(Thr Itepuhltr LAUREL CREATES HOME GUARD

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YEAR I

(Thr Itepuhltr Ilf

MANILA, PHILIPPINES, MONDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1944

FiL.i

_ LIBRARY Jf

20 Centavos

No. 3

LAUREL CREATES HOME GUARD

Baguio Leads Way For Cities

Pines City Supplying Rice, Foodstuffs To People Regularly

Baguio, Oct. 29.—Overcoming all difficulties, Baguio affords its re

sidents probably the best attention and assistance known today among Philippine cities not excluding Manila.

Foodstuffs, the greatest and most important need of city popu

lations, are being brought to Ba

guio and sold to the public regu

larly and in any quantities. The city is peaceful, clean and bustling with activity and there is not the least indication that there is an emergency. The population has increased immensely during the last three months, yet the city ad

ministration does not show any signs of difficulties in providing all normal peace-time services.

This satisfactory situation has been brought about by an adminis

tration that has both energy and vision and by the active and dis

interested cooperation of promi

nent residents. For example, the city invested all its surplus funds in rice and even borrowed a large sum later frt>m the bank so as to be able to continue buying more -■' rThis in i .jstnn/nt. has been a tc/tm7 pCv/ie vZfto continue receiving rations until now. Be-1 sides, it has been a profitable busi-1 ness for both the city and the bank, i Still, even with all the funds at its command, the city could not have bought enough rice had it not been for the assistance of pro

minent citizens. The Lopez (Eu

genio) and Moreno (Mrs. Lopez’) families provided the rice, selling several thousand sacks of palay to the city at not more than ten pesos per sack. The city took care of picking up the rice in Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija. Other residents res

ponded in a similar way.

When Baguio residents were threatened with profiteering, the city went into the food supply bu

siness, organizing a procurement and a sales department which went into the market in direct competition with the profiteers.

To make the procurement effec

tive, the city has commandeered1 all trucks coming to Baguio. After

(Continued on page 2)

War Dead Will BeHonoredNov. a

Committee To Prepare Fitting Program Named By President

For the purpose of holding me

morial services on November 2, for the war dead interred at the Na

tional Cemetery at O’Donnel, Ca

pas, Tarlac, President Jose P.

Laurel last week created the Na

tional Memorial Service Committee headed by Arsenio Bonifacio, Vice- Minister of Home Affairs.

Under Administrative Order No.

29 which created the committee, the President charged this body to make all the necessary arrange

ments for the most appropriate way of commemorating the occa

sion by the observance of such ce

remonies as in its judgment may be fitting and proper. In view of the circumstances presently pre

vailing, the committee may hold memorial services in Manila in

stead of in Capas, Tarlac.

In addition to Vice-Minister Bo

nifacio, those composing the Com

mittee are Vice-Minister Ramon Macasaet, Vice-Chairman, and Directors Engracio Eabre, Simeon de Jesus, Francisca T. Benitez, and Segundo Infantado, Mrs. Josefa Jara Martinez, Mrs. Geronima T. | TeusJti, ■ MiSsT* flSTti Ueyes, *»nss Lourdes Alunan and Miss Julieta Ledesma, Members.

120,000 Nuts Distributed

Grateful Manilans bought coco

nuts at fifteen distributing sta

tions last week at P2 pesos each plus transportation and handling epenses which did not exceed P0.50 for each nut. The 120,000 coco

nuts distributed were procured by- the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

In connection with the distribu

tion, the people of Manila were requested to cooperate with the Ministry of Economic Affairs by denouncing anomalies such as fail-

Reconstruction Work

Undertaken By Republic

By GABINO TABUNAR, Jr.

Exactly a year ago today, the Filipinos achieved the long-cherish

ed dream of independence. After being bound by the shackles of western imperialism, after being oppressed by the Spaniards for a little move than three centuries, and after having been dominated by the Americans for 40 years, the Philippines was proclaimed an in

dependent nation by the champion of East Asia, the Empire of Japan.

On October 14, 1943, Japan lived true to her war aims to free the Orientals from western domination and establish Asia for the Asians by granting to the Filipinos the long-aspired-for dream of their heroes and martyrs—national free

dom. But the Filipinos then were still reeling from the ravages of war. The USAFFE had left in its wake burning towns, destroyed bridges, upheaved roads, sunken bottoms, thus rendering inpractic-

able the smooth interflow of food

stuffs.

What have the Filipinos done about it? The progress has been remarkable—remarkable in the fact that despite the world-wide conflict that still rages unabated and notwithstanding the hardships that are usually attendant to a globar war, the Filipinos, in the true spirit of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, shoulder-to-shoulder buck

led down to real hard work.

Experts who studied the living conditions of the people, especially in Manila, all agreed that one of ths determining factors for the success of the extensive food pro

duction campaign launched by the Government was transportation.

Accordingly, the Government set to work, first, on roads. Roads con

sidered as first-class and second- . (Continued on page 2)

151 Prisoners Pardoned

An additional list of 151 prison

ers pardoned by President Jose P.

Laurel on the occasion of the ob

servance of the first anniversary of the Republic was released by Malacanan last week. It may be recalled that President Laurel granted executive clemency to hun

dreds of prisoners on the eve of the anniversary celebration.

The additional list includes the following:

Leopoldo Baello, Francisco Ga- tus, Pablo Macaroyo, Melencio Ale

jo, Francisco Lopez, Emiliano Bal- maceda, Roberto Valdez, Julian Navarro, Romisio Lubag, Avelino Gomez, Generoso Austria, Gauden- cio Rio de Que, Carlos Ventura, Fe

derico Tabua, Sia Hiap Chin, Jorge"

Nalikat, Ignacio de la Cruz, Emilio Reyes, Jose C. San.'’.ago, Domingo Espina, Felipe de los Santos, Chua Tong, Francisco David, Alfonso Lopez, Antonio Atalla, Kong Lan y Sanr Cesar Santos, Francisco Luce ximo Quintos, Leodegirio Montero, Gaudencio Ormilla, Carlos Antolin, Jacobo Tuason, Matias Enaje, Lu

cio de los Santos, Silvino Cuyo y Quinsaat, Eduardo Guevarra, Ber

nardo Garcia y Imutan, Basilio Baquiran, Valentin Salinga y Tor

res, Mariano Celis y Devosa, Gre

gorio M. Ofima, Roberto Jocson, Marcos Galvez, Ricardo Dionisio, Emilio Nazario, Francisco Diaz, Alfredo Francisco, Manuel Gata- lan.

Andres Baguio, Maximo Cariaso, Pedro Olaes, Eustaquio Baguio, Benjamin Beley, Jose Caguerra, David Kahle, Elusipo Malate, Ful

gencio Legaspi, Fortunato de la Cruz, Alberto Miclat y Rotas, Meli- ton Reyes y Quiazon, Florencio de los, Santos, Ong Ka Yu Sun, Vicen

te 'Gatchalian, Graciano Dagdagan, Sui Chee, Atanacio Cullon, Cris- pulo Mardillijo, Nazario Senilia, Numeriano Gullon, Alfredo Idulsa, Froilan Carlos, Alfredo Encio, Car

los Canora, Marcelino Dumlao, Ri

cardo Simpao, Ernesto Renon, Er

nesto Tahod, Clemente Garcia, Her- mogenes Trinidad, Manuel de Leon, Pablo Tatualya, Enrique La- xica, Teodoro Madrid, Joaquin Ro

bles, Jose Camacho, Jose Rabacco, Hernando Villanueva, Pedro Telig, Jose Ortega, Domingo Sumalpong, Primitivo Lim, Buenaventura del Rosario, Nicanor Perez, Ponciano Alvarez, Ceferino Picadizo, Alfredo Umali, Antonio Mamaid, Carlos Cabral.

Amado Monayoc, Felipe Busta

mante, Ismael Bustamante, Daniel Hernandez, Rufino Urbano, Epita- cio Ligaya, Rizal Vicente Salvador

(Continued on page 2)

Pedrosa Back From Nippon

Vice-Minister of Finance Pio Pedrosa, director of the Budget and Accounts, returned to Manila Thursday afternoon after having successfully accomplished the mis

sion entrusted to him by President Jose P. Laurel.

Vice-Minister Pedrosa was sent to Japan by the President a few weeks ago in connection with the loan of P200,000,000 granted to the Republic by the Imperial Govern

ment of Japan.

President Vests Organization With Police Powers, Authority

Auxiliary Police Body To Help Constabulary, Other Agencies Keep Peace And Order In All Provinces And Chartered Cities

An

auxiliary

police

force to help

maintainpeaceand orderthroughoutthe

country

has

been created in every province and

charteredcity

by President Jose

P. Laurelin Ordinance

No. 41,

promulgated last

October 24. The

or

ganization will be underthe

direct

supervision

and

control

of

the Military Governor or

Deputy

Governor

and

will

as

sistthe

Philippine Constabulary and

other

law-enforcing agencies of the Republic

in

a

more effective

enforcement of law and order.

Officers and men of the Home;

Guard have the powers and author-j ity of peace officers, are appointive, and their command, number, arms, { emoluments, rights to awards fori meritorious and extraordinary service and to relief and condolence privileges will be determined by the Military Governor or Deputy Governor concerned, subject to the approval of the Minister of Home Affairs.

The Ordinance creating the au

xiliary policy body follows in full:

ORDINANCE NO. 41, CREAT

ING AN AUXILIARY PO

LICE ORGANIZATION TO BE KNOWN AS THE HOME GUARD.

There being jin urgent necessity throughout the^ountry during the present emergency, and by virtue of the powers conferred upon me by the Constitution and existing laws of the Philippines, I, JOSE P. LAUREL, President of the Re

public of the Philippines, do here

by order:

Section 1. There is hereby creat

ed an auxiliary police organization in every province and chartered city to be known as the Home Guard, under the direction, super-’

vision, and control of the Military Governor or Deputy Governor con

cerned, to assist the Philippine Constabulary and other law-en

forcement agencies in the mainten

ance of peace and order. The of

ficers and men of the Home Guard shall have the powers and author

ity of peace officers.

Sec. 2. The officers and men of the Home Guard shall be appointed-

and their command, number, arms, emoluments, rights to awards for meritorious and extraordinary service and to relief and condolence

Sison Issues

In his capacity as Chief Dele

gate of the President and Inspec

tor General of Martial Law, Minis

ter of Home Affairs Teofilo Sison , issued last Friday a warning to ' thv ”itii existing laws punish acts inimical to the safety and (security of the country, including the spreading of subversive propa

ganda and rumors about the wai tending to cause misunderstanding and disturb peace and order.

This warning was sent to the Military Governor of Manila and to all the deputy military gover

nors of the country for the guid

ance of all concerned.

The warning reads as follows:

“Existing laws punish acts ini

mical to the safety and security of the country, including the spreading of subversive propagan

da and rumors about the war tend

ing to cause misunderstanding and disturb peace and order. Every

body, especially third party natio

nals, is hereby warned to refrain from committing such acts, other

wise he shall be dealt with severely in accordance with martial law.’’

Research On Nutrition Gains | Headway, Dr. Sison 1 Reports

The researches of scientists of i the Board of Nutritional Research have gained considerable headway i since the creation of the Board J shortly after the establishment of 1 the Republic, Chairman A. G. Si- j son of the Board stated in a recent I report submitted to the President. I The nutrition body, according to its chairman, has not only recom- I mended measures for the preven- j tion of deficiency diseases but has |

%lso undertaken researches and j produced medicines for the proper I treatment of those already suffer- ! ing from vitamin deficiencies.

In cooperation with the Institute of Hygiene, vitamin-A oil was produced in large quantities and distributed to those afflicted with dietary ailments. Vitamin D was also produced. The first batch of vitamin A produced contained 4,000 International Units of vita

min A per gram. Subsequent pro

ducts contained 12,000, 24,000, and 32,000 International Units ‘per gram, respectively. The latest improved vitamin A product being I manufactured and distributed has a potency of 64,000 International I Units per gram.

Another important discovery of the Board of Nutritional Research is a crystalline grayish substance now used in the treatment of hookworm and tapeworm infes

tations in man. Technical men of the Board have also succeeded in extracting vitamins A and B from grass and medicinal alcohol from the fruits of acacia trees.

Scientists of the Board have un

dertaken research projects and in

vestigations jn cooperation with the institute of Hygiene. Die

taries have been prepared that

| would meet the minimum nutri

tional requirements of the low- income groups of the population.

The Board has collected basic i nutritional data which will be re- , leased for the benefit of the public in due time. Jointly with the In

stitute of Hygiene, the Board of Nutritional Research is today man

ufacturing anti-amcebic dysentery drug.

The nutrition research board is young and has great possibilities, Chairman A. G. Sison stated in his report. Given time, he believes that the board would be able to do what the people expect of it.

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Page 2 THE REPUBLIC: MONDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1944

IM 25 Pass

Pharmacist Examinations

Josefina H. Abreu Tops List—Quiat Is Close Second

Twenty-five candidates passed the theoretical and practical exa

minations given last July by the Board of Pharmaceutical Exami

ners. The list of new pharmacists was topped by Josefina H. Abreu with an average of 91.79 for the theoretical examination and 93.8 for the practical examination. A close second was Luz Quiat whose averages were 91.52 and 93.1 for the theoretical and practical exam

inations, respectively.

The list of successful candidates as released by the Malacanan Board of Information is as follows:

1. Josefina H. Abreu 2. Luz Quiat 3. Eurosina B. Ramoso 4. Amparo C. de Luna 5. Felisa L. Caro 6. Jovita R. Sumulong 7. Caridad Martinez 8. Mercedes H. Fernandez 9. Ilaw S. Eusebio 10. Tabita I. Ramos 11. Victoria D. Ante 12. Piedad Ma. Cruz 13. Maria B. Canciller 14. Aurelia M. Aro 15. Mercedes Manalo 16. Angela S. Bangoy 17. Beatriz Apostol-Picar 18. Rosita G. Flores - 19. Perfecta N. Tanalega-Ray-

mundo

20. Remedios Ubaldo-Campana 21. Esperanza R .Yusi 22. Pureza L. Zapanta 23. Gracia Beldia 24. Benito S. Manansala 25. Gerarda Ma. Chupoco

Appointments Are Announced

Presidential appointments announced last week by MalacananI were as follows:

Pedro G. Albano, acting deputy military governor of Ilocos Norte, to succeed ex-Governor Modesto M.

Farolan who resigned to become the manager and editor of “The Republic”;

Vicente A. Arguelles, Solicitor, Bureau of Public Prosecution;

Bartolome de Vera, acting muni

cipal mayor of San Mateo, Rizal;

Luis Floresca, justice of the peace for Piddig and Solsona, Ilo

cos Norte; and

Herminio J. Villanueva, justice of the peace for San Marcelino, Castillejos and Subic, Zambales.

Baguio . . .

(Continued from page 1) several trips, according to agree

ment with the owners, the trucks are returned.

The Imperial Japanese Forces have done everything to help keep Baguio the model city that it has always been and has lent the city administration its full cooperation.

The Military Governor of District No. 2, Justice Dionisio de Leon, is also backing the city administra

tion to the full.

151 Prisoners...

(Continued from page 1) Blanquera, Benjamin Santo Domin

go, Francisco Ignacio, Flaviano de la Torre, Ramon Abad, Angel Bo

nifacio, King Hiam Yao, Ang Kiam, Ho Kiam, Ang Lee, Chua Chia, Go Hoc, Chua Pac, Andres Robles, Lorenza Jimena, Feliciana de Guzman, Angela Gomez, Mar

garita Manangan, Marcelina Gar

cia, Maria Luz, Marciana Torres, Remigia de la Vega, Virginia Mer

cado, Caridad de la Cruz, Trinidad Arizabal, Lucia Dibantes, Maria de la Rosa, Elisa Dizon, Raymundo Santiago, Avelino Iglesias, Paterno Galano, Angel Perez, Jose Lopez, Rodrigo Santos, Dee Ching Ting, Cipriano Ebionga, Simeon Partozaj Herman Geronio, Sy Tiong, Alber

to Castro, Felipe Alagar, Mateo Bernardino, Jose Aveleta, and Ma

riano Arriola.

I

Pres. Vests...

(Continued from page 1) j privileges determined by the Mil-1

itary Governor or Deputy Gov-

‘ ernor concerned, subject to the ap- J i proval of the Minister of Home Af- j fairs as Chief Delegate of the Pres

ident and Inspector-General under the Martial Law. The designs of I the necessary insignias shall be uniform throughout the Philippines j and shall be determined by the Commanding General of the Phil- ippine Constabulary, subject to the same approval. In the City of;

Manila, the necessary insignias shall be determined by the Military I Governor, subject, likewise, to the

• same approval.

• Sec. 3. The Minister of Home Affairs, as Chief Delegate of the i President and Inspector-General i under the Martial Law, is hereby

■ authorized to issue such rules and

! regulations as may be necessary . with a view to the immediate or-

■ ganization herein created.

Sec. 4. All laws, orders, ordin-

■ ances, or parts thereof inconsist

ent herewith, are hereby repealed . or modified accordingly.

Sec. 5. This Ordinance shall take effect immediately upon its pro

mulgation.

Done in the City of Manila, this 24th day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty-four, and of the Republic of the Philippines, the second.

JOSE P. LAUREL President of the Republic

of the Philippines

120,000 Nuts...

(Continued from page 1) ure on the part of MCCA mana

gers to distribute the whole allot

ment or the charging of excessive prices. The complaints, it was an

nounced, could be sent either di

rectly to the Public Relations Office of the President in Malacanan or through the suggestion boxes lo

cated at strategic places in Manila.

The coconuts for distribution were allotted to 15 distributing stations, as follows:

District Station No. 1. 1435 Ver

mont, Paco—MCCA No. 2. MCCA’s under this station are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. (Man

ager in charge—Mrs. Consolation

SyqutJ). e - ■ - -

District Station No. 2. 1351 Gen. Luna, Ermita—MCCA No. 17.

MCCA’s under this station are: 8, 9, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25. (Manager in charge—Mr.

Juan P. Juan).

District Station No. 3. 61 Por- venir, Pasay—MCCA No. 164.

MCCA’s under this station are:

155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, and 164. (Manager in charge—Mr. Jesus Aguirrochoa).

District Station No. 4. 139 P.

Villanueva, Pasay—MCCA No. 151.

148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 165, 166, and 167. (Manager in charge—Mr. Pacifico Niguidula).

District Station No 5. 197 Cal

deron, Sta. Ana—MCCA No. 26.

MCCA’s under this station are: 27, 28, 29, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, and 147. (Manager in charge

—Mrs. Ana L. Syyap).

District Station No. 6. 641 Paz, Paco—MCCA No. 34. MCCA’s un

der this station are: 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39. (Manager in charge—Mr. Miguel Santos).

District Station No. 7. 12 Sto.

Toribio, San Juan—MCCA No. 137.

120, 121, 122, 134, 135, 136, 138, and 139. (Manager in charge—

Fortunato Cascante).

District Station No. 8. 601 M.

de Santos, San Nicolas—MCCA No. 64. MCCA’s under this sta

tion are: 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, and 66. (Manager in charge—Mr. Macario V. Linsao).

District Station No. 9. 1301 Sande, Tondo—MCCA No. 69.

MCCA’s under this station are 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 and 72. (Manager in charge—Mr.

Simplicio Santos).

District Station No. 10. 321 Ta- yuman, Sta. Cruz—MCCA No. 52.

MCCA’s under this station are: 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54 and 81. (Manager in charge Mr. Lo

renzo: Cruz).

District Station No. 11. 423 A.

Mabini, Caloocan—MCCA No. 123.

124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132 and 133. (Manager in charge—Mr. Juan Cunanan).

District Station No. 12. 340 R.

Hidalgo, Quiapo—MCCA No. 75.

MCCA’s under this station are: 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86, 87, 88, 92 and 93. (Manager in charge—Mr. Ar- senio Tiangco).

District Station No. 13. Corner Requesens and Misericordia, Sta.

Cruz—MCCA No. 91. MCCA’s

under this station are: 55, 80, 82,1 charge—Mr. Mariano Lichauco.)

20,000 Kilos of Dried Fish Sold Thru Eighty MCCA’s

Dental 'Test Results Out

The Ministry of Economic Af-1 fairs sold 20,000 kilos of dried fish to the people of Manila last week, . thru the MCCA’s at 4*35.00 a kilo. i i The sale was limited to 1 kilo for | each head of family. : | In accordance with the arrange- ! ments effected by the Ministry of | Economic Affairs, the 20,000 kilos I' were sold thru 80 MCCA’s, to 80,449 heads of families. The name | of each buyer was recorded and , ready for inspection at any time by I the Bureau of Investigation agents - and food inspectors.

In this connection the Ministry issued the following statement: j

“Untold efforts have been exerted ‘ by the Ministry of Economic Af- j fairs, with the cooperation of the j Military authorities, and the NA- ; DISCO, to provide the population I

of Manila with the above quantity 1 of dried fish at reasonable prices. I All this has been done by the gov- 1 ernment for the benefit of the pub- : lie and not of any individual or I group of individuals. The public 1 is urged to denounce any ano- mally that may come to their | knowledge for the punishment of the guilty party.”

The Ministry also stated that;

cassava flour, camote and coconuts ■ would be available last week at■

~ reasonable prices. Vigilance and cooperation in connection with the distribution thereof was requested.

The government may be greatly handicapped in its desire to serve the greatest number of people un

less whole-hearted cooperation is accorded by the beneficiaries them-

■ selves.

Reconstruction...

(Continued from page 1) class were maintained and made I available throughout the period.

Improvements were undertaken on a few important sections of the Manila-North, Manila-South, and Cagayan Valley roads. The Mang- kayan-Cervantes road in Ilocos Sui' was completed.

Realizing the importance of im

proving the Manila-South road, the Government initiated a plan to start construction work on the Si- pocot-Pamplona road in Camarines Sur. The completion of this pro

ject will avoid the necessity of crossing the Bicol river and thus shorten the route. The road tra

versing the heart of Mindanao from Cagayan, in Oriental Misa- mis, to the City of pavao, passing through Bukidnon, has been opened to traffic.

Merchants who passed from one province to another two years ago had to detour whenever they reached a bridge, for most of the bridges at that time had either I been blown up or partly damaged, rendering them useless to traffic.

Today those same bridges have been either i reconstructed or are As a proof of this commendable accomplishment on the part of the Government, seven permanent bridges, situated in Batangas, Pan- gasinan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna and Tayabas, with an aggregate span of 1,120 lineal feet were recon

structed. At present, the officials concerned are laying out plans for the construction of 14 permanent and six semi-permanent bridges.

Several port works have also been perfected by the Government.

The Heiwa seawall in Manila was repaired. The ports of Jolo (Su

lu), Legaspi (Albay), Gaang (Ilo

cos Norte), Mauban (Tayabas), Sorsogon (Sorsogon), and Iligan (Lanao) were also repaired. A concrete pier in Batangas was con

structed while the timber pier in San Fernando, La Union, was're

constructed. Plans are being taken for the extension of the Ma

nila North Harbor and for the pro

nosed marginal wharf at Davao city. In this way, the perfection of the Island’s port facilities will immeasurably conribute to the realization of the Republic’s plan of an efficient inter-island ship

ping.

Our merchant marine, before the outbreak of the current war, was not truly emphasized and encour

aged by the former .regime, al

though it knew and realized the importance of inter-island shipping for the well-being of the Filipinos.

A country like the Philipines needs the services of inter-island ships.

that will contribute to the healthy economic development of the Repu

blic. This fact the Philippine Gov

ernment realized, and sure enough, on June 3, 1943, the first inter

island vessel to be constructed in the Philippines was launched, fol

lowed by many others. Private en

terprises organized themselves to avoid ruinous competition and put

Corpus Greeted On Birthday

Judge Rafael Corpus, member of the council of state, was the re

cipient of many congratulations upon the anniversary of his birth

day last October 24. Leading the well-wishers of the elder statesman was President Laurel who sent to Judge Corpus the following letter:

“My Dear Mr. Corpus,

“I wish to join the members of your family and your many friends in wishing you much happiness and in celebrating this day so memor

able to you and to all of us. I do so, not only because of the friend

ship that.binds us, but also for a still higher motive: for the privi

lege of having you on my side, to-

■gether with other worthy compa

triots, amidst the vicissitudes and, I sacrifices that necessarily face all those complying with their duties j as Filipinos and towards our peo

ple during these moments of su

preme trial. Your example is like a mirror vfpon-which all of our | countrymen should look at them

selves.

“Very sincerely yours,

“(Sgd.) Jose P. Laurel President Republic of the Philippines”

83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 108, 109 and 112.

(Manager in charge—Mr. Maximo de Guzman).

District Station No. 14- 69 Ale

jandro VI, Sampaloc—MCCA No.

101. MCCA’s under this station are: 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104 and 105. (Manager in charge—Mr. Tomas Gomez).

District Station No. 15. 7 Kan- laon, Balintawak—MCCA No. 116.

106, 107, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118 and 119. (Manager in

into service a fleet of ships made wholly of Philippine woods and manned by Japanese-trained Fili

pino mariners. These ships at present ply between Manila and the southern ports, thus insuring the supply of commodities which are much-needed in the south and vice versa. Sailboats or bancas (native boats) also carry foodstuffs from one coastal town to another.

Before the current war, the Phil

ippines had been importing large quantities of rice from Saigon and other parts of East Asia. It cost the Philippines exactly P2,452,541 annually to import the cereal.

During the last two years, the Philippines has been almost solely dependent upon its local rice out

put as well as other foodstuffs.

In this connection the Government1 has planned the construction of 22 new irrigation projects to serve 10,000 hectares of land in the prov

inces of Luzon and thus augment the national food production in

crease campaign. In the early part of this year, 18 irrigation pro

jects, to serve 8,500 hectares, were started and at present four are I serving 2,000 hectares in the prov

inces of Ilocos Norte, Zambales, Nueva Ecija and Tayabas. The operation of 12 Government-owned irrigation systems serving 84,000 hectares was geared in line with the Government’s program of in

creased food production.

Simultaneously, the planting of rice substitutes such as camote, cassava, mongo, and corn was en-

| couraged to a greater extent in j the areas within the scope of these systems. Highly encouraged by the Government, farmers have built communal irrigation systems with a view so serving more land and to enable themselves to har

vest more crops. Under the guid

ance of Government experts, these farmers have taken advantage of 1 the technical assistance extended them as well as of the loan of con- j struction tools and materials.

Two years ago, endless screams of homeless people with bag and | baggage trekking and migrating to ’ barrios, towns or provinces, and

Ten candidates successfully pass

ed the dentist examination given last June by the Board of Dental Examiners. The list of successful examinees, jvhich was released by Malacanan, Saturday, was topped by Esmeralda de los Santos with an average of 83.25 per cent and 79.68 per cent for the theoretical arid practical examinations, respec

tively. Second in the list is Luisa de los Santos. Guillermo F. Ju

liano placed third.

The list of new dentists follows:

1. Esmeralda de los Santos 2. Luisa de los Santos 3. Guillermo F. Juliano 4. Generoso N. Montellano 5. Fiorentina M. Clemente-

Romero 6. Lydia O. Llamas-Reyes 7. Alfeo M. Garcia 8. Buenaventura S. Savella 9. Lutgardo del Rosario 10. Juanito V. Santiago

even to mountains, were common scenes in the Philippines. For when the smoke of battle had cleared, countless towns and cities lay devastated, devoured by fire.

The task of reconstruction was in

deed an arduous one. Losing no time, the Government immediately prepared and placed development plans in the hands of qualified pro

vincial engineers.

Probably one of the most out

standing accomplishments of the Government in the redevelopment of destroyed towns and cities is the

“rejuvenation” of the metropolis of Cebu. This commercial city of the Visayas was converted into smoking ruins with half of the city swept by fire. Undaunted by this disaster, the Government, the Im

perial Japanese Army and the peo

ple of Cebu worked hand in hand to resurrect the city from its bat

tle-scarred ruins to a thriving nor

malcy. Business houses, schools and colleges have reopened. The people are actively .engaged in food production. Although few motor vehicles are seen in the streets of the city, the inflow and outflow of essential foodsTOff^ go-<5n~WU6tffly by means of bull-carts and horse- drawn vehicles which are highly suggestive of Filipino initiative and of the practical Oriental mind.

In the city of Manila, the nerve center of the Philippines, is pro

bably where the exigencies of the war are most felt. Burdened by the multiple population that it did not previously have, the city na

turally had to tackle various prob

lems that usually confront a me

tropolis when it is peopled by an exceedingly large number.

The main task which the Gov

ernment was confronted with was the problem of feeding the people.

Foodstuffs from the provinces could be readily had, but the means of conveyance was inadequate, mak

ing the skyrocketing of commodity prices inevitable. Experts who made a careful study of the situa

tion readily concluded that the ab

normal rise of the prices was not due to the scarcity of foodstuffs, but to the difficulty of transporta

tion from places where commodi

ties were abundant to areas where they were much needed. As a re

sult, countless measures have been introduced to ameliorate the living conditions of the people. One of these is the organization of the Land and Maritime Transportation Company (LAMATRA), the sole purpose of which is to transport foodstuffs from the provinces to Manila.

The reconstruction work in the Philippines during the past year since the acquirement of indepen

dence has been remarkable, indeed, forming an epic chapter in the his

tory of the war. It is the story of a heroic people, who, inspired by freedom which had been denied them so long, boldly and bravely laid the foundation, for the rebirth of a glorious new nation. But to

day, with the war having grown in intensity, the spectacular accom

plishments of Filipinos, 18,000,000 strong, are being threatened.

With its very foundation as a sovereign state threatened, the Philippines, on September 23, de

clared war on the United States of America and Great Britain. The terror and devastation of modern warfare once again faces the Phil

ippines; but the people of the young but courageous Republic are deter

mined to face the w’ar with the same faith and energy they displayed in the gigantic task of reconstructing their nation.—Domei News Agency.

(3)

P1TAK NG WIKANG RAMBANSA

HANAPIN ANO KALIGTASAN—Laurel

Ang Naganap Sa Leyte Na Pagkakaahon

Ang pagkakaahon ng mga ameri- kano sa Leyte na ayon sa mga ba- litang napalathala na’y naganap noong ika-20 ng kasalukuyan ay isang pangyayaring nagpapahiwa- tig sa atin na ang larangan ng digma ay umabot na sa lupaing pilipino. Bagaman ang mga nag- siahon, ayon din sa mga balita, ay napipipilan ng mga kawal ng huk- bong hapones na nagtatanggol sa Kapuluan, ay maaaring mangyari na ang saklaw ng larangan ng digma dito sa atin ay maging ma- liit o maging malawak, alinsunod sa kalalabasan ng panagpuan ng dalawang lakas. Samantala, tayo’y nasa isang kalagayang napa- kaselan, at dahil diyan ay nararapat na sundin natin ang ipinapayo ng mga patnugot ng ating Repu

blika, na, bawa’t isa sa mga mamamayan ay gumamit ng kahinahu- nang-loob, mamayapa sa sariling tahanan at huwag padala sa lihis na mga sabihanan. Anumang lis- yang kilusan o bahagyang pagka- kamali sa panig ng mga mamamayan ay maaaring magbunga ng kapanganyayaan ng makapal na bilang ng mga tao.

Ang lalong pinaka-magaling na magagawa ng bawat isa sa atin ay italaga ang kalooban sa anumang mangyayari, manahimik at harapin ang sari-sariling kabuhayan;

ngunit sa ibabaw ng lahat, ang kailangan ay ang lubos na pagtu- long sa lalong ikapananatili at ikapagtatagumpay ng ating Repu- blikang n'agsasarili sa ilalim ng . p am am a t n u got ng Kanyang Kada- kilaang Jose P. Laurel, karapat- dapat na Pangulo ng ating mina- mahal na Kapuluang Pilipinas.

Paggunita Sa Mga Kawal Na Nalibing Sa Kapas

Sa ilalim ng pangungulo ng pa- ngalawang kagawad-bansang Ar- senio Bonifacio, ang Pangulong Laurel, ay bumuo ng isang lupon na siyang mangangasiwa sa pagpaparangal at paggunita sa mga kawal na pilipinong nangamatay at nangalibing sa Kapas, Tarlak.

Ang pagpaparangal at paggunita ay gagawin sa unang araw ng buwang papasok na siyang kaara

wan ng mga patay.

PINIGIL MUNA ANG PAGTUNGO SA

MGA LIBINGAN

Dahil sa kaselanan ng panahon na halos araw-araw ay may inihu- hudyat na panganib sa pagsalakay buhat sa itaas, at upang mapanga- lagaan ang buhay at kapanatagan ng mga mamamayan, ay ipinasiya ng gobernador militar Guinto ng Maynila ang pagpigil sa pagtungo sa mga libingan na pinagkaugali- ang gawin ng mga mamamayan tuwing dumarating ang unang araw ng Nobyembre.

PAGUNITA SA TAUMBAYAN

Sa pamamagitan ng pitak na ito ng Ang Republika ay ulit-ulit na ipinagugunita sa mga mamamayan ang pagtatanim ng mga halamang madaling mapag-anihan ng mga pagkaing sukat maipanghalili sa pangunang kailangang bigas. Ang panawagang ito ay matagal nang ginawa at ngayo’y inuulit lamang upang huwag makaligtaan, lalung- lalo na noong mga taong may sari

ling mga bakurang sukat mapag- tamnan.

Nakahanda Ang Pangulo Sa Ang MgaBigas Anumang Mangyayari NaNasamsam

Ganyan Ang Inihudyat Sa Bayan’JNoong Kaarawan Ng Republika

ngalan ng ating bayan. Lagi nang sinisikap ng Republika, at patuloy na sisikapin niya, na sa kanyang paghawak ng mga lakas ng ka- pangyarihan, maging sa mga suliraning panloob o sa kanyang pa- kikipagpalagayan sa ibang bansa, na maging lubos na malaya sa mga di-kailangang pagpipigil, o sa di- kanais-nais, bagama’t may mabu

ting layon, na panghihimasok o pamamagitan ng kanyang mga kaibigang dayuhan. Sapagka’t, sa anu’t anuman, tanging ang ganap na kalayaan sa panghihimasok o pamamagitan ng mga dayuhan ang siyang makapagbibigay sa atin ng kakayahang maisakatuparan ang ating kapalaran. Ang byang pili-' pine ay magiging maligaya lamang nang palagian kung pababayaang mamuhay na mag-isa sa sariling landas ng buhay at umunlad nang naaalinsunod sa kanilang mga li-.

kas na kakanyahan at maging sa kanilang mga kakaibang kata- ngian.

Tayong lahat ay nagkakasundo sa isang paksa: ang kaligtasan ng ating bayan, ang katotohanan ng ating kasarinlan at ang pagpapa- natili sa isang Republika ng mga pilipino, inuugitan ng mga pilipino at tanging-tanging sa mga pilipino lamang. Sa loob ng natatakdaang kakayahan sa kasalukuyan, ay ma- siglang itinataguyod ng Pamaha

laan ng Republika ang isang tiyak at manapa’y maraihing-panig na palatuntunan upang maisagawa ang pangunang layuning ito. Ang unang hakbang ay ang pagbubu- klod sa lahat ng mga buhay na lakas ng bansa—ang lahat ng mga bahagi at mahahalagang bagay na taglay ng ating bayan at ng ating kasaysayan—upang ang lahat ng mga pilipino, lalaki, babai at bata ay magtaguyod sa Republika. Ipi- nangangaral natin ang simulain ng pagkakaisa sapagka’t kung tayo’y naglalaaiban-laban • ay hindi tayo makararating nang malayo kailan- man, nguni’t kung nagkakaisa at nagmamahal sa kapwa ay walang balakid na di natin malalakdawan, walang mithiing hindi natin masa- sapit.

Walang humpay na ipinagugunita natin sa ating mga kababayan ang maluluwalhating kabanata sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas—ang pag- hamon ni Lapulapu, ang kabayani- han ni Del Pilar, ang paghihimag- sik ni Bonifacio, ang pagka-martir ni Rizal—upang gisinging pamuli ang isang nag-aapoy na pag-ibig sa lupang tinubuan na siyang mag- lalatang sa ating mga puso upang yao’y di na madalaw ng mga ha- mak na pagkakainggitan at ng mga damdaming makapangkat, ng ka- sakiman at ng pag-iimbot, ng kala- singan at mga di-banal na pagna

nais makapaghiganti.

Ating inaalis unti-unti ang du- Itong sumusunod ay siyang bu

ong talumpati ng Pangulong Jose P. Laurel noong kaarawan ng Re

publika ng Pilipinas:

Buhat nang itatag ang ating Re

publika ay pinagsikapan kong ma

tamo, para sa ating pamahalaan, ang malayang paghawak ng mga katutubong lakas ng kapangyari- han, at para sa ating mga kaba

bayan, ang kapanatagan at kasi- yahang tuwi na’y kanilang inasam- asam na magiging mga unang biyaya, sa anu’t anuman, ng kasa

rinlan.

Naging mahalaga na ipakilala ang mga karapatan ng bagong pa

mahalaan, sa kabila ng katangi- tanging kalagayan ng Pilipinas bilang larangang maaaring pagda- usan ng mga kilusang panghukbo, sapagka’t ang gawain sa pagpa- panibagong-tatag at pagpapani- bagong-buhay ay kailangang-kailangan kung kaya di maaaring ipag- hintay sa pagwawakas ng digmaan bago magtangkang magpairal ng mga pansimulang pagbabago sa kapamayanan, kabuhayan at lipu- nan. Ang suliraning kinaharap ng bansa ay ang kaligtasan o ang pagkaparam ng lahi.

Hindi maiiwasan na samantalang ang Republika ng Pilipinas ay nag- pasimula sa pagbabanghay ng mga masaklaw na balangkas ng bina- balak na pagbabago, ay pinatnu- bayan at pinasigla yaon ng mga, iniaatas ng tunay at Wakilang pag- ibig sa bayang pilipino. Bagama’t nag-uukol ng matiyagang pansin sa maaaring idulot sa atin ng ibang bayan bilang halimbawa o patnu- bay, tayo’y napilitang tumarok nang malalim sa ating sariling kasaysayan at sa ating mga puso upang magkaroon ng makabulu- hang pampasigla, sapagkat batid natin, sa wakas—at ito’y sina’sabi natin nang may malinis na kaloo

ban at pagtanaw ng utang na loob—na walang dayuhang maka- pagmamahal sa mga pilijnno nang higit kaysa mga pilipino sa kani

lang kapwa pilipino. Tayo na rin ang dapat humanap ng ating sari

ling kaligtasan.

Ang Pamahalaan ng Republika ay laging nagpapahalaga sa mga bansag na katotohanan; yao’y ma- rangal na naninindigan sa mga taimtim na pakikipagkasundo at pakikipag-unawaan sa Pamahala- ang Imperyal ng Hapon ukol sa maraming mahahalagang bagay na may kinalaman sa matagumpay na pagtataguyod sa Digmaan sa La

long Malaking Silangang Asya;

Nang ang lupaing pilipino ay sala- kayin, natutumpak at nararapat na tayo’y tumupad hindi lamang sa , mga tadhana ng ating Kasunduan sa Pakikipagtulungan kundi ma- nindigan din sa ating katutubong tungkulin at karapatan na ipag- tanggol ang kasarinlan at kara-

Upang Maiwasan Ang Kapaha makan Kung May “ Raid”

Sa kung ilang pananalakay na ginawa buhat sa papawirin na nasaksihan natin ng ilang araw na nakalipas ay maraming mga kasakunaan at kapahamakan nang- yari dahil sa kawalan ng karam- patang pag-iingat ng mga tao.

Inaakala nitong Ang Republika na lubhang napapanahong ipagunita sa mga mamamayan ang mga ku- ro’t palagay, gayundin naman ang mga tagubilin ng mga dalubhasa ukol sa bagay na iyan, kung duma

rating ang mga sandaling may

■ “raid” at may “bomba”.

Alinsunod sa nasabing mga da

lubhasa ay 95 por ciento ang kaligtasan ng mga taong nangakadapa 1 sa mga pook na kubli. Ang kalig-

ming nakakapit sa ating mga asal- i Kristiyano upang mapanumbalik 1 ang busilak na kagandahan at la- <

kas ng.isang relihiyong nanganga- i ral ng kawalang-imbot at pag-ibig i

sa lahat. ;

Kasama ang mga walang-maliw 1 na mahahalagang bagay na ito ng 1 ating pamana buhat sa diwa ng ! lumipas ay binubuklod natin ang ■ mga iba pang sa kasalukuyan ay ipinalalagay na mapakikinabangan sa ating pakikipaglaban upang ma- buhay. Binibigyan natin ng lubos na kalayaan ang masimbuyong pag-ibig ng ating bayan sa pag- aaral at sa pagpapaunlad sa sarili; dukha ang pamahalaan nguni’t pinamalagi naming bukas ang pi- nakamaraming paaralang primar- ya na aming makakaya, at nagta- tag ng maraming pasanayang bo- kasyonal sa matataong pook sa lalawigan. Binibigyang-sigla ng pamahalaan ang laganap na pagnanais na subukin ang pamamara- ang usungan o kooperatiba ukol sa pagtitipon at pamamahagi ng mga pangunang kailangan; unti-unting iniaangkop ang pamamaraan ding yaon sa dako ng mga gumagawa ukol sa ating kabuhayan. Ang mga kooperatiba, na itinatatag bi

lang tugon sa kasalukuyang mga kaisipan sa kabuhayan at sa lipu- nan, ay magsisilbing mabuting sa- nayan kaipala ng ating mga ma

mamayan sa sining ng sama;

samang pamuhiuhay na irfalamang maging isang mahalagang bahagi ng daigdig pagkatapos ng digma- Ang ikalawang mahalagang pa

nig ng ating palatuntunan ukol sa kaligtasan ng bansa ay ang mata- tag na kilusan upang mapanumba

lik at mapanatili ang katahimikan at kaayusan sa loob ng ating ba

yan. Sa gawaing ito nagkaroon tayo ng pinakamahigpit na panga- ngailangan, sa isang dako, na ipakilala ang mga karapatan ng kasarinlan, at sa kabila naman, upang matamo ang tulong ng mga taum- bayang mapagmahal sa katahimi

kan. Isang kahirapang nauuna- waan, nguni’t kahirapan ding ma- sasabi, na kahit na noong pagkata

pos itatag ang ating malayang Re

publika ay hindi natin tinamo ang ganap na kalayaang harapin ang ating suliranin ng katahimikan at kaayusan ayon lamang sa ating sariling pamamaraan. Gayun- man, sa bahaging magagalawan na maaari nating paghawakan ng lu

bos na pananagutan, ay isinasaga- wa natin ang isang simulaing may tatlong bahagi.

Una, pinag-ingatan nating hu

wag magsabog ng binhi ng poot’

sa mga puso ng ating kababayan sa bisa ng mga kagagawang salat na salat sa katarungan, gaya baga ng pagpaparusa sa mga taong wa

lang kasalanan o ang mga di-kailangang pagkitil ng buhay. May bahaging malulungkot ang bayang pilipino sa kanilang kasaysayan noong sila’y walang lakas na mag- tuwid sa mga kasakit-sakit na pag- alipusta, at sa gayo’y napilitang magkimkim ng mga sama ng loob sa mahahabang panahon. Hindi likas na mapaghiganti, napayabong nila, sa bisa ng mga pangyayari,

• ang isang matingkad na alaala

; ukol sa isang kaapihan at ang wa- - lang katapusang pag-aaklas ng 1 kalooban laban sa di-matwid. Ang pagkakabatid sa ugaling ito ng ating bayan, at ang pagnanais na

• huwag makapagtayo ng mga saga- 1 bal sa matibay na pagkakaisa at' f sa isang lalong masaklaw na pag-

■ ibig sa kapwa sa mga darating na 1 panahon, ay siyang nagpayo sa pa

mahalaan laban sa pagpapairal ng isang di-mababaling simulain ng r dugo at bakal sa kilusang pagpa-

; payapa.

Ikalawa, hinggil sa mga tinata- ' wag na gerilya, ay ipinamamalas

; sa kanila ang katotohanang sila’y walang itinataguyod na layuning tasan ng nangungubli ng patayo ay

5 por ciento lamang. Inaakalang ang lalong pinakamagaling ay du- mapa sa hukay na lampas-tuhod man lamang ang lalim.

Itinatagubilin din naman sa la

hat na pagkaringig sa hudyat na may panganib ay kinakailangang mangagsiligpit at huwag tumanga- tanga sa mga bukas na pook o sa mga lansangan.

Kung ang mga tagubiling iyan ng mga nakakaunawa ay siyang susundin ng mga mamamayan ay maiiwasan natin ang mga kapahamakan at kasakunaang gaya ng malungkot na nasaksihan na ng mga araw na nakalipas.

Ayon sa isang tiyak na ulat, ang maraming bigas na nasamsam sa mga walang pusong mapagsa- mantala at gayon din naman sa ilang mga mangangalakal, ay si

yang naipangligtas sa kagutuman ng mahigit sa 20,000 mag-aanak na naghihirap. Ang nasabing mga bigas, sa pamamagitan ng mga samahan sa pagkakawanggawa, ay ipinamahagi ng Pamahalaan sa nabanggit na bilang ng mga mag- aanak. Ang panghahalughog at pananamsam ay patuloy at inaaka

lang marami pang makukuhang sukat maipantulong sa mga taong nagigipit sa pangunang kailangang iyan sa buhay.

Kung ang balak ng mga pinu- nong kinauukulan ay hindi magka- karoon ng sagwil, ang paghihika- hos ng maraming taumbayan ay mababawas-bawasan. Itong Ang Republika ay ganap na nagtitiwa- la sa mabuting layon ng mga tao ng Pamahalaan, lalung-lalo na ng Pangulong Laurel; ngunit ang na

sabing mga tao ng Pamahalaan ay pinagpapagunitaan namin upang gawin ang lahat ng magagawa sa paraan bagang ang mga kawaning kanilang pinagkakatiwalaan ay magsipanuparan ng buong kara- ngalan sa tungkuling ipinagkaka- tiwala sa kanila. Ibig namin sa- bihin, ang mga kawaning iyan, ay huwag mapaloob sa tinatawag na mga bantay-salakay.

panghukbo, katumbalik pa nga ni- to’y nakapipinsala sila sa mga ka- pakanan ng kanilang tinubuan at ng kanilang mga kababayan. Sa- pagka’t, kahit na gaano pa ang kanilang maging lakas sa dami ng katval at sandata, ay di sila maa

aring makapagpabago sa magiging wakas ng digmaang ito. S'a mga panahong ito ng digmaan ng mga makina, ang mga lakas na nagka- kasagupaan, sa dakong huli, ay ang mga nililikha ng industriya at ng kayamanan. Kung sa bagay, hin

di magaan para sa isang taong may pitagan sa sarili na magbago ng pananalig pagkalipas ng isang magdamag kahit na ang pananalig na yao’y pinawalang-saysay ng mga bansag na katotohanan, at sa mga kababayan nating nasa gani- tong katayuan, ay mataimtim na pinatutunayan namin png katum- pakan ng ating Saligang-batas, ang kahalagahan ng ating nakawagay- way na Watawat at ang katunayan ng ating kasarinlan. Sa magta- gumpay man o tayo o sa hindi sa pag-amuki sa kanila na pagmala- sin ang mga bagay-bagay na gaya ng ating ginagawa, ay ikalulung- kot natin ang kanilang pagkapuk- sa, sapagka’t sa kabuuan ng mga mahalagang bagay ng ating bansa, ay kumakatawan sila sa isang karapat-dapat papanatilihin. Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit ang isa sa aking mga unang ginawa sa pama

halaan, pagkatapos kong matang- gap ang tungkulin, ay ang pagla- lagda ng isang pahayag na nagka- kaloob ng pangkalahatang amnistiya at patawad sa lahat ng mama- mayang nakagawa ng pagkakasala at paglabag na may uring pangka- pamayanan. Kahit na noong ma- kalipas na ang animnapung araw na palugit na itinakda sa Pahayag ukol sa Amnistiya, ay ipinatalas- tas ko na pahahalagahan ko pa rin ang isahang pagpapatawad sa mga lumabag sa batas na pangkapama- yanan, at ako’y di sumira sa aking pangako.

(/tutuloy sa susunod na bilang) TUMALIMA SA IPINAG-UUTOS Ipinaaalaala namin sa madia na ang oras ng pagligpit ng mga ma

mamayan ay ganap na ika-8:00 ng gabi. Ayon sa Alkalde, bawa’t tao ay kailangang nasa kani-kanilang tahanan na sa ika-7:00 pa lamang ng gabi. Kung ang sinu- man ay aabutin ng ika-8:00 ng gabi sa lansangan ay sild ang ta

nging dapat na managot sa anu

mang mangyayari sa kanila.

Sa ganang amin ay wala kaming ipinapayo kundi lahat at bawa’t isa sa atin ay tumalima sa mga ipinag-uutos.

(4)

Page 4 THE REPUBLIC: MONDAY. OCTOBER 30. 1944

(Tlw IHppubltr

Publlihed weekly by Faubwno‘a’ouilab

Editorials

ON CULTURE

Regardless of the destiny of the Philippines, one indelible effect of the present war will be of a cultural nature. Much as some may like it, it will be impossible to remove the cultural impressions stamped by force of the impact of war upon Philippine life. The emphasis given to Philippine and Oriental culture in educational and social endeavors cannot fail to have lasting effects upon all progress and upon the men

tality of the people, particularly the young. And it is all very well that such emphasis has been given, for we, as a national unit and a distinct racial group, have long been in need of it and have always wanted it but we have never had full freedom nor did we have the will to embark upon the sweeping change that it involved.

However, when the ground was swept clean, plowed and harrowed, ready to receive the seeds with which to grow a new cultural crop, did we act like scientific farmers who know exactly what seeds to plant, what kind of soil needed, how to plant and cultivate the seeds chosen and what harvest to expect and in what quantities? Or did we, like our own unprogressive toilers of the soil, simply receive seeds as they came and regardless of where they came, plant them haphaz

ardly as of old and then leave the rest to God and His elements?

There has been a very promising cultural movement, a momentary resurgence of the splendor of Philippine culture and a growing appre

ciation of such phases of Oriental culture as we do not have or may have already lost. There has been a comforting enthusiasm of response in many quarters and for a while, it seemed possible that we would really seriously undertake the great task of national cultural re-orienta

tion and development. Yet today, after three years, do we glean any clearly marked cultural trends, any cultural influences that may be said to pervade our life as a nation or as a race, any well-defined channels through which to course our cultural progress?

To our mode of thinking, we have been merely muddling through in this matter of cultural re-orientation and development. As a matter of fact, there are not a few who have readily and eagerly preached Oriental culture, but whose utterances clearly betray a hazy idea of what is true culture. There has been much confusion, even in the minds of the self-proclaimed evangelists of Oriental culture as to whether culture is civilization itself or just the implements of civilization or merely the visible marks of civilization. They cannot seem to grasp the thing at all unless it be something that is palpable and visible.

There is even a tendency to reduce it to rules of conduct that some feel should be enforced or to certain select pieces of literature that should be committed to memory by young and old or to certain usages in speech, styles of attire, and decorative art. Admittedly, much of the inspiration for all of these has been eager and ambitious, but often uncertain of its own nature and meaning.

Both government and private undertakings have failed to afford our people direction and leadership. Efforts are dispersed and unorganized.

Orientation is lacking. There is a Bureau of Oriental Culture but it is still apparently buried among its voluminous tomes and without wings, as it were, to make even only survey flights. There is a Cultural Federation that does not know exactly its field of action. There are many individuals, enthusiastic volunteers, but they all seem like rudder

less ships floating in a vast sea towards nowhere. To say the least, it has been a rather chaotic situation in which too much good oppor

tunity has been loSi anu om saa of- culture ‘remains uncharted.

What to do. Let our best minds in public life and private agree on the proper course to follow, on the tendencies to encourage and to develop and on the new phases of culture to promote for ourselves as a people and as a race. Then let our government declare a policy i and define its own field, assigning what it cannot cover to private initiative, setting standards for those upon whom it may entrust cul

tural missions and affording facilities to make such missions succeed.

Unity of purpose, clearly outlined objectives, systematized organization, coordination of activities, and proper choice of leadership will provide a good start. After all, a good start is at best what should be expected - now, for no full flowering of culture can be possible in just a matter of years, particularly in war time, contrary to the hopeful assertions :

of those attempting overnight changes. I

NOT “PEACE AT ANY PRICE”

The Republic’s campaign for national salvation has been geared to two lines of action, the spiritual and the physical. Under the latter phase, the work of pacification has been ah important task, perhaps much more important than most of us understand, involving as it does not only lives but also principles and tenets of government and indi

vidual conduct for which men have always readily offered the greatest sacrifices.

Was the pacification campaign a success? It is unquestionable that much success has been achieved, although it is also undeniable that there was much failure. Peace and order have been established in all areas throughout the country except in remote communities and iso

lated mountain fastnesses and a sense of tranquillity has been infused into the minds and hearts of the vast majority, at least until fresh developments in the GEA war situation came and seemed again to en

courage new disturbances.

In viewing the success or failure of the pacification campaign, how

ever, it is only proper to understand the fundamental policy of Pres

ident Laurel, so that the results may be accurately assessed in their true significance. For instance, pacification essentially means the em

ployment of physical force to compel subjection to a regime or to bring about a state of peace. Nevertheless, President Laurel has preferred to use means other than the physical to achieve his aims. If certain phases of the campaign have failed, it was due largely to his desire that no more harm be done than has already been done, no lives be taken than have already been lost. He wanted to secure peace for his people but not at the cost of blood; he sought the return, of order but not at the sacrifice of more of the very people whom he has pledged to help and protect.

To gain an insight into the President’s mind on this matter of paci

fication, it is necessary to feel his heart, which one can do by reading the following quotation from his anniversary speech:

“We have taken care not to sow seeds of hatred in the hearts of our people through acts of gross injustice, such as the punishing of innocent persons or the unnecessary taking of lives. The Filipino people have unhappy chapters in their history when they had been powerless to right painful injustices and had, consequently, been forced to nurse grievances over long periods of time. Not vengeful by nature, they have developed, by force of circumstances, a long memory for a wrong and lasting indignation against injustice. Knowledge of this peculiarity of our people, and the desire not to erect barriers to solid unity and a more inclusive brotherly love in the future have coun

selled the government against adopting an unmitigated policy of blood and iron in the pacification campaign.”

His words should explain and justify not only what have seemed to be failures of the pacification- campaign but also apparent weaknesses in the functioning of the government machinery for the maintenance of peace and order. The Presidentis so deeply concerned over what the people have already lost in lives, property and sense of security that he does not want to add more for any excuse or under any guise.

“Peace at any price,” is not his kind of peace. Rather it is ‘Teace on earth and good-will among men.”

Republic’s Economic Progress Remarkable

By JESUS V. COLET

The war of Greater East Asia I been created to form the bulwark broke out on December 8, 1941,1 of the Government’s effort toward with Japan, the leader of Oriental I overcoming economic difficulties, es- peoples, in a spirited drive for a---- * ■----"—

New World wherein all races may enjoy real peace,, happiness and prosperity, declaring war on Great i Britain and the United States, , and expelling, once and for all, ' after a short period of a few

> months, the Anglo-American-Dutch

> influence from the Orient.

True to her word and her sacred I code of t honor, Japan not only I helped the Filipinos rise from the

; bloody, battered soil of the country, s but promised the Philippines its independence, which materialized , on October 14, 1943, asking in re- , turn only the destruction of all , connections and entanglements with

; the past regime, the initiation of , measures toward economic self- : sufficiency, and the reorientation . of the Filipinos spiritually and

materially. '

Since the establishment of the Philippine Republic on October 14, 1943, with His Excellency Jose P.

Laurel as its President, almost a year has elapsed. In this short lapse of time, what has the Philip

pines achieved economically?

In the past, America offered the Filipinos independence with one hand while holding economic strangulation deftly behind her in the other. She made the Filipinos so accustomed to free trade and preferential tariff that with inde

pendence, the Philippines would have inevitably faced economic

The impact of the war brought in bold and terrible vividness this precarious structure of Philippine

■ economy which rested mainly on the support of the American market, for which most of the principal export crqps were being produced, almost 80 per cent of the total exports consisting mainly of agricultural products shipped to the United States. Sugar ranked first, comprising 40 per cent of the total Philippine exports, fol

lowed by abaca, which accounted for 14 per cent of pre-war exports.

On the other hand, the Philip

pines imported millions of pesos worth of clothing materials aver

aged about 1(40,000,000' annually; f livestock and meat products, F3,- 000,000; dairy products, P10,000, 000; and vegetable products P5- 000,000.

The war, as a matter of course, paralyzed Philippine export in

dustries, especially sugar, copra and coconut oil, abaca and manu

factures of abaca, and tobacco, as 1 well as many others of lesser im

portance, the total value of which '■

in 1940 amounted to more than 1 P305,000,000. In like manner, the cutting off of Philippine imports of essential manufacture goods, especially of prime commodities like foodstuffs, textiles, building ! materials, etc., worth over P269 - 000,000 in 1940, caused some in

convenience-.

The undue emphasis formerly placed on the development of agri- 1 cultural crops for export to the neglect of industrial pursuits con- 1 verted the country into nothing 1 but a market for manufactured 1 products from abroad. We sup- 1 inely and indiscriminately import- 1 ed and consumed a vast amount ! of goods that could have been 1 manufactured locally, as subse- ’ quent developments have amply

demonstrated. <

An outstanding feature of the 1 economic order now being evolved 1 is the creation of- new economic • spheres over different portions of ! territory based on natural factors ’ of geography and economic homo- 1 geneity. As a matter of fact, pre

vious to the outbreak of the present 1 world hostilities, the movement to- 1 ward regional or hemispheric eco- 1 nomic blocs had already begun to * manifest itself in some parts of 1 the world. The Empire of Japan ' has taken the lead in the establish- 1 ment of the Greater East Asia Co- 1 Prosperity Sphere which aims to so 1 develop the material and human re- 1 sources in each and every one' of 1 the various Asiatic countries as to 1 enable them to find their propel- places in the world, attain economic « self-sufficiency within the Sphere, i and establish co-prosperity among <

themselves. ;

In line with this program of co- i prosperity, the new Philipine eco- ’ nomy is enthusiastically mobilizing i the material and human elements 1 of the country for the establish- s ment of a national industrial sys- t tem capable of measuring up to the t aims of the great humanizing pro- <

gram of East Asian co-prosperity. s An Economic Planning Board, with <

Manuel A. Roxas as Chairman, has t

l pecially food problems.

' Of the total Philippine land area 1 of 29,740,970 hectares, only 3,954,- t 000 hectares were under cultivation two years ago, more than 10,000,000 , hectares of rich land still lying idle.' These lands are now actively being put under cultivation to pro- ' duce the much-needed staple crops. I I New life has been injected into I Philip pine agriculture. Modern : farming methods are being adopted , by the Filipino farmers in an ef- I

fort to so develop the available fertile lands that they shall be able to support a population of 80,000,- 000 people, or four and a half times more than the present 18,- 000,000 people. Long before the fall of Bataan, the far-seeing Jap

anese agricultural experts were al

ready directing the planting and sowing of rice and other crops to forestall famine and hunger. With the new variety of rice seed, known as “Horai-Mai,” introduced into the Philippines by the Japanese, the ■ Filipinos will easily double their rice harvest, as has been witnessed from experiments conducted by Japanese experts at Montalban and Alabang.

The program for mass produc

tion of cotton initiated by the for

mer Japanese Military Administra

tion is offering a bright prospect to Philippine agriculture. The Phil

ippine Cotton Growing Association has been incorporated. This huge five-year cotton development pro

gram expects not only to make the Philippines self-sufficient as re

gards its clothing requirements, which mounted up to 1*40,000,000 worth of imports annually before the war, but also to cater to the cotton requirements of other coun

tries in Greater East Asia. The absolutely new system of sharing instituted in the Philippine cotton industry, wherein 65 per cent goes to the tenant planter and as much as 90 per cent to the owner planter, isxgreatly instrumental in realizing the vast aims of the program.

Under this cotton production program, envisaging a five-year plan from 1942 to 1946, inclusive, f the area to ibe. cultivated will be more than I'll million acres with a crop prospect of 1,000,000 tons.

For the year 1942,-the total yield of cotton in Luzon was estimated at 2,647,168 kilos of seed cotton, or 14,606 piculs.

Under the new regime, a great impetus was given to commerce and industry. In the early part of February, 1942, only two establish

ments were operating in Manila;

in five months, there were 66 es

tablishments allowed to operate, and by December of the same year, the number operating has risen to 1,200. Manufacturing has greatly surpassed pre-war standards. All the factories functioning before the 1 war are now flourishing, and many new ones have been opened. The scarcity of imported products that have always been in great demand and the pressing need for substi

tutes have given such impetus to the manufacturing business that the once home-made products for domestic consumption are now being mass-produced under factory conditions, and what is most gra

tifying, they compare favorably with the imnorted ones.

The coconut industry is reaping 1 substantial profits. In making an 1 analysis, it is convenient to refer to the three main parts of the co- '■

conut: the meat, the husk, and' the ; shells, and to show what new com- ! modifies have appeared in the market to satisfy the people’s de- ; mands and needs. The striking feature of the coconut industry is 1 the rise of the husk, an important 1 raw material in the making of new i commercial products, such as coir • fiber, sacks, filters, doormats, <

household brushes, horse brushes, i and helmets. The production of I these articles from the coconut <

husk constitutes a new industry requiring the use of power-driven t machinery and the employment of <

many laboratories. i

A second striking aspect of the 1 coconut industry is in with the new uses r

, In pre-war days, the coconut meat yielded important commercial I articles like oil, lard, and soap of various kinds, but the new situa- i tion has led to new uses of oil,

| such as the running of diesel en

gines and refined oil for pharma

ceutical uses, thereby giving a new aspect to the horizon for the coco-

; nut industry.

Although sugar production has been pushed into the background ' to give way to the cotton program, i the sugar industry is being main- I tained and encouraged to meet the j local demands. Considerable num- I bers of the existing factories are I being operated and sugar cultiva-

| tion is still being continued. The j Philippine Sugar Association was j organized to rehabilitate the sugar

industry.

I The abaca and tobacco industries are facing bright prospects, too.

There is at present a great demand for rope and other allied products, but the cigarette industry cannot supply the demand of the Philip

pine public, with the result that great quantities of cigarettes are being imported from Japan and other countries of East Asia.

The dairy industry is being pro

moted in an effort to make the country self-sufficient in its supply of milk and other important prod

ucts, while the animal resources of the country are being developed in order to do away with the con

siderable importation of animal products.

Fishing is another industry that fits well in the new economic set

up. Philippine waters abound in fish and marine products which could easily supply all the needs of the country and also support a prosperous foreign trade, if ex

ploited, in addition to being rich in marine products of commercial value, such as shells for the man

ufacture of buttons, window panes, lamp shades and screens, pearl and pearl shells, and sponges.

For these reasons, fishing associa

tions have been established and are doing much to effect such an idea.

Moreover, the tanning of hides by modern improved methods, the production of fertilizers, and the production of vaccines and sera for the control of infectious human and animal diseases are being con

scientiously attended to. Further

more, facilities for mining are being expanded with the improve

ment and expansion of hydro-elec

tric power plants, such as that lo

cated in Laguna, while various light industries are also being pro-_

moted.

To control and supervise the sale and distribution of goods, especial

ly foodstuffs, various agencies were created. Recently, the' National Commodities Procurement and Dis

tribution Corporation (NADISCO) was incorporated. The control agencies receive supplies of con

trolled commodities from factdries and distribute them to the public through the retailers’ cooperative associations. A federation of these retailers’ associations is function

ing in Manila, and similar, associa

tions and provincial federations are being organized throughout the country, this important activity being now largely in the hands of Filipino retailers. It being a mat

ter of common knowledge that the Chinese have always monopolized Philippine trade, such facts are highly encouraging.

Thus, the essential features of the new Philippine economy em

brace the following six points, as outlined by the Director of the Bu

reau of Commerce and Industries, Cornelio Balmaceda:

“1. Development of those lines of production which are based on the available natural resources and the essential needs of the country in order to bring about the desired state of national economic self- sufficiency.

“2. More extensive development and utilization of the natural wealth and resources of the coun

try to establish a strong economic foundation.

i “3. A well-balanced program of agricultural and industrial devel

opment that will. provide a diver

sity of employment for the effective utilization of the human resources of the country.

“4. Development of the foreign trade to take care of surplus pro

duction and the supply of articles needed for local consumption but aecc oi tne which cannot be locally produced, in * connection I and to enable this country to ac- made of the | complish its part as a member of wivn uie new uses inuue vi vne , . — r —. — --- — coconut meat, not for copra mostly j the Greater East Asia Co-Prosper- as during pre-war days—but as jty Sphere.

important food items of the people. | “5. Establishment of a well-or- The making of coconut food prod-

ucts is an important feature of the new industrial production. Of special interest is the success of the coco-milk project, because from that process important commercial derivatives have been developed, such as the different kinds of co

conut candy, and the coconut cream and butter.

ganized system of distribution for the domestic trade.

“6. Establishment of a system of rationalization and control of in

dustry and trade to avoid waste, ruinous competition over-produc

tion, undue concentration of wealth, and other known defects of the laissez-faire and capitalistic sys- I terns.”—Domei News Agency