This Practical Guide for Gender Analysis in Small-Scale Fisheries and Aquaculture in Southeast Asia (hereafter “Practical Guide”) has been developed to support the implementation of the SEAFDEC Gender Strategy (SEAFDEC, 2019) adopted by the SEAFDEC Council at its 51st Meeting in 2019. Improved statistics would greatly increase the understanding of the importance of women's and men's roles and contributions in small-scale fisheries and aquaculture.
Thematic area 1. Responsible governance of tenure
As this practical guide was developed to support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines through programmes/projects focusing on small-scale fisheries and aquaculture in the Southeast Asian region, the framework of this practical guide is structured according to the thematic areas of the SSF Guidelines. , namely: Thematic area 1.
Thematic area 2. Sustainable resource management
Thematic area 3. Social development, employment, and decent work
Thematic area 4. Value chains, post-harvest, and trade
Thematic area 5. Disaster risk and climate change
The ideal time to start a gender analysis is in the early stages of the programme/project. The results of the gender analysis can be used in different phases of the programme/project cycle.
Program/project development
The program/project cycle is divided into three phases: development, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. However, given the time, budget and existing staff available, a gender analysis could be carried out at any stage of the programme/project cycle.
Program/project implementation
Program/project monitoring and evaluation
Gender analysis may be carried out by different individuals or groups depending on the needs of the programme/project. Clarify the roles of each program/project team member and encourage them to work as a team.
Focus group discussions
Tool 1 Resource Map
Participants should determine the content of the map and focus on what is important to them. The map may include mangroves, sea grasses, seaweeds, coral reefs, rivers, brackish water, aquaculture facilities, agricultural land (types of crops and location), infrastructure (fishing port, roads, markets, community, health clinics, schools, hospitals, banks , religious centers, police station, houses, etc.), tourist areas, places of special use (bus stations, etc.) and others. This is a good tool to start with as it is an easy and fun exercise to start a dialogue between community members and the PRA team.
Plan and organize a meeting for the whole community and make sure that women and men, young and old, and all socio-economic groups are invited. Make sure the map includes direction indicators (North, South, East and West) and an outline of the boundaries. Participants should not be interrupted unless they stop signing, in which case questions can be asked such as if there is anything else of interest that needs to be added.
Finally, ask participants to list some things they would like to see in their community that are not currently on the map. This allows for some preliminary planning ideas and encourages them to start contributing their thoughts early in the decision-making process.
Tool 2. Transect Diagram
Tool 3 Social Map
Tool 4 Trend Lines
Tool 5 Venn Diagram
Tool 6 Institutional Profiles
Tool 7 Fishing/aquaculture Systems Diagram
Tool 8 Benefits Analysis Flow Chart
Tool 9 Daily Activity Clocks
Tool 10 Seasonal Calendar
Tool 11 Resource Picture Cards
Tool 12 Income and Expenditure Matrix
Tool 13 Pairwise Ranking
Tool 14 Flow Diagram
Tool 15 Problem Analysis Chart
Tool 16 Preliminary Community Action Plan
Tool 17 Venn Diagram of Stakeholders
Tool 18 Stakeholders Partnership and Conflict Matrix
Tool 19 Best Bets Action Plan
Additional methods for gender analysis
- Routine desk study
- Direct observations
- Key informant interviews
- Semi-structured interviews
- Informal Group Discussions
- Brainstorming
The information obtained from direct observations is crucial for the interviewer to understand the perspective of the local people and be able to identify with them. The questions should be asked in such a way that the conversation will be more natural and free-flowing. Looking at maps or aerial photographs is a natural moment to discuss aspects of use and access to the fishery resources and environment, administrative boundaries, and so on.
In any case, the interview should be as relaxed and friendly as possible, because the way of asking questions depends on what the participants have to say, so that the conversation will be more natural and flowing. Gender-responsive indicators could be created using the suggested guiding questions in implementing the gender analysis methods and tools described in section 7. For each thematic area and specific gender issue, the guiding questions could be modified according to the programme/project context.
Gender-sensitive quantitative indicators Gender-sensitive qualitative indicators Disaggregated by gender, age, ethnicity, caste, social affiliation. Derived from quantitative indicators to show the average result or the degree to which a program/project goal or objective has been achieved (eg increasing women's empowerment).
Thematic area 1. Responsible governance of tenure
How many women/men received compensation for environmental damage, and loss of tenure rights and fishing business due to How much women/men receive compensation for environmental damage, and loss of property rights and fishing business due to What are the effects of the encroachment of industrial development on publicly owned fishing resources to women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich.
Number of women/men, girls/boys, young/old people, poor/rich, affected by the intervention. Number of women/men receiving compensation for environmental damage and loss of property rights and livelihoods due to fishing. Amount received by women/men as compensation for environmental damage and loss of property rights and livelihoods due to fishing.
How many displaced refugees and women/men affected by armed conflicts/disasters benefited from the repayments. The number of displaced refugees and women/men affected by armed conflicts/disasters benefited from the repayment of tenure.
Thematic area 2. Sustainable resource management
Thematic area 3. Social development, employment, and decent work
Number of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich who can read and write. Number of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich participating in informal group savings. What are the media consumption patterns (frequency, length) of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich.
Media consumption patterns (frequency, duration) of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich. What are the goals of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich for accessing social media. Number of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich who have social media accounts.
List of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich purposes for accessing social media. What are the productive/reproductive roles of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich.
Thematic area 4. Value chains, post-harvest, and trade
What support is provided/received by women/men in participation and leadership in the management of market facilities. List of support provided/received by women/men in participation and leadership in managing national/cross-border/international fish market facilities. What support is provided/received by women/men to better understand national/cross-border/international and the impact of specific trade policies and measures.
List of support provided/received by women/men to better understand national/international trade and the impact of specific trade policies and measures.
Thematic area 5. Disaster risk and climate change
Gender Issues Suggested Guiding Questions Examples of Gender Sensitive Indicators Managing Disaster Rehabilitation • How many rehabilitation/evacuation centers are available in the local community?. How many women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich families are in rehabilitation/evacuation centers and have received medical/psychological support? Number of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich families in rehabilitation/evacuation centers and received medical/psychological support.
Climate change • How many women/men, girls/boys, . young/old, poor/rich are aware of the consequences of climate change and adaptation plans? How many women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich are affected by climate change? What are the adaptation plans that include adequate funds for ... communities, with special attention to the needs of women, children and the elderly?
Number of women/men, girls/boys, young/old, poor/rich who are aware of climate change impacts and adaptation plans. A list of adaptation plans that include adequate resources for communities, with a particular focus on the needs of women, children and the elderly.
Gender-disaggregated data
For in-depth analysis, the initial step is to collect all the gender-disaggregated information that has been collected and organize the information into thematic areas. As shown in the examples below, organized gender-disaggregated data will be analyzed to come up with gender-sensitive indicators and gender perspectives that will be used by the program/project to identify appropriate interventions.
Gender-sensitive indicators
Gender perspective
On-the-spot analysis for each post-FGD of each tool can be done to fill gaps and check inconsistencies because the information is readily available. Gender-inclusive analysis based on established gender theories Women are underrepresented in EAFM training. The low participation of women in the meetings will not cause any negative consequences as they will benefit from fisheries management anyway.
Because women are also key stakeholders of fisheries resources, their low participation in any training is likely to result in less effective and unsustainable fisheries management.
Validation of information
Gender analysis is not complete until the results are disseminated among the program/project's intended stakeholders and intended recipients and decisions are made. It is important that both the program/project team and stakeholders aim to obtain relevant information. Valid and reliable gender analysis results should be used for efficient use of program/project resources and important decision-making.
Recipients
Presentation formats
Written
59 A case study does not offer solutions or answers, but is used to provide the facts necessary for discussions of solutions by stakeholders and government. Its purpose is to help outsiders who have never visited the community to understand the constraints and opportunities that exist there. The reader must imagine in his mind what the community is like, as well as the specific problems and issues that need to be addressed.
Multimedia
Community profile - a brief description of many different aspects of community life (ie physical features, fishing methods and gear, aquaculture systems, socio-economic structures, gender patterns and women's and men's needs and priorities). Voluntary guidelines for ensuring sustainable small-scale fishing in the context of food security and poverty reduction. Towards Gender Equality, Management and Development of Small-Scale Fisheries - A Handbook to Support the Implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Ensuring Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Alleviation.
Retrieved from https://www.seafdec-oceanspartnership.org/resource/assessing-fisheries-in-a-new-era- extended-guidance-for-rapid-appraisals-of-fisheries-management-systems/. Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (WOCAN) http://www.wocan.org/. Indonesian Women's Organization https://www.mamacash.org/en/seruni-serikat-perempuan- indonesia-indonesian-women-s-organization.
Philippine Commission on Women (PCW) https://www.pcw.gov.ph/. National Network of Women in Fisheries of the Philippines, Inc. WinFish) http://www.womeninfisheriesph.org. Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women (APSW) https://www.apsw-thailand.org.
Example of documentation sheet for focus group discussions
Example of questionnaire form for key informant interviews
