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CSPPS Policy Brief College of Public Affairs and Development (CPAf)
2023
Promotion and Distribution of Itik Pinas: A Solution to the Promotion and Distribution of Itik Pinas: A Solution to the Declining PH Duck Industry
Declining PH Duck Industry
Elmer Delen
College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños Cyrill Estimado
College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Follow this and additional works at: https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/cspps_policy_brief
Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, Animal Studies Commons, Public Administration Commons, Public Affairs Commons, and the Public Policy Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation
Delen, Elmer and Estimado, Cyrill, "Promotion and Distribution of Itik Pinas: A Solution to the Declining PH Duck Industry" (2023). CSPPS Policy Brief. 11.
https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/cspps_policy_brief/11
ISSN 2704 - 2928
Promotion and Distribution of Itik Pinas:
A Solution to the Declining PH Duck Industry
Written by Elmer Delen*, and Cyrill Estimado, *Master of Public Affairs Students, CPAf, UPLB CPAf 25th Anniversary Special Release | Issue No. 4 | 2023 | Agricultural Policy and Sustainabil-
CENTER FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING AND POLICY STUDIES
SPECIAL RELEASE POLICY BRIEF
OVERVIEW
The Philippines is considered as an agricultural country. However, the contribution of the agriculture, forestry and fisheries (AFF) sector in the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) consistently declined from 12.53% in 2009 to only 8.10% in 2018 (Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, 2012). In the second quarter of 2022, AFF only contributed to about 8.4% of the total
Contributory to the declining performance of the agricultural sector is the observed decreasing number of holdings/farms over the last three decades (Paunlagui et al, 2020). Most farmers, especially backyard farmers, raise livestock only for draft and family consumption. It also serves as their living banks wherein they raise and sell them in times of need. As reported in the 2016- 2020 Livestock and Poultry Statistics of the Philippines, the volume of livestock production
Carabao (from 144,685 metric tons to 120,410), Cattle (from 270,415 to 229,127), Goat (from 77,454 to 71,718), Hog (from 2,231,660 to 2,142,647) and Duck (32,216 to 29,548) production.
Having the lowest volume of production among livestock animals, this study focused on the Philippine duck industry. Duck, as compared to other poultry commodities such as chicken, can easily adapt to varying environmental conditions and are susceptible to infection and disease resilient. They can also grow well on locally and naturally available feeds and require less manpower to raise even in a facility even with limited resources. However, in spite of these competitiveness, there is still low duck and duck egg production in the Philippines (Chang & Dagaas, 2004).
According to the Duck Situation Report of PSA (2022), there is a negative annual growth rate for duck production from 2019-2021, that is, -2.3%, -1.8% and -1.5%, respectively. Similarly, the annual growth rate of duck egg production is also decreasing 8.7%, 4.4% and -8.6% from 2019-2021. About 90% of the duck eggs produced in the Philippines are utilized in the production of balut (embryonated eggs), penoy, and salted eggs. This means that the amount of duck eggs used to produce replacement stocks is relatively lower. As estimated by the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (2021), only less than 2% of eggs produced are utilized to produce ducklings, thus, affecting the productivity of the industry.
Figure 1. Medenilla, V. (2002). Itik PINAS: The Native Duck behind the Philippines’ Favorite Balut. https://mb.com.
ph/2022/05/05/itik-pinas-the-native-duck-behind-the- philippines-favorite-balut/
DUCK PRODUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES
According to the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-PCAARRD), the Philippine duck industry faces the challenges of high cost of inputs, fluctuating prices of
duck meat and egg products, inconsistent egg production performance, poor product
quality of native ducks and limited product innovations. Moreover, small-scale producers are limited by their lack of access to information on new technologies and innovation, markets, and support services that, under other
circumstances, may significantly increase productivity and income production (FFTC, 2007).
2018 10
20 30 40
0 2019 2020
Figure 2. Volume of Duck Production (in ‘000 mt, lighweight) in the Philippines from 2018-2020
(Source: Philippine Statistics Authority)
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0
2018 2019 2020
Figure 3. Annual Growth Rate of Duck Production in the Philippines from 2018-2020 (Source: Philippine Statistics
Authority)
ABOUT ITIK PINAS
One prominent technology developed in this industry is an improved Philippine Mallard duck breed called Itik Pinas (IP) which was initiated by DOST-PCAARRD, in cooperation with the Bureau of Animal Industry-National Swine and
Poultry Research and Development Center (BAI- NSPRDC). It has three strains - two of which are purelines known as IP-Itim and IP-Khaki and one commercial hybrid line, IP-Kayumanggi.
Figure 4. (From Left to Right) IP Itim, IP Khaki, and IP Kayumanggi,
DOST-PCAARRD.(2017). ITIK PINAS: Development, Promotion and Utilization in Building Rural Enterprises. http://www.
pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/portal/index.php/quick-information-dispatch/2970-itik-pinas-development-promotion-and- utilization-in-building-rural-enterprises
The advantages of the IP ducks over that of the traditional ducks include higher egg production (260 vs. 200 eggs/duck/per/year), 80% of eggs produced weigh 65 g or more, predictable egg production performance (57-70%) and high uniformity in body weight (1.1kg for female and
However, the result of the Delphi Study revealed that while Itik Pinas provides a number of advantages compared to traditional breeds, there is a low adoption among small-scale duck raisers as they still choose the traditional breeds for duck and egg production and distribution.
Observed low adoption of Itik Pinas was attributed to the following major factors: 1) Limited access and availability of Itik Pinas in strategic areas; 2) Limited distribution of Itik Pinas breeds; and 3) Lack of knowledge/
information on Itik Pinas.
Otherwise, the following barriers for small-scale duck raisers in adopting Itik Pinas were identified as 1) Lack of access to financial capital; 2)
Lack of animal housing and facilities; 3) Lack of market and limited knowledge on marketing;
and 4) Lack of access to information on new technologies.
“...while Itik Pinas provides a number of advantages compared to traditional breeds, there is a low adoption among small-scale duck raisers...”
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
The barriers can be addressed through providing government loans to prioritize the production of Itik, conduct of capacity building
RECOMMENDATIONS
With the highest score in the policy alternative analysis and highest net policy impact, the policy alternative on Promotion and Distribution of new duck breeds (Itik Pinas) to Small- scale Duck Raisers is being recommended.
Aside from continued promotion of Itik Pinas on social media channels, radio interviews, and information campaigns, DOST-PCAARRD may also initiate the localization of Itik Pinas by establishing ‘Itik Pinas Public Hatchery (IPPH)’ in strategic areas where small-scale duck raisers can visit to observe, study ,and experience first-hand the performance of Itik Pinas.
Ideally, the objectives of IPPH are the following, but not limited to:
• Serve as a local avenue to conduct information campaigns, education programs and capacity building activities such as trainings for duck raisers
• Provide an accessible hub for equipment distribution, assistance on technical know-how, and acquisition of seed fund for Itik Pinas propagation
• Distribute cost-efficient Itik Pinas breed for small-scale duck raisers
• Offer ‘loan’ or a certain amount to purchase Itik Pinas which can be returned after several years or subject to the agreement with the creditor.
activities on breeder farm management for training, education and promotion of Itik Pinas, establishment of ItikPINAS commercial multiplier farms and public hatchery in strategic regions, proliferation of innovative marketing strategies and studies, adoption of best practices in farming including housing, water, feeding, and waste management.
Thus, a policy on “Promotion and Distribution of Itik Pinas to Small-scaleDuck Raisers” is recommended. Aside from continued promotion of Itik Pinas on social media channels, radio interviews, and information campaigns, the Philippine government may also initiate the localization of Itik Pinas by establishing ‘Itik Pinas Public Hatchery (IPPH)’ in strategic areas where small-scale duck raisers can visit to observe, study ,and experience first-hand the performance of Itik Pinas.
CONCLUSIONS
Ducks are considered as one of the most versatile avian species that are of commercial significance because they can subsist under a wide range of climatic and nutritional conditions (Chang, et al. 2003). With the huge potential of native duck production as a source of food and sustainable income for small-scale duck raisers, developing a sustainable breeder production system is necessary.
With the right programs and policies from the government and private sectors, duck farming
has a lot of potential as a business for small- scale farmers. Improved duck breeds, such as Itik Pinas, will ensure a consistent and reliable breeder stock with competitive traits and predictable performance. Also, it will open opportunity for small-scale duck raisers to increase their production and reduce the cost of inputs. This would result to a productive and profitable duck industry, thus, contribute in achieving food security and poverty alleviation.
This policy brief is an output of Master of Public Affairs students of CPAf and is intended to promote policy relevant ideas among key decision makers. It has been internally reviewed, but not peer reviewed.
This special release is published by the Center for Strategic Planning and Policy Studies, in celebration of the 25th Founding Anniversary of the College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños.
For queries, suggestions, and more information, contact the CSPPS Editorial Team at:
Copyright © 2023. CSPPS. All rights reserved.
No part of this policy brief may be reproduced or used in any manner without written permission of the copyright owner or the authors.
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REFERENCES
Chang, H.S., Dagaas, C., Castro, N. & Ranola, R., Lambio, A. & Malabayabas, M. (2003 February). An overview of the Philippine duck industry. Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, 2003 Conference (47th), February 12-14, 2003, Fremantle, Australia.
Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https://ideas.repec.
org/p/ags/aare03/57842.html
Chang, H.S. & Dagaas, C. (2004 February). The Philippine Duck Industry: Issues and Research Needs. Retrieve October 26, 2022, from https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/23519485_The_Philippine_Duck_Industry_
Issues_and_Research_Needs
Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asia and Pacific Region. (23 March 2009). Improved Duck Production of Small-Scale Farmers in Asia.
FFTC Annual Report. https://www.fftc.org.tw/en/
publications/detail/1066
Parungao, A.R. (2017 July 03). ITIK PINAS: Development, Promotion and Utilization in Building Rural Enterprises.
Retrieved October 26, 2022 from http://www.
pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/portal/index.php/quick- information-dispatch/2970-itik-pinas-development- promotion-and-utilization-in-building-rural-enterprises Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022).Duck Situation
Report January-December 2021. https://psa.gov.ph/
sites/default/files/1_Duck%20Annual%20Situation%20 Report_ONSedits_v2_ONS-signed_1.pdf
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development. (n.d.) Duck Industry Profile. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https://ispweb.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/duck/
Lambio, A.L. (2000). Status, problems and prospect of the duck industry in the Philippines. https://agris.fao.org/
agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2002000895
