MICROWAVE RADIO LINK DESIGN FOR MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY
(MERALCO) SUBSTATIONS
MARC LOUIE LACDAO OLAP 2004-65271
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAŇOS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MARCH 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Biographical Sketch i
Acknowledgement ii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
I. Introduction 1
A. Description of the Study 2
B. Significance of the Study 2
C. Objectives 4
D. Scope and Limitations 4
E. Date and Place of Study 5
F. Company Profile 5
G. Training Activities 8
II. Review of Literature 11
A. Link Budget/ Path Calculation 12
A.1 Beam Curvature 12
A.2. Path Profile 13
A.3. Fresnel Zone Clearance 13
A.4. Receiver Sensitivity Threshold and Receive Signal Level 15
A.5. Fade Margin and Link Availability 15
A.6. Transmitter Output Power 16
A.7. Free Space Loss 16
A.8. Antenna Gain 17
A.9. System Gain 18
B. Physical Components 18
B.1. Transmitter 18
B.2. Receiver 18
B.3. Antenna 19
B.4. Towers 19
B.5. Path 20
III. Study Methodology 21
IV. Discussion and Analysis 23
A. Contour Data 25
B. Fresnel Zone Clearance Calculation 30
C. Computation on System Requirement 36
C.1. Transmitter Output Power 37
C.2. Transmission Line Loss 37
C.3. Miscellaneous Losses 38
C.4. Other Losses 38
C.4.1 RF Splitter Loss 38
C.4.2 Filter Loss 38
C.4.3 Hybrid Loss 38
C.4.4 Circulator Loss 38
C.5. Free Space Loss 38
C.6.Receiver Threshold 39
C.7. System Gain 39
C.8 Fade Margin 40
C.9. Antenna Gain 41
C.10. Receive Signal Level 42
C.11 (Fade Margin)NEW 42
C.12. Reliability 43
C.13. Probability System Outage 43
D. Path Data Calculation Sheet
44
E. Network Diagram 46
V. Observations 48
VI. Conclusion 50
VII. Recommendations 52
Literature Cited 54
Appendices 56
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Description Page
1 Company logo 6
2 Fresnel zone 14
3 Topographical Map containing the two sites 25
4 Path Profile including the Earth Curvature nad Elevation along the Path 28
5 Path Profile with Line of Sight 29
6 First Fresnel Calculation 30
7 Path Profile including Line of Sight, 1st Fresnel Zone and 60% Fresnel Zone 31 8 Self-Supporting tower with different bases and guyed tower 34
9 Computation for Minimum Antenna Height 35
10 Link Budget for the radio link Connection 44
11 Network Diagram of the Microwave Link 46
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page
1 Initial data for both location of the path 26
2 Distance from Site A to B and Specific Path Elevation and Earth Curvature 27
3 Computation for Clearance from Point of Consideration 32 4 Complete Data Including Clearance Calculation 33
5 Reliability Table with Probability System Outage 43
6 Path Data Sheet 45
