COMMUNICATION AS A SOCIAL PRACTICE: INVESTIGATING THE MEANING OF SMOKING AMONG AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN SITIO LALAWAN, MALAYBALAI TOWN, BUKIDNON. I grant the University of the Philippines a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to reproduce, publish and publicly distribute copies of this thesis or dissertation in any form in accordance with the provisions of applicable law, the provisions of the UP Intellectual Property Rights Policy. and all contractual obligations, as well as more detailed permission labels on the front page. This thesis entitled “Communication as Social Practice: Exploring the Meaning of Smoking among Farmers in Sitio Lalawan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon” is hereby accepted by the Faculty of Information and Communication Studies, U.P.
Open University, as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Development Communication (MDC) degree. I would like to thank God for the wisdom he gave me throughout my journey at the University of the Philippines Open University, especially in writing this thesis which I could not imagine finishing at the beginning. Also, I'd like to give a shout out to my friends (Cami G., Karlaleng, Keenang, Astred Jill, Jadee, Angel, Kizza, Paul, Johnmar, Janus, Ronnel, the rest of the Dimags Fam, Jeric, Christine, Jaysiel, Nikki , Joffrey and David Roy) and classmates (Nova, Dannah, Rachel, Madam Nancy and Kerchy) for the unceasing emotional encouragement; and colleagues (Dr. Ruel R. Cabahug, Dr. Ruth G. Cabahug, Arnel, Laurence, Eomma Lyn, Ma'am Mona and Ma'am April) for the informative and social network support.
Communication as a social practice: exploring the meaning of smoking among farm workers in Sitio Lalawan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. In conclusion, smoking is their life and breaking it will seriously unravel the social fabric that binds the members of the farming community.
Thus, there is a need to explore and understand how farm workers in the said area view smoking in their lives. Furthermore, there is relatively little research on the meaning of smoking in the Philippines, especially in marginalized sectors involving agricultural workers. Also, the existing knowledge on smoking in the country is obtained through a quantitative approach (e.g. Yamaguchi et al., 2021), which requires conducting further research using qualitative means.
The researcher was interested in the phenomena of conceptualizing smoking in the context of a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the study is to take a narrative approach in understanding the importance of smoking among local farmers. The prevalence of smoking among farm workers in the context of this study only means that existing health interventions, such as graphic health warnings on cigarette packs and bans on smoking in public spaces, are inadequate.
Finally, this study used the qualitative method, which was not extensively used in the previous studies on smoking in the Philippines. The application of this approach in the study is described in the subsequent sections, especially in the methodology.
The results of the study by Humphreys et al. 2011) revealed that smoking forged strong relationships rather than breaking them apart among professional women. The same is true of adult smokers aged 22–52 years from the United Kingdom (Collins et al., 2002). One of them is simply addiction to cigarettes or nicotine, which brings satisfaction to individuals (Henningfield et al., 2020).
According to Gana et al. 2018), smoking is an attitude that every 'real man' should adopt. Highly educated female smokers saw smoking as a rebellion against the establishment, as it is banned in most bars (Humphreys et al., 2011). They are even less aligned when it comes to the country's declining smoking rates (Buettner-Schmidt et al., 2019).
The study specifically responded to the call of the recent study of Yamaguchi et al. 2021), which recommends conducting another qualitative investigation regarding the mentioned topic. One of the proponents of this tradition is Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, who emphasizes that learning and development takes place on two levels: the social level (interactions with others) and the psychological level (within the individual) (Wang et al., 2011) ).
First, people organize and make meaning of their experiences of the world through narratives they tell. In this qualitative study, the researcher was directly involved in the different stages of the research process, namely thematization, design, interviewing, transcribing, analysis, verification and reporting (Fink, 2000). In an effort to gain access to the thoughts and feelings of the participants during the data collection (interview and storytelling), he paid close attention to their narratives.
Data collection dates were scheduled according to participant preference and availability. Storytelling can also support researchers in exploring the world from the perspective of participants, especially those from vulnerable populations (Palacios et al., 2015) (i.e., farm workers in the present study). Reconstruction is the process of collecting and analyzing stories based on vital story elements such as time, place, plot, and scene (Foxall et al., 2021).
In terms of validity, it was ensured that the results and conclusions of the study were related to the research questions. Before conducting the study, the researcher obtained an approval from the panel.
After ato, naay times nga tagaan ko ni papa ug duha ka stick, ibutang sa notebook nako para paskwelahon nako, kay dili man lagi ko mupalit ug sigarilyo, gamay ra lagi akong bayad sa una, pesos, singkwenta, didto. . Sa high school pa ko, amigo nako ang mga tawo nga nag-inom ug nanigarilyo sama niadtong Juan [bansagon] nga nagpuyo karon sa sunod barangay. Kapila na nila ako gitestingan sa ilang tudlo pero wala nako nabuhat.
Kini nga pagtuki mitumaw sa tubag ni Dionicio (pseudonym), kinsa miingon, "tungod kay sila [barkada] kanunay manigarilyo, ako naghunahuna kon unsa ang lami niini, mao nga sila mihangyo kanako sa pagpanigarilyo, mao nga ako gisulayan. Unya sila misulti kanako sa pag-adto sa health center para limpiyohan ug tabunan akong samad, samtang nagdilaab pa magsige kog sigarilyo ug inom ug mouli ko mga ala-una sa kadlawon.
Naa pay time nga sige kog balik-balik, ang pool room murag balay nako, adto ko matulog. Kay luoy lagi akong mama ug murag kabalo siya sa akong naagoman, dal-an ko niyag pagkaon sa pool kay di ko mubalik." (Anton). Usahay moadto ko sa balay sa akong amiga, manigarilyo ug didto matulog sulod sa pipila ka adlaw.
Kon mag-away sila sa balay, adto dayon ko sa farm nga mag-inusara, unya manigarilyo ko para mawala akong stress ug dili na mahinumdom sa problema. May mga higayon nga nagtrabaho ko isip manukan. Sa una nakong ulitawo, daghan kog mga higala nga mitudlo kanako unsaon pagpanigarilyo.
So after two months nga pagpuyo diri, taud-taud na nga naay idea nga niabot nako samtang nanigarilyo ko. So nanigarilyo ko, una ko nakigstorya nila, then hinay2 kog panigarilyo, then nihangyo dayon ko kung pwede ba ko nila hatagan ug trabaho. Kini ang gipasiugda ni Eduardo sa dihang gipangutana siya bahin sa mga sitwasyon nga kasagaran niyang manigarilyo: “Mao nay nahimamat nako ang akong mga higala nga chain smokers.
Gipagawas dayon nako ang usa ka sigarilyo unya nangutana dayon ko, “Naa kay sigarilyo diha?” Ana sila, “Oo, naa,” mao to nanigarilyo mi. Kung dili ko minyo, bisan unsa akong buhaton, kung adunay higayon nga manigarilyo, manigarilyo ko.
Indeed, the proverb “ang maling ginagawa ng matanda ay nagung tama sa mata ng bata” [“the misbehavior of adults is corrected through the eyes of a child”] supports the finding that smoking is a communicative social practice that can be difficult to to change as norms cannot be transformed. It must also be ensured that in the development of the comic the context must be localized so that the farm workers can relate to the story and message conveyed in the material. It has already been five years since the approval and implementation of the smoke-free ordinance in the City of Malaybalay.
Therefore, there is a need for the local government to review the enforcement of this ordinance as its implementation is only centered on the people of the city itself. The present qualitative research was able to generate a conceptual framework shown in the previous section, where hypotheses,. Essential ingredients of a good research proposal for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the social sciences.
Trends in the Age of US Youth Smoking Initiation From 2002 to 2018. Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Social Quality The role of the researcher in the qualitative research process. Qualitative study of exclusive smokers, ENDS users and transitioning smokers or ENDS users in the time of COVID-19.
Your participation will greatly contribute to meaningful research that can be an additional insight to existing studies on smoking in the Philippines. That is why he always asked my father, who was in 1st grade, to move the carabaos to the pasture early in the morning. When it is dry, we [farm workers] bag it and transfer it to the storage area.
When we fished in the river, we always smoked because it was cold. When I wake up, this is the first thing that comes to my mind and I say "I like to smoke". There was a sari-sari shop owned by Manang Inday, so I asked for cigarettes and promised to pay her in the future because I had no money.
That's why after how many days, I think 3 days, Manang Inday and my ex-girlfriend were seen in the market. He borrowed my cigarettes!' This is the first time my ex-girlfriend knew that I am a smoker.
