Journal of Public Affairs and Development is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal of the College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños. Philippines Copyright © 2017 by University of the Philippines Los Baños Portions of this publication may be quoted without permission in other scholarly and popular writing as long as credit is given to the source. Published in 2017 by the College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines Printed in the Republic of the Philippines.
Dekano ken Propesor, Kolehio ti Affairs Publiko ken Panagrang-ay, Unibersidad ti Filipinas Los Baños, Filipinas. 3Propesor, Departamento ti Siensia ti Sosial, Kolehio ti Arte ken Siensia, Unibersidad ti Filipinas Visayas (UPV), Siudad ti Iloilo, Filipinas.
Comparative Analysis of the
A total of 128 association presidents were surveyed in ten provinces in the Philippines and were asked about their knowledge and perception about the organization, natural resource policies and water status in the area. The National Irrigation Systems (NIS) still has a formal structure as influenced by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA), but it adopts the characteristics of the Communal Irrigation Systems (COMS) management as a result of the paradigm shift to participatory irrigation management. The CIS, on the other hand, can remain an informal organization imitating the character of the NOS, or it can become more formally operational.
They differed based on the average amount charged and the method of collection. 1University Researcher, Community Innovations Studies Center, College of Public Affairs and Development (CPAf), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB).
National and Communal Irrigation Systems’ Water Governance
Using Saleth and Dinar's water governance framework, the study characterized irrigation associations and examined how they function and how they are managed.
The Philippines Case
Variables of the water law component include knowledge of irrigation water managers about the legal basis of water resources;. More than half (27% of NIS and 25% of CIS) of the IA managers saw that water rights were based on the belief. This was assessed by the respondents in terms of the level of strength or weakness (Table 13).
The average rating of NIS respondents ranged from 3.06 (moderately strong for research, training and extension) to 3.98 (very good for planning and design). Most liability provisions were rated higher by CIS compared to NIS ratings.
Community Development Methods Toward Food Security: The System
The study was conducted in Zumalai sub-district, Covalima in East Timor to analyze the contribution of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) programme. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents attended various components of the SRI training. The general objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of the SRI program through community development methods to achieve rice security in the Zumalai sub-district.
Based on the conceptual framework (Figure 1), this study was a step towards conceptualization of community development methods used in the implementation of the SRI as an innovative strategy to contribute to rice security in the study areas. They also mentioned that their group could be supported in the future based on the identified benefits of the SRI technology and their needs. The majority (92%) preferred skills and knowledge about all components of SRI that could be useful in improving their rice production in the future.
More than half (52%) of respondents reported experiencing hunger or rice shortage before participating in the SRI program. Those respondents who were aware of the resource use issues were more likely to have produced enough rice since their involvement in the SRI program and will not experience a rice shortage. Access to rice (AR) and source of money to buy during scarcity (SM) were not correlated with any of the indicators of the CV methods.
Among rice utilization variables, rice sufficiency for household consumption (SRC) was not associated with any of the indicators of CD methods. In the future expansion of SRI, community development methods can be adopted to achieve effectiveness in innovation implementation and adoption. The adoption of SRI is a shift from traditional practices, which requires changes in behavior and attitudes.
Household Resources and Practices Toward Native Rice Sufficiency in
A SWOT analysis of the existing indigenous rice production system reveals a number of strengths and weaknesses. The domestic resources and practices of the indigenous rice farmers were identified as some of the contributing factors in achieving indigenous rice sufficiency. Explain the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of indigenous rice production in the study areas.
Domestic rice sufficiency at the household and community levels is determined by the practices and resources of farmers at the household and community levels. Most of the respondents had 1-5 household members, 1-2 children and 1-2 family members helping with domestic rice production (Appendix 1). It was found that farmers in the study areas are predominantly producers of natural rice or glutinous rice.
This study recognized the contribution of both men and women to indigenous rice farming in the study sites. During the indigenous rice production in the area in 2012, farmers paid five sacks for every 100 sacks of clean rice to the owners/operators of the threshers. The soft loans of the two respondents were used for indigenous rice production and livestock rearing.
Farmers in the study area differed in their choice of native rice variety to plant. Their pride in their own native varieties of rice was complemented by respect for the people as a whole. Xiengkhouang Province has been identified as one of the indigenous rice growing areas in the northern mountainous region of Lao PDR.
Farmer Field School as an Effective Approach in Increasing Farmers’
Knowledge, Skills, and Practices, and in Enhancing Diffusion of
Selected Rice Farmers in Masalasa, Victoria, Tarlac, Philippines
Before the implementation of the FFS on PalayCheck System in the town, variety trials (VTs) were established to. Apart from demonstrating their performance, these VTs also served as learning fields of the FFS farmers. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of the FFS approach in increasing the level of knowledge and skills of the FFS farmers.
In terms of education, 50 percent of the FFS participants were high school graduates compared to only two (8%) of the non-FFS farmers. In terms of tenant status, half (12) of the FSŽ farmers owned their own farms, while only nine NSŽP farmers owned their own farms. Farmers who practiced FFV achieved a higher mean score of 4.43 (agree) compared to a mean score of 3.25 (undecided) for farmers who did not practice FFS.
This was in contrast to the majority of non-FFS farmers who still used pesticides extensively to control pests (Exhibit 4). On the other hand, only few (25%) of the non-FFS farmers adopted the HR technology. The increase in productivity and profitability of the FFS farmers was attributed to their adoption of the various technologies taught in the FFS.
All FFS farmers claimed that they shared some of the technologies learned at FFS with other non-FFS farmers. Most FFS farmers shared technologies with non-FFS farmers because they wanted to share the benefits of using these technologies (Appendix 5). Level of skills and competencies of FFS and non-FFS participants in PalayCheck component technologies.
Addressing Food Security
Pabuayon et al.: Managing Food Security: Saba Banana 145 and Root Vegetables as Alternative Staple Foods to Rice. Pabuayon et al.: Managing Food Security: Saba Banana 147 and Root Vegetables as Alternative Staple Foods to Rice. Pabuayon et al.: Managing Food Security: Saba Banana 149 and Root Vegetables as Alternative Staple Foods to Rice.
Pabuayon et al.: Managing Food Security: Saba Banana 151 and Root Vegetables as Alternative Staple Foods to Rice. The significant variables for Saba banana and sweet potato included age, education, monthly household income, price of the crop and price of rice. Pabuayon et al.: Managing Food Security: Saba Banana 153 and Root Vegetables as Alternative Staple Foods to Rice.
Pabuayon et al.: Addressing food security: Saba 155 banana and root vegetables as alternative staple foods to rice. Pabuayon et al.: Addressing food security: Saba 157 banana and root vegetables as alternative staple foods to rice. Pabuayon et al.: Addressing food security: Saba 159 banana and root vegetables as alternative staple foods to rice.
Pabuayon et al.: Addressing food security: Saba 161 banana and root vegetables as alternative staple foods to rice. The price of rice had a positive effect on the demand for cassava and sweet potato, while the opposite was true for the Saba banana. Pabuayon et al.: Addressing food security: Saba 163 banana and root vegetables as staple food alternatives to rice.
Operational Policy Needs
481 in 2005, also known as the "Promotion and Development of Organic Agriculture in the Philippines", envisioned the establishment of organic agriculture in the country. Several national institutions have also been assigned responsibility for the promotion of organic farming in accordance with the provisions of the law. In the 1990s, organic farming became an important movement and many farmers' organizations and NGOs engaged in the development of organic farming (Källander & Rundgren, 2008).
NOAP targets about 5 percent of all agricultural land devoted to organic farming. Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Agriculture 173 Extension in the Philippines: Focus on Vegetables. Policy and Institutional Framework for Organic Agriculture Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Agriculture 175 Expansion in the Philippines: Focus on Vegetables.
Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Farming 177 Expansion in the Philippines: focus on vegetables. Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Farming 179 Expansion in the Philippines: focus on vegetables. Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Farming 181 Expansion in the Philippines: focus on vegetables.
Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Agriculture 183 Extension in the Philippines: Focus on Vegetables. Regarding the effect of organic farming on water quality, vegetable growers perceived that organic farming practices lead to cleaner/safer drinking water. Rola et al.: Operational Policy Needs for Organic Agriculture 185 Extension in the Philippines: Focus on Vegetables.
