It was found that it is necessary to reduce the cost of the equipment. The purpose of the study was to take a look at the existing minimum standard equipment used in the materials testing laboratory. The result of the research in the Material Testing Laboratory showed that the only equipment suitable for this was the compression machine.
The process consisted of opening two holes in the upper and lower channels of the device. At the end of the channel in which the nest was located, was another yoke. Some of the tests the equipment could perform exceeded what is required by the minimum TPEE standards.
SOLID WASTE M ANAGEM ENT SYSTEM IN ILOILO CITY
Total urban solid waste generation rates in Iloilo City are in the order of 0.20 tons/person/yr or 0.52 kg/person/day with a daily total of 174 tons/day. Based on the results of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey for 1988, approximately 72% of the total number of households in the province are considered poor. Iloilo City has a system of solid waste collection but is not completely efficient just like Metro Manila as only 70% of the waste generated is collected and.
Only 40% of the total cost of waste management is spent by the city on collection, transport and disposal services. Recently, we have noticed that during the rainy months, waste is only dumped near the entrance to the landfill. The remaining amount of waste can then be disposed of at a sanitary landfill.
While composting is the biological decomposition of the organic components in the waste stream, it is recycling that will help improve the product by removing unwanted materials such as glass, metal and plastic. The city, which takes care of the Office of Public Services (OPS), must provide and sell the garbage cans to those who might want to buy them. There should be regular health education of the people about the proper use of the dustbins.
This can only be achieved if citizens become aware of the adverse effects of existing systems and the benefits of using the right methods. Van den Broek, 1987, ‘Garbage Generation, Composition, Collection, and Disposal in the Sydney Region, in Garbage in the Lower Hunter-Proceedings of the Seminar, May 1987.
WATER QUALITY TESTING AND TREATMENT IN THE PROPOSED CPU WATER LABORATORY
WATER QUALITY TESTING AND TREATMENT AT THE PROPOSED CPU WATER LABORATORY .. particles have been removed); turbidity (cloudiness caused by fine suspended matter in the water); hardness (the reduced ability to lather using soap); total dissolved solids (TDS); pH; Water quality can be defined as an assessment of the physical and chemical properties of material dissolved or suspended in water. Water quality criteria can be defined as the scientific information on which decisions or judgments are based about the suitability of water quality for a particular use (Hart, 1980).
Water quality guidelines translate criteria into a form that can be used for management purposes. The broader objectives of water monitoring include maintaining water quality and quantity to ensure an adequate supply of water of suitable quality for public and industrial use and for the maintenance of fish and wildlife. The data is used to assess compliance with guidelines or agreed service standards and, if necessary, to trigger corrective action to improve water quality.
The following are the usual water quality tests performed in the water laboratory, namely g rav etric, titrim e tric, colori metric, potentiometric, general solids, spectroscopic, chromatographic and the like. The type of water quality test to be performed depends on the degree of accuracy required, the use of data and the use of water. Conservation Council and Australian Water Resources Council, National Water Quality Management Strategy: Policies and Principles - A Draft Reference Document, Melbourne, 1992.
De Zuane, John, Handbook of Drinking Water Quality: Standards and Controls, Van Nostrand Reinhold International Company Limited, New York, NY, 1990. Hart, Barry T., Australian Water Quality Criteria, On an Ecological Basis for Water Resources ( ed. W.D. Williams), Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1980.
MONITORING THE PERFORMANCE OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS AT HIGH LOADING RATES FOR FAILURE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION
However, few studies have investigated the changes in the above parameters at high loading rate and the behavior of the digester at its maximum sustainable loading rate. Equations and Standard Free Energy Changes Involved in the Anaerobic Decomposition of Organic Matter (McInerney and Bryant 1979; Zeikus, 1980; Zehnder & Wurhmann, 1977). The organic loading rate is another important factor to consider in the operation of anaerobic digesters.
The time setting of the timer was varied in accordance with the changes in the load rate, while the off time setting was kept constant. As expected, the increase in loading rate was mirrored by the increase in methane production rate (Fig. 3b, 0 to 36h). This time, the increase in loading rate did not result in a further increase in methane production rate, but instead resulted in a decrease in conversion.
The increase in VFA concentration and the inability of the digester to increase methane production proportionally to the loading rate indicated that the digester had reached its maximum sustainable loading rate at 19 mmol glucose/L d. Within twelve hours of increasing the loading rate, the propionic acid and acetic acid levels increased to 13 mM and 7 mM, respectively. As expected, the increase in loading rate was reflected in the increase in methane production.
A further increase in the loading rate to 23 mmol glucose/l day (HRT = 15 days) resulted in an increase of only 8% in the methane production rate and a decrease in conversion efficiency from 70% to 65%. The differences in the type of overload that occurred after the maximum sustainable loading rate was exceeded demonstrate the effect of feed concentration and HRT on digester performance. In the second experiment, an attempt was made to restore the digester by reducing the loading rate by approximately 2/3.
Further acidification in the slightly overloaded reactor can be prevented by an immediate reduction in the loading rate.
THE NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS (NES) CEN SUS OF PANAY AND GUIMARAS
The ANECs verified the existence of the listed installations, updated the list and used the same as a starting point. Most of the ANECs started conducting the survey during the third quarter of 1994 and by the end of 1995 had completely covered all the provinces in their areas, but in some areas, especially in areas where the ANECs were newly established, the census still ongoing. A copy of the database files created by the program and the printed results in the prescribed tabular formats were then submitted to NCED for aggregation at the national level.
Rice husk contributes only 5,966 BFOE (0.3%), but the amount can be considered important because rice husk is always considered rice milling waste and a problem for rice millers to dispose of. For example, wind pump capacity is expressed in cubic meters (cu.m.) of water output and the total will result in a larger number compared to that of the other technologies. However, in terms of the amount of equivalent energy, the boiler capacity will translate to a much larger amount compared to that of the wind pump because a kilowatt of power can pump hundreds of cubic meters of water.
Most of the windmills are found in Iloilo and the most common application is domestic water pumping. PV installations are also numerous in Iloilo and Guimaras due to the implementation of a Rural PV Electrification, Project in two pilot barangays in Iloilo and Guimaras by the Special Energy Program of the National Electrification Administration. Of the four (4) inoperative gasifiers, three (3) had technical reasons and one (1) was inoperative due to economic reasons.
As the NES is site-specific and application-sensitive, the details provided by the census can serve as useful inputs for integrating the use of non-conventional energy systems into rural development plans at local, regional and national levels. Thus, there is a need for these persons to know about the existence of this data and for this data to be readily available to interested users.
REPORT ON RESISTIVITY SURVEY
PANIT-AN, CAPIZ
During the Middle Miocene, volcanism intervened with the deposition of the Younger Oligocene in Middle Miocene sedimentary rocks. The last formation deposited before the uplift of the area are claystones, sandstones, siltstones, conglomerate lenses and calcarenite lenses from the Pliocene to Pleistocene. This island has a roughly triangular shape and the main cordillera runs almost north to south, starting at the extreme northwest corner of the island, swinging a little to the east and then turning to the southwest corner, almost parallel to the west coast.
The mountains in the eastern part of the island, which form the southern end of the "eastern cordillera", are of medium height. The streams of the Western Cordillera are by far the largest and most numerous in the region. A geo-resistivity test was performed on each of the proposed wells to assess the groundwater.
In the project area, three (3) vertical electrical noise points with a maximum extension of 350.0 meters were carried out. On the other hand, annual replenishable deposition in sand and gravel deposits is estimated at less than 0.50 meter to over 1.0 meter per year. Although all three (3) V electric noise points contain volcanic flow material, only VES-03, which has the least resistant material can be considered to have the greatest groundwater potential in the observed area.
The large variation in the resistance value (VES-01 and VES-02 to VES-03) m may be due to the aforementioned phenomena. Thus, among the three (3) VES points, only VES-03 which has a much smaller resistance value in the range of 122.50 ohm-meter to 129.30 ohm-meter, is believed to have the greatest potential in terms of groundwater availability.
PROFILE OF CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
CPU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Contents
