Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center in cooperation with the
International Development Research Centre
SAFIS Extension Manual Series No. 10, 1984
INDUCED BREEDING
OF THAI SILVER CARP
SEC/SM/10 SAFIS MANUAL No. 10
INDUCED BREEDING OF THAI SILVER CARP
Information and Publication Unit
Fishery Conservation and Extension Division Department of Fisheries
Thailand
The Secretariat
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center June 1984
T h is manual i s a t r a n s l a t i o n o f th e T h a i in f o r m a t io n p a m p h le t e n t i t l e d "การผสมเทียม ปลาตะเพียนขาว" (K arn phasom th ia m p la t a p ia n k h a o ) , 1981. The t r a n s l a t i o n was p re p a re d by M r. V i j a i S ris u w a n ta c h , S e n io r F is h e r ie s B i o l o g i s t , N a tio n a l In la n d
F is h e r ie s I n s t i t u t e , D epartm ent o f F is h e r ie s , T h a ila n d , and was e d ite d by th e S e c r e t a r ia t .
INDUCED BREEDING OF THAI SILVER CARP I n fo r m a t io n and P u b lic a t io n U n it
F is h e r y C o n s e rv a tio n and E x te n s io n D iv is io n D epartm ent o f F is h e r ie s
T h a ila n d
P u n tiu s g o n io n o tu s B le e k e r , o r T h a i s i l v e r c a r p , c a l le d l o c a l l y " P la t a p ia n k h a o " , i s one o f th e T h a i lo c a l fo o d f i s h . I t i s a f a s t - g r o w in g f r e s h w a t e r f i s h , easy t o c u l t u r e and h i g h l y p r o d u c t iv e . The s p e c ie s fe e d s m a in ly on a q u a tic p l a n t s , g ra s s e s , and a lg a e .
R e c e n tly , th e n a t u r a l o c c u rre n c e o f T h a i s i l v e r c a rp f r y has d im in is h e d . An adequate
s u p p ly o f s t o c k in g f r y can be e n su re d b y p ro d u c in g them u n d e r c o n t r o ll e d c o n d it io n s . The f o ll o w i n g
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mode o f o p e ra tio n is recommended f o r induced spawning o f Thai s i lv e r carp, as w e ll as o th e r fre sh w ater species.
1. S e le c tio n o f brood f is h
S e le c tio n o f brood f is h is one o f the most im po rta n t stages in induced spawning o p e ra tio n s . The farm er should know how to s e le c t h e a lth y males and females in order to o b ta in maximum p ro d u ctio n o f f r y . Brood fis h should be c a r e fu lly tended f o r two to three months before induced spawning op era tio n s are c a rrie d o u t. Males and females should be
s e g re g a te d and stocked in separate ponds. The feed should have a high p r o te in c o n te n t. Change o f water by o c c a s io n a lly d ra in in g o f f and r e f i l l in g the pond i s re q u ire d . The s to ckin g ra te o f brood stock is about 1 to 2 fis h /m 2.
To be good brooders the f is h must be
more than one year o ld . The fo llo w in g c h a ra c te ris t i c s can be used as g u id e lin e s to a s c e rta in th a t the f is h are ready f o r induced spawning o p e ra tio n s.
The female has a b u lg in g abdomen. I t is e la s t ic and s o ft to the touch, e s p e c ia lly a t the lower p a r t. The cloaca is re ddish and prom inent, and
the contour o f the ovary can be seen on both sides o f the abdomen. The abdomen o f the male is f e l t to be f l a t t e r when g e n tly pressed, and, i f the m i l t exudes e a s ily , t h is in d ic a te s the ripeness o f the m i l t .
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2. Requirements f o r induced breeding o p e ra tio n 1) Brood fis h e s , 10 males and 5 fem ales.
2) F u lly mature f i s h o f the same
species o r common carp f o r p re p a ra tio n o f p i t u i t a r y g land.
3) Small te s t tube c o n ta in in g acetone f o r p re s e rv a tio n o f the gland.
4) K n ife and chopping board.
5) Dip n e t o r c a rry in g s tr e tc h e r . A c lo th o f a p p ro p ria te s iz e form ing a trough f o r h o ld in g the f i s h is fix e d to the wooden arms o f the s tr e tc h e r . 6) D isse ctin g k i t .
7) Homogenizer, d i s t i l l e d w a te r, c o tto n wads.
8) Syringe and needle.
9) Round p la s t ic c o n ta in e r and fe a th e r . 10) S ca les.
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3. O btaining the P it u it a r y Gland
Exposing the p i t u i t a r y gland
The f is h from which the hypophysis is to be c o lle c te d is weighed and placed on a chopping board. The s k u ll is cu t open w ith a k n if e . A ft e r removing a piece o f the s k u ll, f a t t y tis s u e and blood are wiped o f f w ith a c o tto n wad. The p i t u i t a r y gland can be seen a f t e r the m id -b ra in has been fo ld e d back by using fo rce p s.
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4. P re p a ra tio n o f P it u it a r y Gland S o lu tio n
The gland is ground in the homogenizer;
d i s t i l l e d w ater is added and the gland is again ground. A syrin g e is used to suck out the s o lu tio n f o r in je c t io n .
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5. In je c tio n o f Female Brood Fish
G iving an in tra m u s c u la r in je c t io n
The in tra m u s c u la r in je c t io n is given in the area between the base o f the d o rsa l f i n and la t e r a l lin e . Care should be taken n o t to in s e r t the needle too deep (about 1-1.5 cm). The
in je c t io n should be given tw ice a t a s ix -h o u r in t e r v a l. O vu la tion occurs about s ix hours a f t e r the second in je c t io n .
6. Amount o f P it u it a r y Gland S o lu tio n In je c te d One co n ce n tra tio n (one dose) commonly used can be expressed as fo llo w s :
one dose = w eight o f donor f is h w eight o f r e c ip ie n t f is h
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The "w eight o f donor f i s h " may be the sum o f the weights o f se veral in d iv id u a ls .
The female can be in je c te d w ith hypophysis o f common carp in a dosage o f 0 .5 -1 .2 f o r the f i r s t in je c t io n . The dosage o f the second
in je c t io n is about th re e to s ix times th a t o f the f i r s t one.
7. A r t i f i c i a l Insem ination
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The w ater on the fe m a le's body should be wiped o f f w ith a to w e l. As the abdomen is being pressed, the s trip p e d eggs should be c o lle c te d in a dry p la s t ic c o n ta in e r. At the same tim e , the m i lt i s made to d r ip on the eggs by p re ssin g the cloaca o f the male. Eggs and sperm are mixed and s t ir r e d g e n tly w ith a fe a th e r. Next, a l i t t l e clean water is added and g e n tly mixed again.
A fte r one to two m inutes, water is added two or th re e times to cleanse the f e r t i l i z e d eggs. Then the f e r t i l i z e d eggs are tra n s fe rre d to the
in c u b a to r. Most o f the f e r t i l i z e d eggs hatch out w ith in 14 to 16 hours.
8. Fry Nursing
During the f i r s t th re e days a f t e r h a tc h in g , the f r y do not need any food. A fte r t h a t, b o ile d egg y o lk mixed w ith w ater can be used as feed, which is sprayed o r s p rin k le d onto the f r y in c u b a to r th ree times a day. A ft e r fe eding w ith y o lk f o r fo u r days, the f r y is tra n s fe rre d to nursery ponds a t a s to c k in g ra te o f 400 fr y /m 2.
The f r y i s fed w ith steamed eggs mixed w ith water f o r ten days and then fed w ith r ic e bran, broken r ic e o r soy bean. Feeding frequency is tw ice d a ily . The f r y are nursed u n t i l they are one month o ld and have reached the size o f 5 to 7 cm.
In ge ne ra l, the area o f the earthen nursery pond ranges from 200 to 400 m2, w ith a 70 cm water d e p th .
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9. Rearing Pond
An earthen re a rin g pond o f about 400 to 1,600 m2 , w ith 1 m w ater depth, is recommended.
The s to c k in g ra te f o r f is h measuring 5 to 7 cm is 2 to 3 fis h /m 2 . They are fed w ith a cooked m ixtu re o f broken r i c e , r ic e bran, and vegetables a t a r a t i o o f 1: 2: 4. A ft e r c u lt u r in g f o r s ix months, the weight o f th e f is h is about 500 g.
A d d itio n a l in fo rm a tio n may be obtained upon request from:
N a tio n a l In la n d F is h e rie s I n s t i t u t e Department o f F is h e rie s
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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L is t o f SAFIS Extension Manuals
SEC/SM/1 Khumua lia n g p la namcheut (Freshwater F ish Farming: How to B e g in )-- in Thai SEC/SM/2 Oyster C u ltu re
SEC/SM/3 Mussel C ultu re
SEC/SM/4 Ang pagpuna ug pagtapak sa pukot (Net Mending and P a tc h in g )-- in Cebuano-
Bisaya
SEC/SM/5 Mussel Farming
SEC/SM/6 Menter n ak Ikan A irta w a r (Freshwater Fish Farming: How to B e g in )-- in Bahasa M alaysia
SEC/SM/7 Makanan dan Pemakanan Udang Harimau, Penaeus monodon ( N u t r it io n and Feeding o f Sugpo, Penaeus monodon) - - in
Bahasa M alaysia
SEC/SM/8 Macrobrachium C u ltu re
SEC/SM/9 S e le c tio n o f Marine Shrimp f o r C u ltu re SEC/SM/10 Induced Breeding o f Thai S ilv e r Carp
SAFIS is the Southeast Asian Fisheries Information Ser
vice. It is a project of the SEAFDEC Secretariat set up to provide extension materials for small - scale fishermen and fish farmers in the region. For additional informa
tion, contact the Project Leader of SAFIS SEAFDEC Liaison Office
956 Rama IV Road
Olympia Building, 4th floor Bangkok 10500, Thailand
