⮙՟ⱘ㸔⎆ԧ⎆ⱘⳈ
㾺ˈ㗙Ⳉ㾺㹿ᛳᶧ㗙ⱘ 㸔⎆ԧ⎆∵ᶧⱘ⦃๗DŽ
থ⦄Јᑞ⦃๗∵ᶧ⠽Ӵ᪁ⱘ 䆕DŽ
⮙՟ⱘ⮙↦䕑䞣催ˈᛳᶧࠖ䞣 ᕜԢDŽ
ⳂࠡEVDᲈথҙሔ䰤㽓䴲ˈϢᑇ⋟ቯ
ഄऎ䎱⾏䘹䖰DŽ
ᲈ䴆亢䰽ԢˈेՓফᕅડⱘᆊϢᑇ⋟ቯ
ഄऎП䯈ᄬᮙ㸠䌌ᯧⱘ㘨㋏DŽ 䭓┰ӣᳳᛣੇⴔ䰙ᮙ㸠㗙Ёᄬߎ⦄᮴⮛⢊
⮙՟ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽ
ᴹ㞾ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎϢ䚏䖥ᆊᏆ㒣⌒䘷ᇥ
᭄ᬥᧈݯ䯳ҎਬࠄফEVDᕅડⱘഄऎDŽ ᇍᔦⱘᮙ㸠㗙ᅲᮑܹ๗ৢⱘẔ⭿ˈࣙᣀᣕ㓁 21ⱘሙᆊ㞾៥عᒋⲥ⌟ˈབᵰߎ⦄⮛⢊㽕 䖯㸠ਞDŽ
ܼ⧗ᗻᓔሩEVDⱘⲥ⌟ˈᇚޣ ᇥEVD⮙՟䕧ܹᑇ⋟ቯ
ഄऎⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽ
㢹⮙↦䕧ܹˈᑇ⋟ቯഄ
ऎⱘᑨᇍ㛑ᄬ䕗Ꮒ䎱DŽ
᳝EVDẔ⌟㛑ⱘᅲ偠ᅸ᳝
䰤ˈᇚᇐ㟈ᓊ䇃ঞᯊᑨᇍˈᑊ Ϩ䳔㽕ѢЈᑞ㸼⦄ᓔሩ݀݅
ि⫳ᑨᇍDŽ
ৃ㛑Ӯᇍ䌘⑤ѻ⫳ᕜⱘᕅ ડDŽ
ᇍ݀݅ि⫳ⱘ ᕅડ
ᛳᶧৢᇐ㟈䞡⮛ˈᐌথ⫳⅏ѵDŽ 催ԣ䰶⥛⮙⅏⥛DŽ
ৃ㛑ᇍ݊Ҫعᒋ乍Ⳃᏺᴹ䋳䴶ᕅ ડˈབҢ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠䌘⑤ⱘ ݡߚ䜡DŽ
ि⫳ֱعᎹ㗙ǃEVDᛳᶧ⮙՟ⱘᡸ⧚Ҏਬˈ
Ϣ⅏ѵ⮙՟㸔⎆ǃԧ⎆఼ᅬ㾺ⱘҎਬᰃ 㹿ᛳᶧⱘ催亢䰽Ҏ㕸DŽ
5ቕҹϟܓスǃ㗕ᑈҎᄩཛᰃᛳᶧৢথ⫳⅏
ѵⱘ催亢䰽Ҏ㕸DŽ
䆌ᑇ⋟ቯഄऎEVD ᑨᇍޚⱘḌᖗ㛑Ϟ䕗Ў 㭘ᔅDŽ
খ㗗᭛⤂
1. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/history/chronology.html, accessed 15 December 2014).
2. Ebola virus disease. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2014 (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/, accessed 15 December 2014).
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Washington, DC, American Public Health Association and World Health Organization, 2008.
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NEJMp1413084 pmid:25372854
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during an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: experience from Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999, 179 (Suppl 1):S263–267.
doi:10.1086/514320 pmid:9988193
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Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1983, 61:997–1003.
pmid:6370486
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International Study Team. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1978, 56:247–270. pmid:307455
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the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections.
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doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411100 pmid:25244186
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䰙ܹ๗⚍ⱘᑆ乘˅ҹঞ亢䰽≳䗮DŽ⬅Ѣ᭄݀݅ि
⫳ᑨᗹડᑨ䛑䳔㽕䖭ѯ㛑ˈℸˈ䩜ᇍEVD࿕㚕ⱘ 䖭ѯޚᎹˈгヺড়䰙ि⫳ᴵ՟˄2005˅㾘ᅮˈ ᇍᔎ࣪⾡ॅᆇⱘ݀݅ि⫳ᑨᇍޚˈᇚӮѻ⫳⏅䖰 ᛣНDŽ
㱑✊Āमᢝ㸠ࡼḚᶊā߫Вⱘ乍㛑䛑ᕜ 䞡㽕ˈԚᇍᑇ⋟ቯഄऎ㗠㿔ˈ᳔䖿ߛ䳔㽕㾷އ ⱘᰃ⹂ֱ᳝䗖ড়ⱘ䱨⾏ᴎᵘˈҹ⫼Ѣ⭥Ԑ⹂䆞EVD
⮙՟ⱘᬊ⊏⭫DŽ䖭ѯ䱨⾏ᴎᵘ䳔㽕䜡ܙ䎇ⱘ䌘
⑤ˈEVDЈᑞㅵ⧚EVDⳌ݇ⱘᛳᶧ乘䰆ࠊ ᮍ䴶㒣䖛䆁ⱘϧϮҎਬǃPPEⱘ䗖ᔧټঞᯊ䇗 䜡㋏㒳ˈҹঞЈᑞঞҎ㉏ᑳᓗ⠽ᅝܼㅵ⧚ࠊᑺDŽ
ᴀ亢䰽䆘Ԅгᄬϔᅮⱘሔ䰤ᗻDŽҙᇍ䆒ᅮⱘ ϔϾᯊ⚍˄ᴀ᭛ᰃ 2015 ᑈ 3 ᳜˅ⱘ⌕㸠⮙ᄺঞ㚠᱃ᗕ
䖯㸠䆘Ԅˈ䖬䳔㽕䩜ᇍᗕ䖯ሩߎ⦄ⱘᮄֵᙃ䖯 㸠ᮄDŽ䆘Ԅ㒧ᵰҙ䗖⫼Ѣᇚᑇ⋟ഄऎЎϔϾᭈ ԧˈᑊ≵᳝䆘Ԅᑇ⋟ቯഄऎЁⱘᇍ EVD ⱘ 亢䰽ǃᑨᇍ㛑ⱘᏂᓖᗻDŽ៥Ӏ哧ࢅᑇ⋟ቯᓔሩ
ⱘ亢䰽䆘Ԅˈ䖯ϔℹ㋶ᴀ㸠ᬓ䕪ऎⱘ⡍⅞ ᲈ䴆∈ᑇǃᇍ EVD 㛚ᔅᗻᘶ㛑DŽ᳔ৢˈ亢䰽䆘 Ԅᴀ䋼ϞᰃϔϾЏ㾖ⱘ㒧ᵰˈℸˈ݊Ҫ亢䰽䆘Ԅ г䆌Ӯߎ⦄ϡৠⱘ㒧ᵰDŽ
߽Ⲟކさ
᮴DŽ 㒣䌍䌘ࡽ
᮴DŽ 㟈䇶
ᛳ䇶मᢝᑨᗹᬃᣕᇣ㒘ⱘᣕ㓁ᬃᣕDŽᛳ䇶㒑वᮃᇨ
ᄺ˄▇߽Ѯ˅ⱘ David Durrheim ᬭᥜҹঞ Beverly Paterson मᇍᴀ᭛ⱘ䆘䯙ҹঞҪӀ᳝Ӌؐⱘ䆘䯙ᛣ 㾕DŽ
ᓩ⫼ᴀ᭛ഄഔ˖
Craig AT et al. Risk posed by Ebola epidemic to the Pacific islands: findings of a recent World Health Organization assessment. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2015, 6(2):45–50. doi:10.5365/
wpsar.2015.6.1.009
www.nhs.uk/news/2014/07July/Pages/Ebola-threat-to-the-UK-is- very-low.aspx, accessed 31 December 2014).
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nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/ebola-updates/protocol- individuals-entering-new-zealand-after-assisting-ebola-response- affected-countries, accessed 18 December 2014).
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publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-ebola.htm/$File/EVD-SoNG.pdf, accessed 28 December 2014).
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Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2015, 6:1–7. doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.4.004
27. Biaukula V. PacNET post – Ebola Pacific Update #12 – Laboratory Testing 2014. Hawaii, Pacific Forum CSIS, 2014 (http://www.
wpro.who.int/southpacific/programmes/communicable_diseases/
disease_surveillance_response/pacnetebola13.pdf, accessed 10 December 2014).
28. Preparedness for potential outbreak of Ebola virus disease:
a framework for action in the Western Pacific Region. Manila, World Health Organization Regional Office for the W estern Pacific;
2014.
16. Eichner M, Dowell SF, Firese N. Incubation period of ebola hemorrhagic virus subtype zaire. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 2011, 2(1):3–7.
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from bodily fluids and fomites. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007, 196 (Suppl 2):S142–147. doi:10.1086/520545 pmid:17940942
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situation-reports/en/, accessed 22 February 2015).
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