The status of the implementation of such instruments by the AMS is shown in Box 3. Lack of expertise at SEAFDEC on PSMA, to promote the promotion of the implementation of PSMA in the region.
Constraints and Issues in the
As a result, since it was found that FV.1 does not have a license to transport and land fishery products, so State C arrested FV.1 and confiscated all the fish products on board. In addition, it was found that FV.1 did not have sufficient safety equipment on board, so the maritime authorities of State C ordered the captain of FV.1 to install the necessary necessary equipment and tools on board. After the above legal applications, the authorities of State C officially reported the results of the inspection and all the operational treatments they gave FV.1 to State A as coastal State, State B as relevant State and to the Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) where State C is a member, so that they know about all the actions that have been done in FV.1.
In conclusion, the legal analysis and implications that can be drawn from this sample case depend on: the status of the states involved (flag, coastal, port or market state); the legal status for the PSMA of the respective states; being a party or not a party; Port State measures to combat IUU fishing; the provisions of the PSMA that must be respected by the respective states; diplomatic relations between all interested states; international and regional cooperation and coordination between interested states; and inclusion of the SDGs in the region.
Implementation of Port State Measures
Depending on legal considerations, restrictions regarding the implementation of the PSMA vary from national to regional level. At the national level, the checklist document suggests some initial considerations for implementing the PSMA when a state becomes a party. Review and compile national legislation and procedures related to the implementation of PSM, as well as the roles and responsibilities of flag, coastal and market states.
Meanwhile, the possible limitations in implementing the PSMA at the national level, especially when a state becomes a party to the PSMA, are summarized in Box 8.
Benefits of ratifying and implementing the PSMA
Identify the requirements for assistance, training and cooperation when a state becomes a party to the PSMA. Development of bilateral and/or regional mechanisms to implement port state measures in the region. Coordination with industry, bearing in mind that this will imply the implementation of port state measures and possible traceability schemes.
Adopt specific national laws and regulations to support the implementation of port state measures in its own district.
Conclusion and Recommendations
When used in combination with other tools, PSM can reduce the level of IUU fishing worldwide.
About the Author
Application of GIS and Remote Sensing
GIS and RS Technologies
Accordingly, technology using satellite or airborne sensor technologies, known as RS, is used to detect and classify objects on earth, including those on the surface and in the atmosphere and oceans, based on extended signals (eg electron radiation). Passive instruments are those used to detect natural energy emitted from. While active instruments are those that are used to illuminate the observed objects using the electromagnetic radiation they provide.
Application of GIS and RS in Fisheries
These examples could be used as a reference when conducting GIS-related research in the fisheries sector of the Southeast Asian region. The symposium discussed the latest developments in RS applications, the results of which could be used to improve the application of RS in fisheries and aquaculture research, and especially in the development of potential fishing zones (Stuart et al., 2011). Small pelagic fish such as sardines and anchovies are economically important species on the Mediterranean coast of Spain.
The absence of standard information on the marine resources of the island had hampered the management of the available marine resources.
Key Issues and Challenges
In pelagic fisheries, Saitoh (2011) also reported that there are two aspects in the operational application of the SRS, i.e. 1) for identifying PFZs based on the relationship between target species and environmental factors; and (2) for the development of management measures that in particular minimize the bycatch of aquatic endangered species. Nevertheless, after about two decades of using GIS for the spatial analysis of the fisheries resources, some progress has already been made, especially in temperate countries, but may not yet be in the Southeast Asian scenario due to the above challenges. Once these challenges are overcome, GIS will have achieved its significant use, especially in promoting the management of the fisheries resources in Southeast Asia.
In a review of relevant publications issued before 2000, Fisher (2007) noted that most publications were qualitative in nature and concerned jingle parameters, with a few dealing with multiple parameters, although there were some that used quantitative methods.
Way Forward
Monitoring the activities of fishing vessels at sea (currently mainly applied to commercial fishing vessels). Providing information on inland, coastal and marine fisheries resources of the region that will be matched with in situ data collection for further analysis. In addition, SEAFDEC has proposed a new project "Strengthening the Effective Management Scheme with GIS and Remote Sensing Technologies for Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture" which will also make use of the GIS and remote sensing technologies.
Report of the Ninth International Training Course on the Application of Remote Sensing to Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries.
About the Authors
Using Yield per Recruit Analysis to Determine Fish Stock Status
Yield per Recruit Analysis
After the fish grows larger and reaches a size at first catch (Lc) and an age at first catch (Tc), N will be affected by fishing pressure and the mortality of the fish will become Z (total mortality), which is equal is to M (natural mortality). mortality) + F (fish mortality), which causes the stock to decrease rapidly, also known as 'messe selection'. The result of the Y/R equation can be interpreted as the yield (measured in weight) per number of recruitments (recorded in numbers). The Y/R graph could be plotted as a curve showing the relationship between yield per recruit (y-axis) and fishing mortality (x-axis), as shown in Figure 2.
The study also confirmed that the increase in age at first catch is directly reflected with the peak of the Y/R graph and fishing mortality level as well.
Yield per Recruit Analysis of Beardless Barb (Anematichthys repasson (Bleeker,
Using specimens of beardless barb, the calculation for the length-at-age parameter showed 10.04 cm, which is slightly higher than the size at first maturity reported by Nuangsit and Chansri (2008), which was 10.02 cm (Table). The results showed that the total mortality of bearded stickleback was 1.88 per year, and the natural mortality at a surface temperature of 30 °C was 1.27 per year. In addition, the results also showed that the first-capture size of the bearded stickleback landed in Nam Oun Reservoir and the surrounding area was 10.04 cm, which is close to the previously observed first-maturity size for this species of 10 .02 cm.
Results of the Y/R Analysis show that the population of beardless barb in Nam Oun Reservoir is in a deep green zone (very good condition, TB/TBMSY = 3.98 and F/FMSY . = 0.21).
Other Uses of Yield per Recruit Analysis
Acknowledgement
But the step to translate scientific recommendations into practical change in fishing effort is often the most sensitive, especially from a decision-making perspective. Many countries around the world successfully use a legal tool called the Harvest Control Rule (HCR) to agree in advance how fishing effort should be adjusted to the size of fish stocks. The HCR is a short legal document that explains how fishing capacity or effort should be adjusted based on the results of a scientific assessment of fish stocks.
The target of MKV is often formulated to maximize fish production, which may indicate that, for example, fishing effort should be equal to the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) or that the biomass of a fish stock should reach x percent of the MSY by year y. .
Effort or Quota Regulation
The HCR may also include mechanisms to try to avoid large variations in effort or quotas allowed each time a new effort is decided and recommended. Fishermen may find it difficult to adjust to large fluctuations, which can have a negative impact on the market price.
The M.V. PLALUNG I of SEAFDEC serving as Model for Thai Trawlers
Work in Fishing Convention, 2007
In December 2014, Thailand adopted the Ministerial Regulation on the Protection of Workers in the Marine Fishing Sector under the Labor Protection Act B.E. Labor Protection and Welfare of the Ministry of Labour, and the ILO project on tripartite action to protect migrant workers within and from the Greater Mekong Sub-region from labor exploitation or the ILO GMS TRIANGLE I project (ILO, 2017).
Modification of the M.V. PALUNG I
The parties involved in the project expect that the design of typical trawlers operating in the waters of the Southeast Asian region should also be changed to ensure that the working conditions and safety at sea for fishermen and crew members of fishing vessels are significantly improved. Gap Analysis of the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188), and Thai national laws, regulations and other measures relating to working conditions on board fishing vessels. Kom Silapajarn is the Secretary General of SEAFDEC based at the SEAFDEC Secretariat in Bangkok, Thailand, and is concurrently Head of the SEAFDEC Training Department in Samut Prakan, Thailand.
Prior to this new assignment, he was the Chief of the Ship Division of the Training Department.
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
SEAFDEC currently consists of 11 member countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Sustainable management and development of fisheries and aquaculture contribute to food security, poverty reduction and people's livelihoods in the Southeast Asian region. Technology transfer and capacity building to increase the capacity of Member States to apply technologies and implement fisheries policies and management tools for the sustainable use of fisheries resources and aquaculture.
Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of regional fisheries policies and management frameworks adopted under the ASEAN-SEAFDEC cooperative mechanism, and emerging international fisheries-related issues including their impacts on fisheries, food security and socio-economics of the region.
