Following the adoption of the Global Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) in October 1995, SEAFDEC embarked on a Regionalization of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (RCCRF) program which began in 1998. This could be one of the many reasons why the SSF was not much focused in the Global Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries.
Global Monograph on Fishing Vessels for SSF Considering the global concerns on the need to clearly
In doing so, efforts were made to collect information on the region's SSF in order to assess its status and hopefully come up with recommendations on the development of management systems for SSF. In an effort to initiate an assessment of the status of SSF, SEAFDEC has developed a dedicated website (http://www. rsn-ssf.net) to serve as a conduit for all those involved in SSF , especially in the Southeast Asian region to exchange experiences and views on the sustainable development of SSF.
Global Geographical Information of SSF
In order to give impetus to the development of a program focusing on SSF, SEAFDEC has previously proposed the following activities as a means of exchanging views with those who have extensive experience with SSF. Global Monograph on Fishing Vessels for SSF In view of global concerns regarding the need for a clear.
About the Author
Global Analysis on the Appropriate
The outcomes of the SEAFDEC initiatives are expected to contribute greatly to the efforts of FAO and Regional Fisheries Authorities to develop a global dedicated fisheries program. fishing fishing fishing fishing fishing fishing fishing fishing fishing in different regions of the world.
Sei Etoh
The Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project
The adoption of the CBRM approach is promoted for the sustainable development of the coastal resources. It is in this aspect that HRD is needed to prepare the capacity of the local people in managing the resources.
The ICRM Project in Pathew District, Chumphon Province, Thailand
The extent of involvement and initiatives of the participating agencies as illustrated in the ICRM-PD are shown in the figure. Specifically, a local enforcement unit was established within the PFG to implement local MCS activities within a demarcated area of the project area.
The Integrated Coastal Resources
As one of the major activities in the adoption of CBRM, PFG in collaboration with Ao.Bo.To also organized mangrove rehabilitation. In addition to the Royal Project Council, the DOF and the Thai Ministry of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR), other local agencies and offices also participated in the implementation of the ICRM-PD project.
Management in Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia
The successful outcome of the crab bank scheme implemented by the ICRM-PD project was a challenge for KEN following their study trip to Chumphon, Thailand in April 2005. Further strengthening of the local enforcement team is therefore crucial before deploying the second set of FEDs in the project area.
Management in Sihanoukville, Cambodia
Among the main achievements of ICRM-SV is the preparation by local people of the Community Fisheries Area Management Plan (CFAMP). The approved Community Fisheries Guidelines govern the implementation of the CBRM concept in Sihanoukville, Cambodia under the ICRM-SV project.
Way Forward
Tilapia farming in the country dates back to the early 1950s with the introduction of the Mozambican tilapia. With the introduction of better growing species, tilapia farming operations have expanded and this has led to the improvement of the country's overall tilapia production.
Status of Tilapia Aquaculture in the Philippines
Although this article discussed the development of tilapia aquaculture in the Philippines, other countries can learn from this experience with specifi-. Dissemination of genetically improved Nile tilapia strains began in the early 1990s and this signaled the start of a booming tilapia industry in the country.
Tilapia Aquaculture in the Philippines at Current Level
This group provides a forum for stakeholders in the tilapia industry to work together through advocacy, promotion of tilapia consumption and implementation of the tilapia industry development plan (ADB, 2005). Traditionally, milkfish has been the most popular and widely farmed fish in the country, while roundfish has also been considered the most popular but affordable marine fish for the poor.
Research Needs
Given the dynamism of the tilapia industry in the Philippines, it is necessary that both the public and private sectors continue to work together to address the major challenges and achieve the target set out in the Tilapia Development Plan. A number of research areas/initiatives have been proposed (Box 4) to improve tilapia production in the Philippines.
Conclusion
One of the weaknesses of the Philippine tilapia industry is the lack of strategy and supportive environment for the full commercialization of tilapia, especially in the export market. In the Philippines, the high cost of commercial feed contributes greatly to the increase in the total production cost of tilapia.
About the Authors
A study should be launched that will assess the risk aspects of small-scale tilapia farming compared to other production-oriented investments. The role of cooperatives and farmer organizations in small-scale tilapia culture needs to be investigated.
MAXIMIZING
OPPORTUNITIES IN SEAWEEDS FARMING
The Nature and Uses of Carageenan
Alternative Livelihood for Poor Fishers and Coastal Dwellers
This condition requires rational approaches to the development of the industry, which includes agriculture, processing, marketing and trade. In the Philippines, where seaweed contributes the majority of total aquaculture production, the government considers it an important commodity along with milkfish and tilapia that has the potential to generate food and income for poorer groups.
Commercial Seaweed Resources
Initially, no attempt was made to isolate the Eucheuma spp. in the country, with her. abundant growth in the reefs, fishermen simply collected them. Their successful trials led to the establishment and promotion of seaweed farms and a processing industry specializing in the production of Philippine Natural Grade (PNG) carrageenan, which is mainly derived from the Eucheuma species.
Concerns
The existence of other raw materials in the world "glue" market, which can be substitutes for carrageenan, is a big problem. Other issues are the shortage of supply in the world market, and degeneration of raw seaweed quality leading to low carrageenan yield.
Private Sector Initiatives
The industry should also address possible trade barrier measures that link environmental, consumer and poverty reduction into the overall fisheries development policies of producing and exporting countries. This approach saved the Danajon reef from further degradation and improved the livelihoods of the fishermen who depended on the reef through seaweed farming.
Opportunities
One advantage of this method is "lantay" can also be used later to dry the seaweed after a complete harvest. The detailed production system and projected income of seaweed farming farmers using “Lantay” are shown in Box 7 and Box 8 respectively.
Servicing the Seaweed Farmers
Lantay” Construction and Seaweed Planting
The products of the small farmers usually go through a number of middlemen before reaching the exporters and/. Since the exporters or processors determine the purchase price, the small farmers who represent the majority of producers receive only a small portion of the profit.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Bueno is Advisor to the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia Pacific (NACA), Bangkok, Thailand. The complex market structure through which the product is channeled can contribute to the deterioration of the quality of the product.
Need for a Coastal Policy
This policy brief presents the need for a marine and coastal resource policy, a vision for Thailand's coasts, and the principles, goals and objectives of coastal resource management. It also presents possible institutional and legal arrangements for the implementation of the proposed policy on marine and coastal resources.
Realizing Coastal Benefits
This policy brief, which takes into account the key findings of the Green Paper on Marine and Coastal Resources Policy, has been proposed to the Ministry of Fisheries of Thailand as the Executive Agency for CHARM and to the Ministry of Marine and Coastal Resources as the Secretariat of the National Subcommittee for the management of marine and coastal resources under. Based on this feedback, a document was prepared with the aim of setting out Thailand's future policy on coastal resource management, which could begin its gradual implementation through appropriate institutional and legal arrangements in implementation of priority programs and demonstration projects.
Sustaining Coastal Benefits
In addition, the country's coast has significant aesthetic, cultural, educational, scientific and spiritual values that also offer future development prospects that exceed those available in most other areas of the country. Therefore, Thailand's coast provides an important foundation for the country's future economic development, poverty reduction and sustainable job creation.
Promoting Proactive and Cooperative Governance
Thailand is endowed with rich coastal and marine resources, world-class tourist destinations amid its sparkling beaches and coral reefs, and an extensive coastline that is home to 25% of the country's population. It promotes collaborative governance and public-private partnerships to promote a shared responsibility for managing the country's coastal heritage, and also proposes mechanisms for coordination and integration between different sectors.
Vision and Principles
The Green Paper proposes an approach to coastal management that emphasizes facilitation rather than regulation. To develop and implement this new approach, an investment must be made in coastal management.
Goals and Objectives
Only in this way can the diversity, health and productivity of coastal ecosystems be maintained, and thus the benefits and opportunities that the coast offers can be realized and preserved. Failure to make such an investment will leave many coastal communities in poverty and reduce opportunities for future development.
Institutional and Legal Arrangements
These programs should examine the implications of national coastal management policy at the local level and may be accompanied by the development of local coastal management guidelines by the National Marine and Coastal Resources Committee in consultation with provincial lead agents. Having sectors of local government represented in such forums could equally assist the provincial marine and coastal resource committees to achieve coordination between these sectors and to ensure that coastal considerations are incorporated into the provincial coastal management plans.
Next Steps
Yves Henocque is co-director for the EU of the Coastal Habitat and Resources Management (CHARM) Project in Thailand, Email: Yves HENOCQUE Although the provisions of sectoral laws are implemented within each sector, little or no attention is paid to the effects of the implementation of the regulations on other sectors or coastal communities. In addition to the need for a possible revision and amendment of these laws for better harmonization, there is also a need for a legal framework that recognizes coastal communities and gives them legal personality while providing an inter-ministerial, cross-sectoral committee mechanism to coordinate all activities. government actors already active in the coastal zone and marine areas. Promoting the culture of Gilthead Sea Bream Sea bream could also be investigated as a potential candidate species for such a farming system using marine, brackish or low saline inland waters. Fish adapted to low saline water exhibit a passive efflux of ions such as Na+ and Cl- into the water through the gills, feces and renal system, which must be compensated by the active uptake of ions (e.g. Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+) from water and/or from food. The diet of fish therefore constitutes an important source of salts that can meet the osmoregulatory requirements, especially when fish are kept in low salt water, thus saving energy used for osmoregulation and conserving more energy for growth. In high salinity water (up to 28 ppt) feed intake usually increases, but the growth rate decreases which affects feed turnover ratio. The fish reared in 5.5 ppt and 7.0 ppt water salinity and the control or fed the different salt-enriched diets did not differ significantly. In contrast, fish raised in 3.0 ppt salinity and fed the diet containing 1.5% salt had SGR. The lower the salinity of the test breeding water, the lower the survival rate. The experiment indicated that the lower the salinity of the mixed water, the more pronounced the effect on growth and survival. White and blue were not different (P≥0.05), but the white color was significantly more attractive than green, red and the control (P≤0.05). Blue was significantly more attractive than green, red and control (P≤0.05) and green was significantly more attractive than red and control (P≤0.05). The color of light that attracted the squid the most in this experiment was blue. June 17-19 Bangkok, Thailand Workshop on Assessment and Management of the Offshore Resource of South and Southeast Asia. 16-18 January Bangkok, Thailand ASEAN-SEAFDEC Workshop on Implementation of ASEAN Roadmap for Fisheries Sector Integration. 29 Apr-2 May Bangkok, Thailand ASEAN-SEAFDEC RTC on Small-Scale Fisheries in Southeast Asia SEAFDEC Secretariat 30 Apr-4 May Philippines Training Course on Mangrove Ecology, Taxonomy and Community.Feedbacks
Acclimation into Low Saline Waters
Salt Addition in Diets
Research Methods and Findings
Acknowledgement
Squid’s Attraction to Different Colored Lights
Observation of Squid Behavior
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
