The Catalogue Bottom Trawl Net Designs of Thailand (Updated Edition 2016)

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BOTTOM TRAWL NET DESIGNS OF THAILAND (UPDATED EDITION 2016)

Compiled by

Narong Raungsivakul, and Isara Chanrachkij

Training Department

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center

TD/RES/141 November 2022

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CATALOGUE

BOTTOM TRAWL NET DESIGNS OF THAILAND (UPDATED EDITION 2016)

Compiled by

Narong Raungsivakul and Isara Chanrachkij

Departmental Program of SEAFDEC Training Department

Project: Improvement of Fisheries Technology and Reduction of the Impact from Fishing Activities

Training Department

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center

TD/RES/141 November 2022

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of the Training Department carried out the Marine Fishing Gear and methods survey along the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea in 1985, and the publication Fishing gears and Methods in Southeast Asia: I. Thailand had been published in April 1986 by SEAFDEC/TD. The revision of publication was started in June 2002. All type of fishing gears has been investigated and compiled into the complete Revisional Edition in May 2004.

To update the reference of trawl net designs in Thailand, SEAFDEC/TD compiled the trawl design from the Fishing Gears and Methods in Southeast Asia: Volume I the first edition (1986), Revision Edition (2004), and the trawl net survey in 2016. The Catalogue Bottom Trawl Net Designs of Thailand (Updated Edition 2016) is published by SEAFDEC/TD under the Departmental Program of SEAFDEC Training Department, Project: Improvement of Fisheries Technology and Reduction of the Impact from Fishing Activities.

Suggested citation

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. (2022). The Catalogue Bottom Trawl Net Designs of Thailand (Updated Edition 2016), TD/RES/141. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department (SEAFDEC/TD), Samutprakarn, Thailand.

About the Authors

Mr. Isara Chanrachkij ([email protected]) is a Fishing Gear Technologist of SEAFDEC Training Department based in Samut Prakan, Thailand. (Correspondent person)

Mr. Narong Raungsivakul ([email protected]) is a Fishing Gear Technologist of SEAFDEC Training Department (retired) based in Samut Prakan, Thailand.

Notice of Copyright

Reference to this publication could be made provided that the publication is properly cited.

Electronic copy of this publication is also available at the SEAFDEC Institutional Repository (SIR), accessible through https://repository.seafdec.or.th/handle/20.500.12067/1826.

Electronic copy of the publication may be shared only for non-commercial purposes. However, public access to the e-copy of the publication could be made only through the publication URL in the SIR; and not through other domain without permission in writing from SEAFDEC.

SEAFDEC Training Department

P.O. Box 97 Phrasamutchedi, Samut Prakan 10290, Thailand Tel: +66 2425 6100

Fax: +66 2425 6110 to 11 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.seafdec.or.th

©SEAFDEC 2022

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CONTENTS

Page

Content 1

Acknowledgement 2

Introduction 3

Definition of trawl net 4

Classification of trawl net 4

Trawl fishing in Thailand 5

Explanatory notes 8

Illustrations 8

Abbreviations and symbols used in illustrations 10

Common cutting rates and taper ratios 11

Trawl Net Design Survey in 1986 and 2002 (1-47 Trawl nets) 13 Trawl Net Design Survey in 2016 (48-102 Trawl nets) 61

References 119

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to extent the sincerely appreciation all trawl fishers, trawl owners, and net designers on their kind allow SEAFDEC researchers to investigate their trawl net, trawl accessories, as well as their explanations trawl net and their gear designs. Authors also extend the special thanks to all Ex-Instructors of the SEAFDEC Training Department namely Professor Dr.

Masatsune Nomura, Dr. Tomeyoshi Yamasaki, Mr. Prasert Masathawee, Mr. Bundit Chokesanguan, and Mr. Aussanee Munprasit for their knowledge, reference and suggestions on trawl fishing technologies and fishing gear survey.

Authors would like to extend sincerely gratitude to Director General of Department of Fisheries, Thailand and Director of Marine Fisheries Research and Development Department to allow SEAFDEC researchers participating in the trawl fishing gear survey in 2016. In this connection authors also appreciate to Secretary-General of SEAFDEC, Ms. Malinee Smithrithee, and Members of SEAFDEC Program Committee for their kind approved the publication under the Departmental Program of SEAFDEC Training Department.

Finally, authors would like to express citation to experts and researchers of Department of Fisheries, Thailand and SEAFDEC/TD who supported and conducted trawl fishing gear survey in 2016, as below.

Department of Fisheries, Thailand SEAFDEC/TD

1. Ms. Ratanawalee Phoonsawat 1. Mr. Sayan Promjina

2. Mr. Tanut Srikhum 2. Mr. Nakaret Yasook

3. Lt.Jr. Chalermchat Arunrojprapai (RTN) 3. Mr. Santiphong Putsa

4. Mr. Kanit Chuapan 4. Mr. Komsan Pofah

5. Mr. Wirat Sanitmajjaro 6. Mr. Sichon Hoimuk

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INTRODUCTION

The study on the traditional fishing gear of Thailand was pioneered in 1949 by two fishery biologists of the Thai Department of Fisheries on their return from study in Japan. Mr. Swang Charernphol and Mr. Sanan Ruamrak investigated and surveys the fishing gear operated by Thai fishermen along the coasts of the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The results of their study were published by the Department of Fisheries in 1950. Later, in 1969, the revised edition of the fishing gear used in the marine fisheries of Thailand was published by the Exploratory Fishing Unit of the Thai Department of Fisheries This publication was recognized as a reference book on Thai fishing gear until recent years.

In the late 1970, the SEAFDEC Training Department (TD) initiated a systematic study on the fishing gear and methods operated by fishermen in the region. Fishing gear experts and researchers of the Training Department carried out the Marine Fishing Gear and methods survey along the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea in 1985, and the results had been published in April 1986 by The Training Department of SEAFDEC.

Almost 2 decades from the first edition, marine fisheries of Thailand have been development, more fishing efforts were put on the same limited fishing ground. Many conflicts were occurred among fishermen due to the declination of fisheries resources, competition of each fishing gear in the same fishing ground and etc. To follow up the improvement of fishing technology, the first volume of Fishing gears and methods in Southeast Asia: Thailand had been revised. The literature review was started in June 2002, then the reconfirmation survey had been carried out in August 2002 by spot checked to the high potential area. All type of fishing gears has been investigated and compiled into the complete revision in May 2004.

In the year 2016, Department of Fisheries, Thailand has improved the marine fisheries management by developing the Marine Fisheries Management Plan. The destructive fishing gears and practices has been identified and ranking for proper management. Trawl net is one of the fishing gears consider as the high effective fishing gear. The minimum codend mesh size, 40 mm, has been announced by Government of Thailand. To follow up the impact of fisheries management and apply the adaptive management concept, DOF, Thailand collaborated with SEAFDEC/TD under the supporting by FAO/SEAFDEC Project Strategies for Trawl Fisheries By-catch Management (REBYC-II CTI) surveyed trawl net structures and designs, focused on the otter board shrimp trawl net. Report on the Survey of Trawl Net of Thailand (in Thai) (TD/RP/193) published by SEAFDEC Training Department (SEAFDEC/TD) in September 2017.

To update the reference of trawl net designs in Thailand, SEAFDEC/TD compiled the trawl design from the Fishing Gears and Methods in Southeast Asia: Volume I the first edition (1986), Revision Edition (2004) and the trawl net survey in 2016. The Bottom Trawl Net Designs of Thailand is a trawl net catalogue presently operated by trawlers in Thailand. One hundred and two (102) designs were rechecked and recalculated the specifications. All of trawl nets have been re-drawn and compiled into this document. The Catalogue Bottom Trawl Net Designs of Thailand (Updated Edition 2016) is published by SEAFDEC/TD under the Departmental Program of SEAFDEC Training Department, Project: Improvement of Fisheries Technology and Reduction of the Impact from Fishing Activities.

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DEFINITION OF TRAWL NET

Trawl net refers to a type of fishing gear what are operated by towing the net on sea bottom.

Baranov (1977) define trawl net as fishing gear consisted of a cone-shaped body, closed by bag and cod end and extended at opening by wings. They can be towed by one or two boats and, according to the type, are used on the bottom to catch demersal marine species included with fish, squid and shrimp. When such a gear is used in mid-water, with the same catching mechanism, the mid-water trawl is included herein.Trawl net has been operated beyond several tens or even hundreds of times of the length of fishing path of the gear (up to 1000 times).

Bundit C. (1985) Definition of trawl net is described as a type of fishing gear consisting of bag net that is towed through a mass of water or along the bottom to trap any fish in its path. Bottom trawl can be categorized, regarding to fishing method and construction of trawl net, into 3 main groups, i.e. 1) Bottom beam trawl 2) Bottom otter trawl, and 3) bottom pair trawl.

Department of Fisheries-Thailand (1997) explains the definition of bottom trawl net; is a cone-shaped net and fishing method is; to continuously tow forward by one or two boats, with beam or otter board to hold the trawl net open in a horizontal direction. Classification of trawl fishing gear is categorized into three (3) main types, i.e. pair trawl, otter board trawl and beam trawl. Otter board trawl is categorized into four (4) types i.e. otter board fish trawl, otter board shrimp trawl, otter board acetes trawl, and otter board jelly fish trawl. Beam trawl is categorized into two (2) types, i.e. shrimp beam trawl and Jelly fish beam trawl.

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAWL NET

FAO (1990), Department of Fisheries, Thailand (1997), and SEAFDEC (2004) has different trawl net classification. The comparison is presented as follow;

Table 1 Classification of trawl net

FAO SEAFDEC DOF

1. Bottom Trawls 1.1. Beam Trawls 1.2. Bottom Otter Trawls 1.3. Bottom Pair Trawls 2. Midwater Trawls

2.1. Midwater Otter Trawls 2.2. Midwater Pair Trawls 2.3. Otter Twin Trawls

1. Beam Trawls 2. Bottom Otter Trawls 3. Bottom otter trawl with

boom

4. Bottom Pair Trawls

1. Pair Trawls 2. Otter Board Trawls

2.1. Otter board fish trawl 2.2. Otter board shrimp

trawl 2.3. Acetes trawl 2.4. Jelly-fish trawl 3. Beam Trawls

3.1. Shrimp Beam Trawl 3.2. Jelly-fish Beam trawl

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TRAWL FISHING IN THAILAND

Trawl is one of the most recently introduced fishing gears in Thailand. It is now the most wide-spread and the most important gear in terms of production and the number of fishing units.

The first experiments with pair trawl and otter trawl fishing, conducted in the early 1950s by some private fishing companies, were unsuccessful. In 1960, however, the Department of Fisheries intervened and with the technical assistance from the Federal Republic of Germany launched a program designed to promote trawl fishing, particularly otter trawl which was gaining reputation of being highly effective. After that, the number of otter trawl fishing boats has increased rapidly, with a corresponding sharp rise in production.

Trawl fishing in Thailand is classified into three types; otter trawl (including otter with boom-trawl, pair trawl and beam trawl. Among these, otter trawl is the most widely operated gear in Thailand. As can be seen from the fishery statistics for 2012 to 2021 (Table 3.1).

In the period from 2012-2021, the annual catch by trawl had gradually decrease year by year from five hundred thousand metric ton to two hundred thousand metric ton. Proportion of otter-trawl showed reduce from 73 per cent to 36 per cent. In the opposite proportion, pair trawl show increase from 27 per cent to 62 per cent. The production by beam trawl is very low as a proportion 1 per cent to 3 per cent of the total trawl catch. The interested annual catches data of all trawl types show the decrease of catch from 2021 to 2022 as 24.5 per cent (otter board fishing), 8.9 per cent (pair trawl fishing) and 5.2 per cent (beam trawl fishing).

Figure 1: Annual catches by trawl (Metric ton) from 2012 to 2021 Source: Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries from 2012 to 2021

529,881

537,017

475,447 389,409

245,018 242,758 250,138 255,494

263,408

198,760 198,221 226,429 216,331

205,200

306,093 329,041 366,595 366,724 380,763

346,593

2,724 3,877 4,765 4,169 16,673 15,856 15,459 14,995 12,657 11,995 0

100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Otter-trawl Pair-trawl Beam-trawl

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Table 2 Annual catches by trawl (Metric ton) from 2012 to 2021

Source: Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries from 2012 to 2021

Type of Year

Trawl net 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Otter-trawl 529,881 537,017 475,447 389,409 245,018 242,758 250,138 Pair-trawl 198,221 226,429 216,331 205,200 306,093 329,041 366,595

Beam-trawl 2,724 3,877 4,765 4,169 16,673 15,856 15,459

Total 730,750 763,323 696,543 598,778 567,784 587,655 632,192

Type of Year

Trawl net 2019 2020 2021

Otter-trawl 255,494 263,408 198,760 Pair-trawl 366,724 380,763 346,593 Beam-trawl 14,995 12,657 11,995

Total 637,213 656,828 557,348

According to the Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries from 2012 to 2021, number of trawlers slightly fluctuation. Otter trawlers showed trend to decrease from 2021 (2,238 trawlers) to 2015 (1940 trawlers). But the number of otter trawl fishing boats shows significant increase more than 10% in 2016 (2,161 trawlers). From year 2016 to 2021, number of otter trawl fishing boats showed gradually increased trend year by year and found lowest in 2021 (1812 trawlers).

Trend of the pair trawler in number is similar otter trawler. Number of pair trawlers is slightly decreased from 2021 (1,050 trawlers) to 2015 (978 trawlers). But the number of pair trawler shows significant increase more than 10% in 2016 (1,142 trawlers). Pair trawlers are almost constant in number from 2018 to 2021. The annual catch by beam trawl increases from year 2012 to 2016, particularly, the catch in 2016 became more than 7 time of the catch in 2015 due to the increasing of the number of beam trawl fishing boats from 97 (in 2015) up to 493 (in 2016). Number of beam trawlers found gradually reduces from 493 trawlers (in 2016) to 434 (in 2021)

Figure 2 Number of Trawl Fishing Boats in Thailand from 2012-2021 Source: Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries, 2012-2021

2,238

2,075 1,940 1,922

2,161 2,099 2,023 2,010 1,984

1,812

1,052 1,026 982 978 1,142 1,138 1,126 1,123 1,128 1,124

94 91 116 97

493 488 452 450 443 434

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Otter-trawl Pair-trawl Beam-trawl

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Table 3 Number of Trawl Fishing Boats in Thailand from 2012-2021 Source: Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries, 2012-2021

Type of Year

Trawl net 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Otter-trawl 2,238 2,075 1,940 1,922 2,161 2,099 2,023

Pair-trawl 1,052 1,026 982 978 1,142 1,138 1,126

Beam-trawl 94 91 116 97 493 488 452

Total 3,384 3192 3,038 2,997 3,796 3,725 3,601

Type of Year

Trawl net 2019 2020 2021

Otter-trawl 2,010 1,984 1,812

Pair-trawl 1,123 1,128 1,124

Beam-trawl 450 443 434

Total 3,583 3,555 3,370

With reference to the Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries, 2021, total marine production in from all three (3) trawler types is 557,348 metric ton (MT) or 54.17% of total production of marine catches. The highest production is from pair trawl fishing as 346,593 MT contribute 62.19% of total production from trawl fishing, followed by otter board trawl fishing, 198, 760 MT contribute 35.66% of total production from trawl fishing. Beam trawl fishing is the lowest production, 11,995 MT contribute 2.15% of total production from trawl fishing.

Total production from trawl fishing come from 2 fishing areas, i.e., 1) Gulf of Thailand and 2) Andaman Sea. Marine production from trawl fishing in the Gulf of Thailand is 401,078 MT contribute 71.96 % of production from trawl fishing. Marine production from Andaman Sea is 156,270 MT contribute 28.04 % of production from trawl fishing. The dominant catch of trawl fishing in year 2022 is trash fish 292,292 MT (52.44%). The second dominant catch is economic species 196,740 MT (35.30%). The other catches of marine product are squid (485.09 mt (8.7%), shrimp 13,123 mt (2.36%) crab 4,714 mt (0.85%) mollusk 1,919 MT (0.34%) and others 31 MT (0.01%), respectively. The main species caught by trawl in 2021 were as follows:

Table 4 Number of Trawl Fishing Boats in Thailand from 2012-2021 Source: Marine Capture Production of Commercial Fisheries, 2012-2021

Catch Catch-year (mt)

Trash-fish 292,929

Non-penaeid prawns 196,760

Squid 48,509

Shrimps and Prawns 13,123

Crab 4,714

Mollusk 1,919

Others 31

Total 557,348

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This revised volume is the completion between the first volume and the report of a reconfirmation survey on marine fishing gear and methods, conducted in August 2002. We tried to cover the present fishing gears as much as possible and to include all the latest developed gears, important port, and villages along the coast of Thailand. Figure 1 shows the map of all the survey station 3, the name of each province, which is often also the name of the provincial capital, is underlined.

The data were collected mostly by interviewing fishermen, with the help of questionnaire prepared in advance for each type of fishing gear, as well as by direct observation in the locations where the gears were made and used. The background information on the current status of different fisheries was mainly based on data contained in the annual “Fishery Statistical Bulletin for the South China Sea Area”, starting from 1990, up to the most recent available one for 1997.

In the classification of fishing gear, drawings, and explanations in this volume, we have on the whole followed the system used in the “FAO Catalogue of Small-Scale Fishing Gear”.

The mode of presentation is summarized below.

Illustrations

1) The horizontal length of surrounding nets, purse seines and gill nets is drawn according to the length of the floatline, and the vertical depth according to the fully stretched netting. In the case of gill nets with sidelines, the depth is drawn according to their length. The width of netting panels or sections of trawl gear is drawn according to half the stretched netting, and the depth or length according partly perspective overall sketches, with dimensions indicated where applicable.

2) General outline drawings, such as of the rig of a complete gear, and detail drawings of components, are mostly not to scale, but the main dimensions are given.

3) Dimensions are given only in meters (m) and millimeters (mm). The units are not indicated but can easily be recognized, as follows:

Metre: Length of footropes, headlings, floatlines etc., used with two decimals (e.g., 5.25, 90.20).

Mellimetre: Mesh size (stretched), diameters of ropes, floats, etc. used without a point or with one decimal only (e.g., 12; 527 or 1.2; 20.5).

4) Mass and weight are indicated in the units of kilogram (kg) and gram (g).

Buoyancies of floats and breaking load of netting yarns or ropes are shown by kilogram-

force (kgf) or gram-force (gf).

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5) Materials are indicated by abbreviations listed in Appendix 1.

6) The size of netting yarns is shown in the denier system.

7) The mesh size, given in millimeters (mm) is understood to be the distance between the centers of the two opposite knots in the same mesh when fully stretched..

8) The number of meshes in a straight row along the edges indicates the width and length or depth of net panels or sections.

9) The shape of a netting section is indicated by the cutting rate at its edge. A tabulation of common cutting rates for a practical range of taper ratios is given in Appendix 2, together with a diagram of different cutting rates.

10) The term hanging ratio (E) designates the ratio between the length of a given portion of the mounting rope and the length of the stretched netting hung on this portion of the rope.

11) When there are two or more variants in construction of gear or manner of use, this is indicated in the title and opposite the drawings by Roman numerals (I, II, …….. ).

Where these variants refer to only one component part of gear, other possible ways of making this part are shown with the abbreviation ALT.

12) Sequence in fishing operation is shown by sketches with circled Arabic numerals (  ,  …) which indicate the sequence of operation stages.

13) Parts of gear drawn in detail are indicated by circled capital letters ( A , B … ).

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Appendix 1

Abbreviations and symbols used in illustrations

ALT

BAIT BAM BR CEM CLAY COMB COT EG Fe LL LIVE LT MAT MONO PA

=

Alternative Bait

Bamboo Brass Cement Baked clay Combination rope Cotton

Electric generator Iron

Luring lamp Live bait Long-tail boat1 Material

Monofilament Polyamide Diameter Upper panel Lower panel Side panel Purse ring Thickness Approximately

Pb PE PES PL PP PVA RA RUB S SN SST ST SW WD WIRE Z

Rv. 2002

=

= Lead

Polyethylene Polyester Plastic

Polypropylene Polyvinyl alcohol Rattan

Rubber S twist Saran nylon Stainless steel Steel

Swivel Wood

Steel wire rope Z twist

Circumference Braided Twisted Current Wind Fish

Survey in 2002

__________________________

1 Boat with a long propeller shaft outside the hull

(Source: FAO catalogue of Small-scale Fishing Gear, 1975)

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Appendix 2

Common cutting rates and taper ratios

Number of meshes lost (or gained)

Number of meshes in depth

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 AB 1T2B 1T1B 3T2B 2T1B 5T2B 3T1B 7T2B 4T1B 9T2B

2 1N2B AB 1T4B 1T2B 3T4B 1T1B 5T4B 3T2B 7T4B 2T1B

3 1N1B 1N4B AB 1T6B 1T3B 1T2B 2T3B 6T6B 1T1B 7T6B

4 3N2B 1N2B 1N6B AB 1T8B 1T4B 3T8B 1T2B 5T8B 3T4B

5 2N1B 3N4B 1N3B 1N8B AB 1T10B 1T5B 3T10B 2T5B 1T2B

6 5N2B 1N1B 1N2B 1N4B 1N10B AB 1B12B 1T6B 1T4B 1T3B

7 3N1B 5N4B 2N3B 3N8B 1N5B 1N12B AB 1T14B 1T7B 3T14B

8 7N2B 3N2B 5N6B 1N2B 3N10B 1N6B 1N14B AB 1T16B 1T8B

9 4N1B 7N4B 1N1B 5N8B 2N5B 1N4B 1N7B 1N16B AB 1T18B

10 9N2B 2N1B 7N6B 3N4B 1N2B 1N3B 3N14B 1N8B 1N18B AB

11 5N1B 9N4B 4N3B 7N8B 3N5B 5N12B 2N7B 3N16B 1N9B 1N20B

12 11N2B 2N2B 3N2B 1N1B 7N10B 1N2B 5N14B 1N4B 1N6B 1N10B 13 6N1B 11N4B 5N3B 9N8B 4N5B 7N12B 13N7B 5N16B 2N9B 3N20B 14 13N2B 3N1B 11N6B 5N4B 9N10B 2N3B 1N2B 3N8B 5N18B 1N5B

15 7N1B 13N4B 2N1B 11N8B 1N1B 3N4B 4N7B 7N16B 1N3B 1N4B

16 5N2B 7N2B 13N6B 3N2B 11N10B 5N6B 9N14B 1N2B 7N18B 3N10B 17 8N1B 15N4B 7N3B 13N8B 6N5B 11N12B 5N7B 9N16B 4N9B 7N10B 18 17N2B 4N1B 5N2B 7N4B 13N10B 1N1B 11N14B 5N8B 1N2B 2N5B 19 9N1B 17N4B 8N3B 15N8B 7N5B 13N12B 6N7B 11N16B 5N9B 9N20B

(Source: FAO catalogue of Small-scale Fishing Gear, 1975)

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TRAWL NET DESIGN Survey in 1986 and 2002

¹

(1-47 Trawl nets)

1SEAFDEC/TD. 2004. Fishing gear in Asia I (Thailand), Revised Edition, TD/RES/9. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department (SEAFDEC/TD), Samutprakarn, Thailand

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01 TRAWL VESSEL LOCATION

Bottom, Beam trawl Tha Sala

Acetes Loa 8.00 m Nakhon Sri Thammarat

Hp 16 Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Beam trawl Muang

Shrimp Loa 10.00 m Surat Thani

Hp 8 Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Beam trawl Paknam Lungsuan

Shrimp Loa 17.00 m Chumphon

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Bottom, Beam trawl Porn Prasang Pak Nakhon

Shrimp Loa 11.00 m Nakhon Sri Thammarat

Hp 8 Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Beam trawl Kapoe

Sea cucumber Loa 10.00 m Ranong

Hp 7 Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Beam trawl Ao Makhampom

Jelly fish Loa 8.00 m Rayong

Hp 7 Survey in 2002

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Bottom, Otter trawl Tha Sala

Acetes Loa 8.00 m Nakhon Sri Thammarat

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Bottom, Otter trawl Jana

Acetes Loa 8.00 m Songkhla

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Bottom, Otter Hua Sai

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Bottom, Otter Hua Sai

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Bottom, Otter Arun Rasamee Pak Bara

Shrimp Loa 10.00 m Satun

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Bottom, Otter Maung

Shrimp Loa - m Samut Sakhon

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Bottom, Otter Anunakor Taba

Shrimp Loa 15.90 m Narathiwat

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Bottom, Otter Kungnang Navee Pak Paying

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Bottom, Otter Deth Kanya Hua Hin

Shrimp Loa 12.00 m Prachuab Kirikhan

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Bottom, Otter Paknam Chumphon

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Bottom, Otter Phrasamut Chedi

Fishes Loa 17.00 m Samutprakhan

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Bottom, Otter Samut Sakhon

Fishes Loa - m Samut Sakhon

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Bottom, Otter Kong Nathee Kantang

Fishes Loa - m Trang

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Hp 150-300 Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Otter Montien Thong Paknam Chumphon

Fishes Loa 24.00 m Chumphon

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Bottom, Otter Khanjana Panich Klong

Fishes Loa 20.00 m Samut Songkhram

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Hp 200-400 Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Otter T. Sumrit

Fishes Loa 21.50 m Samut Prakhan

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Bottom, Otter M.V. Paknam Phrasamut Chedi

Fishes Loa - m Samut Prakhan

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Bottom, Otter trawl K. Chamruenras Samut Prakhan

Shrimp Loa 10.00 m Samut Prakhan

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40

Bottom, Otter Supudom Prasae

Shrimp Loa 15.00 m Rayong

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Bottom, Otter Sup Srithong Klong Yai

Shrimp Loa 13.00 m Trad

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Bottom, Otter Ku Kiet Lang Suan

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Bottom, Beam trawl K. Chareunrat Khao Sammuk

Shrimp Loa 11.00 m Chon Buri

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Bottom, Otter with Boom Choke Somboon Laem Ngob

Shrimp Loa 14.00 m Trat

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Bottom, Otter Net Samut Sri Racha

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Bottom, Otter boom Panarai Khanohm

Shrimp Loa 20.00 m Nakorn Sri Thammarat

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Bottom, Otter boom Porn Navee Klong Yai

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Bottom, Otter with boom Sin Numchai Kanhom

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Bottom, Otter with boom Nava Nop Ang Sila

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Bottom, Otter with boom Choke Sopa Sri Racha

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Bottom, Otter boom Hong Nava Klong Yai

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Bottom, Otter with boom Sukharom Surat Thani

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Bottom, Otter Choke Siriwa Paknam Chum Phon

Shrimp Loa - m Chum Phon

Hp 275 Survey in N/A

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Bottom, Pair Sri Noparat Song Khla

Bottom fishes Loa - m Song Khla

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Bottom, Pair Pitiphon Samut Sakhon

Bottom fishes Yukoltorn Samut Sakhon

Loa - m Hp 260

Survey in 1986

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Bottom, Pair Kunchon Chainavee I Hp 180 Maeklong

Bottom fishes Kunchon Chainavee II Hp 150 Samut Songkhram

Loa - m Survey in 1986

(63)

57

Bottom, Pair Chewchanchai Maeklong

Bottom fishes Loa - m Samut Songkhram

Hp 270 x 2 Survey in 1986

(64)

58

Bottom, Pair Narongchainavee Ranong

Bottom fishes Loa - m Ranong

Hp 350, 240 Survey in 1986

(65)

59

Bottom, Pair Patana Phuket

Bottom fishes Loa - m Phuket

(66)

60

Bottom, Pair W. Supaporn Maung Phuket

Bottom fishes Loa - m Phuket

(67)

61

TRAWL NET DESIGN Survey in 2016

²

(48-102 Trawl nets)

2SEAFDEC/TD. 2017. Preliminary Report on the Survey of Bottom Trawl Net of Thailand (TD/RP/193), Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department (SEAFDEC/TD), Samutprakarn, Thailand. (In Thai)

(68)

62

Bottom, Otter Thor Thaweelaprungruang Pranburi

Fish Loa 20.00 m Prachuap khriri khan

(69)

63

Bottom, Otter Jamrusnawee Ampher Muang

Shrimp Loa 22.00 m Ranong

(70)

64

Bottom, Otter Supsrithong Ampher Muang

Fish Loa 24.00 m Ranong

(71)

65

Bottom, Otter Chokepornchai Ampher Muang

(72)

66

Bottom, Otter Sinthawechai Ampher Muang

Shrimp Loa 13.80 m Suratthani

(73)

67

Bottom, Otter Sin Kittichai Ampher Sichon

Shrimp Loa 11.00 m Nakhon Si Thammarat

(74)

68

Bottom, Otter Ake Kuman Ampher Sichon

Shrimp Loa 17.00 m Nakhon Sithammarat

(75)

69

Bottom, Otter Sor Pethrattanachai Ampher Sichon

(76)

70

Bottom, Otter Choke Sunari Ampher Sichon

(77)

71

Bottom, Otter Choke Sunari Ampher Sichon

(78)

72

Bottom, Otter Choke Chai Ampher Sichon

(79)

73

Bottom, Otter Thep Maj Cha Ampher Sichon

(80)

74

Bottom, Otter Choke Wadee Ampher Tha Sala

Fish Loa 13.20 m Nakhon Si Thammarat

(81)

75

Bottom, Otter Mon Sung Thong Ampher Sichon

(82)

76

Bottom, Otter Detch Sa Mut Ampher Sichon

(83)

77

Bottom, Otter Sin Narong Chai Ampher Muang

Fish Loa 18.00 m Nakhon Si Thammarat

(84)

78

Bottom, Otter Sin Narong Chai Ampher Muang

(85)

79

Bottom, Otter Nut Tha Nan Ampher Hua Sei

(86)

80

Bottom, Otter Nut Tha Nan Ampher Hua Sei

(87)

81

Bottom, Otter Nadh Ni Korn Nava Ampher Muang

Shrimp Loa 15.00 m Songkhla

(88)

82

Bottom, Otter Nadh Ni Korn Nava Ampher Muang

Fish Loa 15.00 m Songkhla

(89)

83

Bottom, Otter Therd Sak Nava Ampher Muang

Fish Loa 21.00 m Songkhla

(90)

84

Bottom, Otter Piya Nava Ampher Muang

Fish Loa 13.50 m Satun

(91)

85

Bottom, Otter Wilai Arun Ampher Muang

Shrimp Loa 11.00 m Satun

(92)

86

Bottom, Otter Porn Thep Ampher Muang

Shrimp Loa 13.00 m Satun

(93)

87

Bottom, Otter Kor. Thanom Chon Kan Tang District

Fish Loa 22.00 m Trang

(94)

88

Bottom, Otter Pin Yo Silpa 21 Muang District

(95)

89

Bottom, Otter Pin Yo Silpa 21 Muang District

(96)

90

Bottom, Otter Muang District

(97)

91

Bottom, Otter Sithi Choke Chai Muang District

(98)

92

Bottom, Otter Tor. Thana Wit Muang District

Shrimp Loa 20.00 m Chumphon

(99)

93

Bottom, Otter Por. Than Sombat Ang Sila

Shrimp Loa 13.65 m Chonburi

(100)

94

Bottom, Otter Por. Than Sombat Ang Sila

(101)

95

Bottom, Otter Heng Waree Laem Chabang

(102)

96

Bottom, Otter Choke Thanomchart Bang Sareh

(103)

97

Bottom, Otter Chalermchai Waree Bang Sareh

(104)

98

Bottom otter Sor.Boonchai 4 Ampher Laem Sing

Bottom fishes Loa 18.00 m Chantha Buri

(105)

99

Bottom, Pair Sing Amnuay Sor.Boonchai 4 Ampher Laemsing

Fish Loa 18.00 m Chanthaburi

Hp425 Survey in 2016

(106)

100

Bottom, beam Sing Amnuay 99 Ampher Laemsing

Shrimp Loa 15.20 m Chanthaburi

Hp 201.42 Survey in 2016

(107)

101

Bottom trawl Choke somboon Laemsing

Jellyfish Loa : 13.50 m Chanthaburi

Hp : 150 Survey in 2016

(108)

102

Bottom, Otter Por Wira Siri Ampher Klongyai

Fish Loa 11.00 m Trad

(109)

103

Bottom, beam Por Wira Siri Ampher Klongyai

(110)

104

Bottom, Otter Woravudh Numchoke Ampher Klongyai

(111)

105

Bottom, Otter Woravudh Numchoke Ampher Klongyai

(112)

106

Bottom otter Woravudh Numchoke Ampher Klongyai

Squid Loa 9.20 m Trad

(113)

107

Bottom otter - Ban Mairood

Squid Loa 8-10 m Trad

Hp - Survey in 2016

(114)

108

Trawl Ban mairood

Jellyfish Loa - Trad

Hp - Survey in 2016