NATION VS. STATE
Nation- is a population having a common culture(language, literature, tradition, history, &
customs),morals(judgment of right and wrong) and values inhabiting a territory.
State- presupposes government and a definite territory COLONIALISM
A policy by which a nation maintains or extends its control over foreign countries.
The establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.
Goals of the Expedition
God Gold Glory
Ferdinand Magellan’s Expedition:
Portuguese name: Fernão de Magalhães; Spanish name: Fernándo de Magallanes
Portuguese Maritime Explorer who served the Spanish crown.
Suggested that one could reach Moluccas by sailing westward.
5 ships were in his expedition (Trinidad, Concepcion, Victoria, San Anotnio, Santiago) to sail to Moluccas in 1518. A storm destroys the Santiago in South America while the captain of the San Antonio deserted and returned to Spain with the ship. Only three ships made it through the Pacific Ocean.
Antonio Pigafetta, Italian chronicler of Magellan’s expedition.
When he reached the Philippines on March 17, 15 21, he formed an alliance with Rajah Kulambo and Siagu of Limasawa and Rajah Humabon of Cebu.
Magellan died in Battle with the Rajah of Mactan, Lapu-lapu. This marked the first successful defense by the Filipinos against foreign invaders.
Victoria was the only ship to return to Spain and complete the expedition because Concepcion was burned while Trinidad was captured by the Portugese.
Significance: A.led to the colonization of the Philippines B.new route to Asia was added C.proved that the world is round
Reconquista- a series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors), who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century.
Moluccas (Spice Islands)- a source of spices that were new to European tables during the Age of Exploration. Spices before were so expensive because the food in Europe was bland tasting. Spices added enrichment to European food and lives .
Lusitanian(Portugal)-
Hispanic(Spain) Rivalry – A rivalry between the Portugese and Spain was formed because of their desire expand their own territories. This led to the signing of the Treaty of Tordecillas which partitioned the world into 2 spheres of
influence(Spain: N&S America;
Portugal: India/Asia and Africa)
Other Expeditions:
Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaisa with Andres de Urdaneta and Juan Sebastian del Cano(1525)- Sequel expedition to Magellan’s.
Sebastian Cabot
Alvaro de Saavedra(1527-29) -Discovery of Mexico-Maluku route and searched for survivors of previous expeditions.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos(1541-46)-Naming of Leyte as Las Phelipinas by Bernardo de la Torre
Treaty of Zaragosa(1529)
-A demarcation line drawn 297.5 leauges east of Moluccas which was agreed upon as the western limit of Spain’s control.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
First to establish permanent settlement in the Philippines.
Established the first fort in the Philippines.
Significance of Legazpi Expedition
Established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
Introduction of western civilization in the archipelago.
Manila became the capital of the country and became a city after Cebu.
Spread of Christianity in the country.
Sources:
History of the Filipino People by Teodoro Agoncillo http://magellan.tripod.com/voyage.html
www.economics.utoronto.ca/munro5/SPICES1.htm
