埃塞俄比亚西北部基于事件的监测系统：现场的经验与教训

a ᮹ᴀᡫ㒧Ḍ⮙णӮˈ⏙▥ᏖˈϰҀˈ᮹ᴀˈ᮹ᴀ೑䰙ড়԰ᴎᵘ䰓ྚજᢝഄऎⲥ⌟੠ડᑨ乍ⳂˈᏈ䌿䖒ᇨˈ䰓ྚજᢝˈ඗า֘↨ѮDŽ

b 䰓ྚજᢝᎲि⫳ሔˈᏈ䌿䖒ᇨˈ䰓ྚજᢝˈ඗า֘↨ѮDŽ ᡩ〓᮹ᳳ˖2015ᑈ4᳜11᮹˗থ㸼᮹ᳳ˖2015ᑈ8᳜17᮹ doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.2.002

ׂ

䅶ৢⱘ೑䰙ि⫳ᴵ՟ϡҙᰃ䩜ᇍᶤ⾡݋ԧ

⮒⮙ˈᅗгࣙᣀӏԩϔ⾡عᒋ䯂乬ˈ᮴䆎 䖭Ͼ䯂乬ⱘᴹ⑤੠ॳ಴ᰃҔМ^[1]DŽ䖭ህ֗Փ њ෎Ѣџӊⲥ⌟㋏㒳˄EBS˅ⱘᓎゟˈ㽕∖㛑໳ᖿ䗳

ഄথ⦄ǃ᡹ਞǃ⹂䅸੠䆘Ӌ䙷ѯৃ㛑Ӯᕅડ݀ӫعᒋ ⱘ㔩㾕੠ᮄথعᒋџӊ^[2]DŽEBSг㹿⫼Ѣᬊ䲚೼䙷ѯϡ 㛑߽⫼ᐌ㾘⏴䘧㦋পि⫳᳡ࡵⱘҎ㕸Ёথ⫳ⱘџӊDŽ

಴Ў⼒ऎሙ⇥ᇍि⫳ֱعᴎᵘⱘ߽⫼䴲ᐌ᳝䰤ˈᇸ݊

ᰃ೼඗า֘↨Ѯⱘݰᴥഄऎ^[3–5]ˈ಴ℸ඗า֘↨Ѯ㘨䙺

ि⫳䚼Ѣ2011ᑈ৥৘Ꮂǃഄऎҹঞওऎि⫳ࡲ݀ᅸߚ থњ䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄㸼˄ϔ⾡䆄ᔩᲈথֵᙃⱘⱏ䆄˅ˈ

԰Ў෎Ѣџӊⲥ⌟㋏㒳ⱘ䆄ᔩᎹ݋^[6]DŽԚᰃˈ䖭ѯⱏ 䆄㸼߽⫼⥛ᕜԢˈওऎЁҙ䆄ᔩњᕜᇥⱘџӊDŽ

᮹ᴀ೑䰙ড়԰ᴎᵘ੠䰓ྚજᢝᎲि⫳ሔ˄ANRS-

HB˅㘨ড়ᓔሩњϔϾᡔᴃড়԰乍Ⳃˈᮼ೼ࡴᔎ඗า

֘↨Ѯ㽓࣫䚼䰓ྚજᢝഄऎ2008–2015ᑈᳳ䯈ⱘӴᶧ

⮙ⲥ⌟੠ᑨᇍ㛑࡯DŽ䆹乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ೼2013ᑈࡴᔎEBS㋏

㒳ˈᑊᇚ䇷㿔ֵᙃ䆄ᔩ㸼䖯ϔℹ᥼ᑓࠄ22Ͼⷨおওऎ ⱘि⫳ֱعЁᖗ˄HCs˅DŽᴀⷨおᦣ䗄њ೼Փ⫼䇷㿔ⱏ 䆄㸼ⱘि⫳ֱعЁᖗᓔሩEBSⲥ⌟ⱘ㒣偠ˈᑊᇍ䆹ⲥ

⌟㋏㒳2013-2014ᑈᳳ䯈ⱘᅲᮑᚙމ䖯㸠ᘏ㒧DŽ

ᮍ⊩

ⷨお⦄എ

䰓ྚજᢝᎲᰃ඗า֘↨ѮҎষ㄀Ѡ໮ⱘᎲˈ㑺᳝2000 ϛDŽ䆹Ꮂ㸠ᬓऎߦࣙᣀ10Ͼഄऎˈ167Ͼওऎ੠3Ͼ

඗า֘↨Ѯ㽓࣫䚼෎Ѣџӊⱘⲥ⌟㋏㒳˖⦄

എⱘ㒣偠Ϣᬭ䆁

Yumi Toyama

^a

ˈ Masaki Ota

^a

੠ Belay Bezabih Beyene

^b

䗮䆃԰㗙˖ Yumi Toyama (⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ: ytoyama@jatahq.org).

Ꮦ䕪ऎDŽ㒣Ϣ䰓ྚજᢝᎲि⫳ሔ䅼䆎ৢˈއᅮ䞛⫼ᮍ

֓ᢑḋⱘᮍ⊩೼3ϾഄऎЁ䗝ᢽњ䚼ߚওऎᓔሩᴀ⃵ⷨ

おDŽ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘ䅵ߦ੠ᅲᮑ

乍Ⳃ㒘Ϣ䰓ྚજᢝᎲि⫳ሔ೼

2013

ᑈᑈЁⱘᯊ׭ী

ᓔњϸ⃵ⷨ䅼Ӯˈ䅼䆎བԩࡴᔎ䰓ྚજᢝᎲⱘ

EBS

ⲥ

⌟㋏㒳ˈᇸ݊ᰃབԩ䆄ᔩ੠ⲥ⌟

EBS

㋏㒳Ё⼒ऎᖫᜓ

㗙ⱘখϢᚙމDŽ᳔ৢއᅮ䖯ϔℹᠽ໻⦄᳝ⱘ䇷㿔ֵᙃ ⱏ䆄㸼ⱘՓ⫼ˈᇚᅗӀᠧॄߎᴹᑊߚথࠄि⫳᳡ࡵЁ ᖗˈᓔሩ

EBS

ⲥ⌟DŽ䆹乍Ⳃ೼

2013

ᑈ

10

᳜৥

22

Ͼ乍Ⳃ ওऎⱘ

175

ᆊि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗߚথњⱏ䆄㸼DŽ

乍Ⳃ㒘Ўि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘⲥ⌟Ҏਬҟ㒡њ䇷㿔ֵ

ᙃⱏ䆄㸼ⱘՓ⫼ᮍ⊩DŽওऎि⫳ࡲ݀ᅸ䋳䋷ⲥ⌟Ꮉ԰

ⱘᅬਬ੠乍Ⳃ㒘↣ᄷᑺࠄि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗএᓔሩϔ⃵ⴷ ᇐDŽ䗮䖛ᇍि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⲥ⌟Ҏਬ䖯㸠䆓䇜ˈњ㾷Ϟ ϔᄷᑺᓖᐌعᒋџӊⱘথ⫳ᚙމˈᑊᶹⳟ䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ 䆄㸼䖯㸠໡ḌDŽབᵰথ⦄ⲥ⌟Ҏਬᦤࠄⱘџӊ᳾㹿䆄 ᔩϟᴹˈ߭哧ࢅҪӀᇚ䖭ѯџӊⱏ䆄೼䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄 㸼ϞDŽ

ᅲᮑ䖛⿟

⼒ऎ੠ि⫳キ

2012

ᑈ ˈ 㘨 䙺 ि ⫳ 䚼 ߯ ࡲ њ ϔ ᬃ ع ᒋ থ ሩ ಶ 䯳

˄HDAs˅ˈ䆹ಶ䯳ᰃϔϾҹᖫᜓ㗙Ў෎⸔ⱘ⼒ऎि⫳

Ӌ^[8,9]DŽ䰇ᗻ乘⌟ؐᰃᣛ᠔᳝ⱏ䆄ⱘ䇷㿔Ё㹿ḌᅲЎ ⳳᅲџӊⱘ↨՟DŽ㋏㒳ৃ᥹ফᗻᰃᣛ᠔᳝ⱏ䆄ⱘ䇷㿔 Ёᴹ⑤Ѣ⼒ऎሙ⇥ⱘ䇷㿔ⱘ↨՟DŽ೼᡹ਞ੠ડᑨⱘঞ ᯊᗻᮍ䴶ˈĀ᡹ਞᯊ䯈āᰃᣛҢџӊথ⫳ࠄџӊ㹿 ⱏ䆄ⱘᯊ䯈ˈĀि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘડᑨᯊ䯈āᰃᣛҢџ ӊ㹿ⱏ䆄ࠄि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗᓔྟ䇗ᶹ⭥Ԑџӊⱘᯊ䯈DŽ ঞᯊᗻᰃᣛि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ᡹ਞ੠ડᑨᯊ䯈ⱘ䭓ⷁDŽ ᴀ᭛ҙᇍⱏ䆄ֵᙃЁϝϾ᮹ᳳഛ唤ܼⱘџӊ䖯㸠ߚ ᵤDŽ

㒧ᵰ

ᴀⷨお݅ࣙᣀњ

3

Ͼഄऎⱘ

22

ϾওऎˈᘏҎষ

450

ϛ

˄೒

1

˅DŽ೼

22

ϾওऎЁ䗝ᢽњ

59

ᆊि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ

˄

HCs

˅ˈᇍ݊Ё

6

Ͼ䆩⚍ওऎᓔሩњ᳈ϹḐⱘⴷᇐˈ ᇚЬ䔺ৃࠄ䖒ⱘ

36

ᆊि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗܼ䚼㒇ܹⷨおDŽ೼

঺໪

16

ᆊ䆩⚍ওऎЁˈ↣Ͼওऎা䗝ᢽњ

1–2

ᆊЬ䔺

ৃࠄ䖒ⱘि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗˈ݅

23

ᆊDŽ

2014ᑈ5᳜੠11᳜ˈ59ᆊि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗߚ߿᳝

ᆊ˄69%˅੠ᆊ˄92%˅ᦤկњ䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄㸼

⫼ѢߚᵤDŽҢ2013ᑈ10᳜—2014ᑈ᳜ˈ59ᆊि⫳

᳡ࡵЁᖗЁˈ᳝38ᆊ݅ⱏ䆄њ126Ͼᲈথ៪݀݅ि⫳

ᑨᗹџӊⱘ䇷㿔ˈ݊Ё

109Ͼ˄87%˅䇷㿔ᴹ㞾6Ͼ

乍ⳂওऎDŽ

126Ͼ䇷㿔Ёˈ81Ͼ˄64%˅㹿ḌᅲЎ

ⳳᅲⱘ݀݅ि⫳џӊˈ

16Ͼ˄13%˅㹿ᥦ䰸ˈ29Ͼ

˄23%˅᳾䆄ᔩ䇗ᶹ㒧ᵰDŽ䇷㿔ⲥ⌟ⱘ䰇ᗻ乘⌟ؐЎ

0.64˄81/126˅DŽ

೼

37

Ͼ˄

29%

˅ᯊ䯈ֵᙃⱏ䆄ᅠᭈⱘџӊЁˈᑇ ഛ᡹ਞᯊ䯈Ў

3.8

໽˄

95%

ৃֵऎ䯈Ў

2.2–5.3

໽˅ˈ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘᑇഛડᑨᯊ䯈Ў

0.6

໽˄

95%

ৃֵऎ䯈 Ў

0.1–1.2

໽˅ˈᘏԧડᑨᯊ䯈Ў

4.4

໽˄

95%

ৃֵऎ 䯈Ў

2.8

໽

–6.0

໽˅DŽ

㸼1ᰒ ⼎ њ ⱏ 䆄 ⱘ 䇷 㿔 ⱘ ߚ Ꮧ ⡍ ᕕ ҹ ঞ ↣ 䍋 џ ӊ ᠔ 䞛 প ⱘ 㸠 ࡼ ㉏ ൟ DŽ ᳔ ᐌ ᡹ ਞ ⱘ 䇷 㿔 ᰃ 咏 ⮍

˄n=90/126ˈ71%˅ˈ݊⃵Ў⢖⢀⮙˄n=14/126ˈ

11%˅DŽ݊ᅗ䇷㿔㉏ൟࣙᣀ⚁⮑˄ n=5˅ˈⱒ᮹ઇ

˄n=3˅੠ᗹᗻᓯ㓧ᗻ咏⯍㛞傧♄䋼♢˄n=2˅DŽᇍ Ḍᅲⱘ咏⮍ᲈথ˄n=57˅䞛পⱘ᳔ᐌ㾕ᑨᇍ᥾ᮑᰃ

⮙՟ㅵ⧚˄n=43/57ˈ75%˅ˈ݊⃵ЎЏࡼ⮙՟᧰㋶

˄n=7/57ˈ12%˅੠⭿㢫᥹⾡˄n=2/57ˈ4%˅DŽᇍ Ѣ⢖⢀⮙⭥Ԑᲈথ⭿ᚙ˄n=8˅݊Ё䍋⭿ᚙ᳾䆄ᔩ ᓔሩⱘ㸠ࡼˈ঺໪ϔ䍋⭿ᚙ᳾䆄ᔩᰃ৺䖯㸠ડᑨDŽ᳝

5䍋Ḍᅲৢⱘ⚁⮑ᲈথ⭿ᚙ᮴⊩߸ᮁᰃ৺䖯㸠њડᑨ

˄n=5˅DŽ䇷㿔᡹ਞЏ㽕ᴹ㞾⼒ऎሙ⇥˄n=38/126ˈ

30%˅ˈ݊⃵Ўि⫳キⱘᎹ԰Ҏਬ˄ n=36/126ˈ 29%˅ˈ㗠ҪӀ᡹ਞⱘ䇷㿔䗮ᐌгᰃ⬅⼒ऎሙ⇥ਞ n=26˅ ˈ ݊ ᅗ ि ⫳ ᴎ

䯳ˈᅗ䗮䖛߽⫼ᬓᑰि⫳ᴎᵘЁ⦄᳝ⱘҎ࡯䌘⑤ᴹ᥼

ࡼ⼒ऎⱘعᒋ֗䖯^[7]DŽ䆹䯳ӡ߯ᓎњϔϾĀ↣Ѩ᠋ᆊ ᒁϔৡᖫᜓ㗙āⱘ㔥㒰㒧ᵘ^[7]ˈᑊᬊ䲚⼒ऎᆊᒁЁⱘ عᒋⳌֵ݇ᙃDŽ೼ᓔሩ෎Ѣџӊⱘⲥ⌟ᯊˈ⼒ऎعᒋ

֗䖯ਬ˄HEWs˅ᣛᇐHDAsҎਬ৥ि⫳キ੠ि⫳ֱع Ёᖗ᡹ਞ᠔᳝ⱘӴᶧ⮙ᲈথ੠ᓖᐌعᒋџӊˈᇸ݊ᰃ

⍝ঞ໮՟ϡᯢॳ಴⅏ѵⱘџӊDŽि⫳キⱘ↣ϔৡ⼒ऎ عᒋ֗䖯ਬ໻㑺᳡ࡵ5000ৡሙ⇥DŽᖙ㽕ᯊˈ⼒ऎعᒋ

֗䖯ਬ੠HDAsҎਬгӮᇍ⼒ऎЁⱘ䇷㿔䖯㸠Ḍᅲˈ 乍Ⳃ㒘੠ওऎि⫳ᅬਬ೼ⴷᇐᯊ䗮䖛Ϣि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ ⲥ⌟Ҏਬⱘ䆓䇜ᇍҪӀⱘ⌏ࡼ䖯㸠䎳䏾њ㾷DŽ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘⲥ⌟Ҏਬᇚ⼒ऎ៪ि⫳キ᡹ਞⱘ䇷㿔 ⱏ䆄೼䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄㸼ϞDŽ↣Ͼि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ᳡ࡵ

Ҏষ໻㑺25 000ҎDŽⲥ⌟ҎਬᇚḌᅲৢⱘ䇷㿔᡹ਞ㒭 ऎि⫳ࡲ݀ᅸDŽḌᅲⱘ㒧ᵰ੠ᑨᇍ㸠ࡼг㽕䆄ᔩ೼ⱏ 䆄㸼ϞDŽ

ऎि⫳ࡲ݀ᅸ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ᥹ࠄ᡹ਞৢˈऎि⫳ࡲ݀ᅸⱘⲥⴷҎਬ ᇚणࡽि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘᎹ԰Ҏਬᇍ䇷㿔䖯㸠Ḍᅲˈᑊ ᇍᖙ㽕ⱘᑨᇍ⌏ࡼ䖯㸠ᣛᇐˈৠᯊϢഄऎ੠Ꮂि⫳䚼 䮼䖯㸠≳䗮ˈᇏ∖䖯ϔℹⱘᧈࡽ੠ৢࢸկᑨDŽҪӀ↣

ᄷᑺᇍि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⴷᇐᯊгᇍ䇷㿔ֵᙃ䆄ᔩ㸼ⱘՓ

⫼ᚙމ䖯㸠ẔᶹDŽ

᭄᥂ব䞣

ᴀⷨおЁࣙᣀњऎ៪᳈催㑻ि⫳䚼䮼䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄 㸼Ёⱘ᠔᳝ব䞣ˈ䖭ѯব䞣ࣙᣀ˖˄

1

˅⭿ᚙџӊ ⱘ থ ⫳ ᮹ ᳳ ˗ ˄

2

˅ 佪 ՟ ࠄ ि ⫳ ᴎ ᵘ ህ 䆞 ⱘ ᮹ ᳳ ˗

˄

3

˅ⱏ䆄᮹ᳳ˗˄

4

˅ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗᇍ⭥Ԑ⭿ᚙᓔྟ

䇗ᶹⱘ᮹ᳳ˗˄

5

˅ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ৥Ϟϔ㑻᡹ਞⱘ᮹

ᳳ˗˄

6

˅䞛পᑆ乘᥾ᮑⱘ᮹ᳳ˗˄

7

˅ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ ᬊࠄऎഄऎᎲ೑ᆊડᑨⱘ᮹ᳳ˗˄

8

˅عᒋ䯂乬៪

џӊ˗˄

9

˅䇷㿔ⱘᴹ⑤˗˄

10

˅џӊ᳔߱᡹ਞⱘ⮙

՟᭄˗˄

11

˅џӊথ⫳ⱘഄ⚍˗˄

12

˅䇗ᶹⱘ㒧ᵰ˗

˄

13

˅䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ

᭄᥂໘⧚੠㋏㒳䆘Ӌ

೼ᇍि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⴷᇐᯊ䳔ᬊ䲚ⱏ䆄ⱘ䇷㿔DŽᇚ᭄᥂

ᔩܹMicrosoft Excel 2013ˈՓ⫼ExcelЁĀৃֵऎ䯈ā

ࡳ㛑䅵ㅫџӊ᡹ਞᯊ䯈੠ડᑨᯊ䯈ⱘ95%ৃֵऎ䯈DŽ 䗮 䖛 䇷 㿔 ⱘ 䰇 ᗻ 乘 ⌟ ؐ ˄

PPV

˅ ǃ ᡹ ਞ ੠ ડ ᑨⱘঞᯊᗻˈҹঞৃ᥹ফᗻㄝᣛᷛᇍ

EBS

㋏㒳䖯㸠䆘

೒1. 䰓ྚજᢝখࡴⷨおওऎⱘߚᏗഄ೒

ᴹ⑤˖ᴹ㞾ArcGISഄ೒䖍⬠᭛ӊ˄http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=8296042ed8b14e428491dce57c5c2f7e˅DŽ

඗า֘↨Ѯ 䰓ྚજ

ᢝᎲ

೒՟

䋵ᖋᇨ࣫䚼ഄऎⱘওऎ 1 – Debark 2 – Dabat 3 – Wogera 4 – Lay Armachiho 5 – Chilga 6 – Takusa 7 – Alefa 8 – Denbia 9 – Gondar Zuria 10 – Mirab Belesa 䋵ᖋᇨफ䚼ഄऎⱘওऎ

11 – Libokemkem 12 – Ebinat 13 – Andabet 14 – Semada 15 – Tach Gaint ៜ䌒ྚ㽓䚼ഄऎⱘওऎ

16 – ࣫Achefer 17 – Mecha 18 – Sekela 19 – Buriezuria 20 – Jabi Tehnan 21 – Dembacha 22 – Yilmana Densa

ᵘ˄n=2˅੠ᄺ᷵˄n=2˅ⱘ䇷㿔᡹ਞ䕗ᇥDŽ22Ͼ

˄17%˅䇷㿔᮴ֵᙃᴹ⑤DŽ

៥Ӏᇚᐌ㾘ⱘ෎Ѣᣛᷛⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙

՟ⱘ䍟࢓Ϣि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ䗮䖛䇷㿔ⱏ䆄ⱘ咏⮍⮙՟䖯 㸠њ↨䕗˄೒

2

˅ˈѠ㗙᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙՟⡍ᕕⳌԐDŽ

೼

8

䍋㒣Ḍᅲⱘ⢖⢀⮙⢫઀Ӹⱘ䇷㿔џӊЁˈҙ᳝

1

՟ 㹿ᐌ㾘ⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞЎ⢖⢀⮙⮙՟DŽ೼

5

䍋

EBS

᡹ਞⱘ 㒣Ḍᅲⱘ⚁⮑⭿ᚙЁˈҙ᳝

2

՟㹿ᐌ㾘ⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞDŽ

2

՟㹿Ḍᅲⱘ⭥Ԑᗹᗻᓯ㓧ᗻ咏⯍㛞傧♄䋼♢ⱘ䇷 㿔 ˈ ҹ ঞ

1

՟ 㹿 Ḍ ᅲ Ў ⭥ Ԑ ᮄ ⫳ ܓ ⸈ Ӹ 亢 ⱘ ⮙ ՟ ˈ ᐌ㾘ⲥ⌟㋏㒳ഛ᳾᡹ਞDŽ⬅Ѣⱒ᮹ઇϡᰃ⊩ᅮ᡹ਞⱘ

⮒⮙ˈ᠔ҹ

3

՟ⱒ᮹ઇⱘ䇷㿔⮙՟ഛ᳾೼ᐌ㾘ⲥ⌟㋏㒳 Ё᡹ਞDŽ

䅼䆎

ᴀ ⷨ お ᦣ 䗄 њ ೼ ඗ า ֘ ↨ Ѯ 䰓 ྚ જ ᢝ Ꮂ 䆩 ⚍ 䖤 㸠 ⱘ ෎ Ѣ џ ӊ ⱘ ⲥ ⌟ ㋏ 㒳 ˈ ᑊ ᇍ 䆹 ㋏ 㒳 ೼

2013ᑈ10᳜—2014ᑈ᳜ᳳ䯈ⱏ䆄ⱘӴᶧ⮙ᲈথ

੠ᓖᐌџӊㄝ䇷㿔䖯㸠ߚᵤDŽᴀⷨお佪⃵᡹ਞњ೼䌘

⑤㔎У೑ᆊ䗮䖛ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗᬊ䲚⼒ऎЁ䇷㿔ᓔሩⱘ

෎Ѣџӊⱘⲥ⌟DŽ⬅Ѣ䆹ⲥ⌟㋏㒳ᅲᮑᮍ֓ˈ㗠Ϩ

ৃҹ೼Ꮖ᳝ⱘ෎Ѣᣛᷛⲥ⌟㋏㒳ⱘ෎⸔Ϟᓎゟˈ಴

ℸᇍ඗า֘↨Ѯ䖭㉏䌘⑤㔎Уⱘ೑ᆊᰃ䴲ᐌ᳝⫼ⱘDŽ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘⲥ⌟Ҏਬ䗮ᐌᏆ᥹ফ䖛⮒⮙ⲥ⌟ᮍ䴶 ⱘ෍䆁ˈࣙᣀᇍᬊ䲚ֵᙃǃḌᅲ⭿ᚙ੠ᖙ㽕ⱘ䇷㿔ᑨ ᇍDŽᓎゟ䖭⾡ⲥ⌟㋏㒳᠔䳔䌍⫼䴲ᐌᇥˈҙ䳔㽕ᇍⲥ

⌟Ҏਬ䖯㸠ㅔ㽕ⱘ䇈ᯢˈ✊ৢᠧॄ䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄㸼ᑊ ߚথࠄ৘ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗेৃDŽ㒣ᐌࠄि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗᓔ ሩⴷᇐ㹿䆕ᅲᰃ᳝ᬜⱘˈ೼ⴷᇐЁৃҹ哧ࢅⲥ⌟Ҏਬ ᬊ䲚ᑊⱏ䆄䇷㿔ֵᙃDŽⷨおг䆕ᯢথ㒭ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ ⱘ䇷㿔ֵᙃⱏ䆄㸼ᇍѢⲥ⌟џӊгᰃ᳝ᬜⱘDŽ

䇷㿔ⲥ⌟㋏㒳೼⼒ऎЁⱘৃ᥹ফ⿟ᑺг䕗催ˈ

໻㑺᳝ϝߚПϔⱘ䇷㿔ᴹ㞾⼒ऎሙ⇥ˈ㗠ҪӀ䛑ᰃ≵

᳝ӏԩ᡹䝀ⱘ㞾ᜓ㗙DŽᴀⷨおЁˈ䇷㿔᡹ਞⱘᑇഛ ᯊ䯈Ў3.8໽ˈ↨ᏈᏗѮᮄ޴ݙѮⷨおЁⱘᯊ䯈㽕ⷁ

˄10໽˅^[10]DŽ䖭ৃ㛑Ϣⲥ⌟㋏㒳Ңϡৠⱘ㑻߿㦋প䇷 㿔ֵᙃ᳝݇ˈᏈᏗѮᮄ޴ݙѮⱘⷨおᰃ೼೑ᆊሖ䴶Ϟ ᬊ䲚䇷㿔ֵᙃˈ㗠ᴀⷨおᰃ䗮䖛᳈᥹䖥⼒ऎҎ㕸ⱘि

⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗᬊ䲚䇷㿔ֵᙃDŽᏈᏗѮᮄ޴ݙѮⱘEBS㋏

㒳гᓎ䆂Ⳉ᥹ࠄ⼒ऎЁᬊ䲚ֵᙃ^[10]ˈ䖭Ϣᴀⷨお㒧ᵰ ᰃϔ㟈ⱘDŽ㱑✊඗า֘↨Ѯⱘ᡹ਞᯊ䯈ⷁѢᏈᏗѮᮄ

޴ݙѮˈԚᇍⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞџӊⱘડᑨ⥛ԢᇍϸϾ೑

ᆊᴹ䇈ഛᰃϔϾᣥ៬^[10]DŽ՟བˈᴀⷨおЁ咏⮍ᲈথᳳ

䯈EBSⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞњ໻䞣咏⮍⮙՟ˈԚҙ೼2Ͼഄऎ ᓔሩњܡ⭿᥹⾡⌏ࡼDŽ

㸼

1.

ⱏ䆄䇷㿔ⱘߚᏗ⡍ᕕ੠ડᑨ㉏ൟ

џӊ 䇷㿔᭄ (%) Ḍᅲ᭄ (%) 䞛প㸠ࡼ㉏ൟ* (n)*

咏⮍ 90 71 57 63 ⮙՟ㅵ⧚ 43

Џࡼ⮙՟᧰㋶ 7

᥹⾡⭿㢫 2

᮴᭄᥂ 7

᮴⊩߸ᮁ 6

⭥Ԑ⢖⢀⮙ 14 11 8 57 ҙ᳝ᑆ乘᮹ᳳˈ᳾䆄ᔩᅲ䰙䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼ 7

᮴᭄᥂ 1

⚁⮑ 5 4 5 100 ᮴⊩߸ᮁ 5

ⱒ᮹ઇ 4 3 3 75 Џࡼ⮙՟᧰㋶ˈ⮙՟ㅵ⧚ˈ⭿㢫᥹⾡ 1

᮴᭄᥂ 2

ᗹᗻᓯ㓧ᗻ咏⯍⮛㛞傧♄䋼♢ 4 3 2 50 ⮙՟ㅵ⧚ 2

ᮄ⫳ܓ⸈Ӹ亢 2 2 1 50 ᮴᭄᥂ 1

༅䇁 1 1 1 100 ⮙՟䕀䰶 1

㧹ݏϡ㡃 1 1 1 100 ⮙՟䕀䰶 1

㛥㝰♢ 1 1 1 100 ᮴᭄᥂ 1

Ⲭሒϱ㰿⮙ 1 1 1 100 ᮴᭄᥂ 1

⋾∈ 1 1 1 100 ᮴᭄᥂ 1

⭳⮒ 1 1 0 0 ᮴᭄᥂ 1

ᗹᗻ∈ḋ֓ 1 1 0 0 ᮴᭄᥂ 1

ড়䅵 126 100 81 64

*᳝໮乍ㄨḜDŽ

೒2. 䰓ྚજᢝᎲ෎Ѣᣛᷛⱘ⮒⮙ⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙՟੠22Ͼⷨお乍Ⳃ⚍ⱏ䆄ⱘ咏⮍䇷㿔⮙՟

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

2013ᐕ11᦬ 2013ᐕ12᦬ 2014ᐕ1᦬ 2014ᐕ2᦬ 2014ᐕ3᦬ 2013ᐕ4᦬ 2014ᐕ5᦬ 2014ᐕ6᦬ 2014ᐕ7᦬ 2014ᐕ8᦬ 2014ᐕ9᦬ 2014ᐕ10᦬ ᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙՟᭄᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙՟᭄

⊓䆄ⱘ咏⮍䇷㿔⮙՟᭄䆄ⱘ咏⮍䇷㿔⮙՟᭄

㤗∐

㤗∐䇷㿔⮙՟䇷㿔⮙՟

᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙՟

᡹ਞⱘ咏⮍⮙՟

খ㗗᭛⤂

1. International Health Regulations (2005), 2nd edition. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://whqlibdoc.who.

int/publications/2008/9789241580410_eng.pdf, accessed 12 March 2015).

2. A guide to establishing event-based surveillance. Manila, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008 (http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/documents/

eventbasedsurv/en, accessed 12 March 2015).

3. Bilal NK et al. Health extension workers in Ethiopia: improved access and coverage for the rural poor. In: Chuhan-Pole P and Angwafo M, editors. Yes Africa can: success stories from a dynamic continent. Washington DC, The World Bank, 2011:

433–443 (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handl e/10986/2335/634310PUB0Yes0061512B09780821387450.

pdf?sequence=1, accessed 11 July 2015).

4. Okwaraji YB et al. Effect of geographical access to health facilities on child mortality in rural Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7:e33564. doi:10.1371/

journal.pone.0033564 pmid:22428070

5. Okwaraji YB et al. The association between travel time to health facilities and childhood vaccine coverage in rural Ethiopia. A community based cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 2012, 12:476. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-476 pmid:22726457

6. Public Health Emergency Management. Guidelines for Ethiopia 2012. Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, 2012 (http://www.ephi.gov.et/images/guidelines/phem- guideline-final.pdf, accessed 12 March 2015).

7. Sibley LM et al. Improving maternal and newborn health care delivery in rural Amhara and Oromiya regions of Ethiopia through the Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 2014, 59 Suppl 1:S6–20.

doi:10.1111/jmwh.12147 pmid:24588917

8. Crowe S et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A plan for community event-based surveillance to reduce Ebola transmission - Sierra Leone, 2014–2015. MMWR.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2015, 64:70–73.

pmid:25632956

9. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance Systems. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2001, 50 RR13;1–35. pmid:11215787

10. Dagina R, Murhekar M, Rosewell R, Pavlin BI. Event-based surveillance in Papua New Guinea: strengthening an International Health Regulations (2005) core capacity. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2013, 4(3):19–25.

doi:10.5365/wpsar.2013.4.2.001 pmid:24319609

ሔ䰤ᗻ

⬅Ѣᴀⷨお䞛⫼ᮍ֓ᢑḋⱘᮍ⊩䗝ᢽⷨお⦄എˈ಴ℸ

ⷨお㒧ᵰৃ㛑ᑊϡ㛑ҷ㸼ᑊ᥼ᑓࠄᭈϾ䰓ྚજᢝᎲDŽ

೼6Ͼ䆩⚍ওऎЁˈ⬅Ѣ៥Ӏҙ䗝ᢽњৃЬ≑䔺ࠄ䖒ⱘ

ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗᑊᇍҪӀᓔሩњ᳈ϹḐⱘⴷᇐˈ಴ℸ䇗 ᶹ㒧ᵰৃ㛑ᄬ೼催Ԅ⦄䈵DŽৠᯊˈ䇷㿔ⱘҷ㸼ᗻপއ Ѣ⼒ऎعᒋথሩಶ䯳೼⼒ऎЁথ᣹ⱘ԰⫼DŽ䆹ಶ䯳ⱘ ៤ਬ੠ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗⱘⲥ⌟ҎਬЁᰃ৺ᜓᛣ᡹ਞ੠䆄 ᔩ䇷㿔ǃҹঞⲥ⌟Ҏਬᰃ৺ⶹᰧབԩℷ⹂Փ⫼䇷㿔ֵ

ᙃⱏ䆄㸼䛑Ӯᕅડ䇗ᶹ㒧ᵰDŽᅲᮑࠡⱘ෍䆁Ꮉ԰ᇍѢ

ֱ䆕催䋼䞣ⱘⲥ⌟᭄᥂ᰃ䴲ᐌ䞡㽕ⱘDŽ

㒧䆎੠ᓎ䆂

៥Ӏᓎ䆂೼ᐌ㾘ⲥ⌟㋏㒳㭘ᔅ㗠Ϩ䳔㽕Փ⫼݊Ҫᮍᓣ 䖯㸠㸹ܙⱘ೑ᆊЁˈᓎゟ㉏ԐѢᴀⷨおⱘ෎Ѣџӊⱘ ⲥ⌟㋏㒳ˈ䆹ⲥ⌟㋏㒳ৃ೼ि⫳᳡ࡵЁᖗ䗮䖛䇷㿔ֵ

ᙃⱏ䆄㸼ᴹⲥ⌟џӊDŽ

ᴀⷨおথ⦄ᇍ䇷㿔џӊⱘડᑨ㛑࡯䴲ᐌ᳝䰤DŽ಴

ℸˈि⫳䚼䮼ᑨࡴᔎ㛑࡯ᓎ䆒ˈᇍ

EBS

ⲥ⌟㋏㒳᡹ਞ ⱘᲈথ㛑໳䖯㸠ᖿ䗳ⱘડᑨDŽ

߽Ⲟކさ

᮴

䌘䞥ᬃᣕ

᮴

ᓩ⫼ᴀ᭛ഄഔ˖

Toyama Y et al. Event-based surveillance in north-western Ethiopia: experience and lessons learnt in thefield.

Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal,

2015, 6(3):22–27. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.2.002