Aromatic, glutinous, pigmented and japonica rice are some of the specialty types that command the highest price in the market. To confirm the target yield level and grain quality traits, they will be advanced to multi-location yield trials in the following season. For selection for resistance to BLB and other field traits, race Xoo 3 (strain PXO 79-Maligaya) was used to screen 58 different mutant lines from four different genotype backgrounds (Table 2).
The purpose of this study is to obtain information on the population structure of rice blast pathogens in the major rice-growing areas of the Philippines. This study aims to determine the contribution of rice breeding in the Philippines to the changes in cultivars released from 1966 to 2013.
Development of Irrigated Lowland Rice
The yield performance of the test posts was affected by two typhoons that occurred during the season. The maturity of the test accessions ranged from 111 to 128 DAS with PA scores ranging from 3 to 6. The maturity of the test accessions ranged from 119 to 137 DAS with PA scores ranging from 3 to 6.
Maturity of the test entries ranged from 107 to 126 DAS with PA scores ranging from 3 to 5. Maturity of the test entries ranged from 107 to 128 DAS with PA scores ranging from 3 to 5.
Hybrid Rice Breeding and Genetics
Eight F5 and twelve F6 populations will be subjected to the maintenance line yield trial in the next growing season. Thirty-three lines were used for retesting crosses with CMS lines and included in the backcross nursery to further evaluate their maintenance ability. These selected recovery lines will be further evaluated in the test cross nursery and forwarded to seed production for observation nursery.
Per-se performance of expected recovery lines of three-line hybrids in the test cross nursery, PhilRice-CES, 2015 WS. There were 80 (2015 DS) and 124 parental lines (2015 WS), composed of entries generated from double haploids (DH), tropical japonica (TJ), optimized plant morphology (OPM), marker assisted recurrent selection (MARS) and by hybrid marker assisted selection (HMAS) established in the source nursery. Yield and yield advantage of F1 hybrids over control varieties evaluated in the 2015 TCN on DS.
Top 15% selection will be forwarded for further evaluation in the PYT in subsequent seasons (Figure 13). Top 50% selections will be nominated for multi-location advanced testing in subsequent seasons (Figure 14). Fifteen promising hybrids were evaluated in the multi-location yield trial against five control varieties in 2015 WS.
The resistance of ten F2 populations to the Xoo 3 field race was evaluated in 2015 WS. The plants were still in the light room for further root development (Figure 20) and will be screened until plant maturity. Abiotic stress is a major limiting factor in rice productivity in large areas of the world.
Included in the screening were parental lines and F1 of released hybrids (Mestiso 47, Mestiso 48 and Mestiso 55). In 2015 DS, the 10 selected elite restoration lines submitted for evaluation in MET 0 (AYT) were monitored, the yield of the entries varied from 5.36 to 8.36 t/ha.
Development of Thermo-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterile (TGMS) Lines and TGMS-Based Two-Line Hybrid Rice
Twenty-eight (28) F1 populations selected during the dry season (DS) were evaluated during the wet season (WS), while 31 F1 populations selected during the wet season will be evaluated as F2 in the upcoming 2016 DS. Sixty-three (63) ) F2 populations and 1678 lines in F3 through F7 were evaluated during the year from which 989 male sterile lines were selected. During the year, 37 male sterile lines were evaluated in the TGMS observation farm at MSE and MFE.
Several promising uniform lines in the advanced generation (11 in F5 and 4 in F6) were used as parents in the production of experimental hybrids during DS 2015. Three and 5 purple-based versions of the hybrids Mestiso 19 and Mestiso 20, respectively, were made and were evaluated in the preliminary yield test during the dry season. Experimental two-line hybrids were created through hand crossing using 19 TGMS lines (5 are new) and 100 pollen parents during the dry season.
During the wet season, 13 TGMS lines and 175 pollen parents were planted and used to produce experimental hybrids. 200 experimental hybrids were evaluated in the Hybrid Observational Nursery (HON) during the dry season using Mestiso 19 and Mestiso 20 as hybrid controls, and PSB Rc 82 and NSIC Rc 222 as inbred control varieties (Table 34). In the Hybrid Preliminary Yield Trial (HPYT), 48 experimental hybrids were evaluated during the dry season.
Wheat yield (kg/ha) of high performing accessions in Advanced Hybrid Yield Trial, 2015 DS. Wheat yield (kg/ha) of good performing accessions in preliminary hybrid yield trial, 2015 WS. F1 seed production of PRUP 10, a promising entry in NCT was undertaken during the dry season.
Breeding of Specialty Rice
In DS, 13A, 6P and 5Zn/Fe were discarded due to poor plant type, severe lodging and susceptibility to BLB, sheath blight and leaf spot. Selection among WS was also limited due to heavy lodging and germination of plants brought about by two typhoons that visited the area when plants were in soft dough (Kabayan) and hard dough/maturity (Lando). Selection among WS was also limited due to the heavy lodging and germination of plants brought by the two typhoons that visited the area.
Core quality of the selected plants per specialty types from the HPS and PN, 2015DS. There were 2 A, 3 Zn/Fe, 1 P elevated to the multi-location yield trial (MYT) 2015WS evaluation in CES waiting slots in the MET. Yield performance and maturity of the top yielding entries by specialty types in the AON, 2015DS.
Yield performance and maturity of the top yielding entries by specialty types in the PYT, 2015DS. In the most advanced stage of Multi-Environment Yield Trial (MET, Phase 2 module 2), there were 22 entries evaluated during the season. Flavor (aroma) is considered one of the most important grain quality attributes in rice because aromatic rice cultivars command premium prices in the market today.
Production of golden rice introgression lines in the background of selected popular varieties with resistance to tungro and bacterial leaf blight. Golden Rice (GR), which contains increased levels of the pro-vitamin A-beta-carotene in the grains, was developed about a decade ago by biochemical engineering of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In the Philippines, approximately four out of ten children aged six months to five years and three out of ten school-aged children have VAD.
Development of Rice Barieties Adapted to Rainfed and Stress Environments
Further evaluation of the selected lines for uniformity and other agronomic traits will take place in DS 2016. Based on uniformity and phenotypic acceptability, a total of 282 of 34 crosses from F6 to F8 were selected and will be screened for reproductive drought stress tolerance in 2016 DS. Lines selected through mass screening are forwarded to an observation farm for yield trial evaluation.
A total of 616 SM6 sublines were generated and will be evaluated in 2016 for uniformity of agronomic traits, grain quality and resistance to RTD. Selections will be further evaluated, validated and reviewed for reproductive tolerance to drought in 2016 DS. The recovered plants were grown to maturity and the F4 seeds produced will be placed in a pedigree nursery for line development.
The recovered plants were grown to maturity and the F3 seeds harvested will be established in the pedigree nursery for line development. Stability analysis and final selection of breeding lines will be performed with the availability of data from other sites. These families will be phenotyped for submergence stress and evaluated for field performance (Table 60).
Selected plants will be planted for evaluation, plant selection and generation advancement at DS 2016. A selection of 20 of 83 F7 lines (generated by the BYB program) from sal-sub crosses (Table 64) generated at the nursery of origin (PN) will be advanced to seed uniformity and growth nurseries and subjected to multi-trait evaluation in 2016 DS. The 144 surviving F8 plants were genotyped resulting in the identification and selection of 86 F9 lines, which will be evaluated for uniformity selection and seed growth in 2016 DS. high-yielding varieties, yielding 56 and 70 F1 seeds respectively, with a total of.
Of the 56 entries into Observational Kindergarten, 39 were selected and will be promoted to Advanced Observational Kindergarten. From the 11 entries in the advance observation nursery, 6 were selected to be promoted to the Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) with three replications.
Development of selection criteria and strategies for organic rice breeding
In support of the declaration of Negros as an organic island, PhilRice Negros Station started its organic rice production and research in the six (6) hectare research and seed production area during the dry season of 2012. Various researches are needed to identify the appropriate varieties. know whether rice plant type suitable for organic rice production. It is also essential to know if there is a need for a separate variety development intended for organic rice production, hence this study.
The study aims to evaluate the performance of genotypes in conventional and organic rice production systems. The number of producer farmers, percent fertility, seed weight and harvest index were significantly affected by production systems. More productive fields and heavier seed weight were observed in the conventional system while the highest fertility and harvest index were observed in the zero input production system (Table 71).
The NSIC Rc204H and modern released varieties performed well under the low input system. pigmented), the newly released NSIC Rc358 and a promising line Raeline 7 also showed promising performance under this system (Table 74). The response of the varieties to the conventional rice production system will be more likely to differ from their response to the organic rice system, which is likely due to the difference in the level of applied inputs. Thus, indirect selection of higher yielding wheat varieties under the conventional system intended for the organic system may not be effective.
Among others, phenotypic traits relevant to a system of low external inputs (organic farming), rice production and farmer preference traits such as grain yield and aboveground biomass were measured. Combined ANOVA for grain yield showed a significant difference (P>0.0045) for genotype-by-environment (GXE) interaction for grain yield. Heritability for grain yield is high at both sites (0.77 and 0.61), indicating that direct phenotypic selection for this trait in the field is most likely to be effective.
