Upload a copy of the work in the dissertation database of the college/school/institute/department and in any other databases available on the public internet. Furthermore, this work would not have been possible without the support of the farm owner Mr. During visit and observation of the researcher at the farm, the BSF technology has 44 to 45 days to live to complete its life cycle.
On the other hand, only 20% to 10% of the total BSFLs can be used for livestock farming alone.
INTRODUCTION
In addition, the larval stage is used in waste management because they were about to eat for two (2) weeks before moving to the next stage, which is the pupa stage. The pupal stage is the stage where it can be used in feeding livestock and this stage lasts about two weeks before it reaches full maturity (Spinelli et al., 2019).
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
According to da Silva and Hesselberg (2020), BSF technology can solve the existing problems of poor control and waste management compared to the existing composting method, and at the same time it can be consumed by animals as it has a good source of protein. Romano et al., (2021) shows how discarded spent coffee grounds and dough can be used to feed BSF larvae, where it is justified to see the nutrient composition of the larvae after opening their bodies, revealing that BSF larvae were fed on ground coffee are high in fatty acids, while BSF larvae fed with dough are high in amino acids. Therefore, the study concludes that BSF larvae can improve animal production and agricultural agricultural production because the foreguts can be fed to animals, while the frass after harvesting the foreguts can be used as organic fertilizer.
BSFL is known as an effective decomposer of biological waste, which also serves to increase economic benefits, as the use of BSFL in livestock enterprises is cost-effective compared to expensive feed flour, as it can also be an excellent income generator (Osuga et. al.). ., 2018). In which he was supported by two researchers Joly and Nikeima (2019) that the BSFL business is promising especially in terms of the market value of biological waste. In contrast, the statement by Druckman et al. 2021), the generation of income from the production of BSFL in the production of dried BSFL is characterized as unprofitable due to operating costs.
In addition, according to Salam et al., (2022), one factor in BSF technology production that must be considered is humidity and temperature because BSFL is extremely sensitive which can affect its utilization. Certain studies by Tomberlin et al. (2009) and Barry (2004) concluded that temperature and humidity affect the cycle of these species in which the most suitable temperature ranges from 27.5 ºC to 37.5 ºC while relative humidity is at 60%. humidity because there is a positive correlation between mortality and utilization. In addition, Adler et al. 2009), concluded that the temperature and the development of BSF have a positive correlation, BSFL has a short lifespan and below average size adults when the temperature in the rearing facility is between 30ºC to 36ºC, unlike the BSF in 27ºC to 30ºC.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This case study will be of great benefit to a business entity that operates livestock production, thereby serving as basic guidelines in the use of the black soldier fly technology to lower the operating costs for livestock nutrition. This case study will be of great importance to the community increasing economic progress in terms of working citizens engaged in livestock production, lowering livestock price due to sufficient supply of livestock in the market, and also the health benefits to the community adapting environmental awareness to organic and to use eco-friendly approaches in the management of biodegradable waste. The study will give additional income to the government through the help of taxes coming from the livestock production entity and to the employee of the business, it will increase the number of working citizens in providing work.
While increasing their knowledge and idea about the environmental benefits of black soldier fly technology to effectively manage the bio-waste generated by the local communities. This case study will be of great importance to the food manufacturing industry that produces bulk leftovers, defective, expired and out of specification as declared waste by the organization in terms of such effective waste management, the organization in partnership with the farm unit employing black soldier fly technology can help to effectively handle this bulk load. This case study will be an additional reference for future researchers as related works to black soldier fly technology engaging in environmental responsiveness in managing waste management and livestock production using BSF larvae.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 1.1 Life Cycle Assessment and equivalent utilization
Taking into account that 1 kilogram of BSF larvae can eat an average of 3 to 5 kilograms of biowaste per day, based on the identified classification of the biowaste. This means that the softer the biowaste, the faster BSF larvae can eat and dissolve it. But this is not the expected development, which means that it will shorten the period in which the BSF larvae get their nutrients from the feeding period that is ultimately necessary for their adult phase, especially during egg production.
The study was conducted in one of the farms in Calauan Laguna with an area of 60,000 m2 (6 ha), which was originally developed as a small poultry farm, where the owner uses BSF larvae for alternative feeding and animal manure management. The collected biological waste is piled in the available space of the open space, and then manually lifted by the farmer's staff, then transferred to the grinding machine, especially meats, processed meats and other spoiled kitchen waste, commercial waste and market waste associated with each biopond, consisting of 1,500,000 BSF larvae each pond. The owner classified four types of food compounds for BSF larvae from the collected biowaste, defined in the table below.
This classification may determine the effective use of BSF larvae in biowaste management, depending on the structure and constituents of the biowaste. This can also be the basis for evaluating the nutritional value of BSF larvae, which can be useful as an alternative feed for fish and chicken, especially for livestock. While 60% to 70% of the BSF larvae from the biopond will be transferred to rearing facilities to keep the BSF population emerging.
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
The increasing prices of meat protein in the Philippines, especially in the Manila area, is mainly because there are also high prices of feed rations in the market, especially the prices of corn and soybeans, where 60% to 80% are the main source of protein (Miraflor, 2021). Prices of BSF larvae according to their classification are provided by the farm owner and are available at the farm.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
While in the pilot farm where the study was conducted, the allowable temperature set by the owner is between 27ºC to 35ºC provided by some conditions that the biopond and growth facilities have proper covers and more water concentration significantly in the premises of growth that require a moist environment. and proper covers because the pupal stage needs a dark, dry, warm place to successfully emerge from its pupal shell to become an adult BSF. However, due to the tropical conditions here in the Philippines, other environmental factors and financial constraints, the temperature that is applied in the farm is between 29ºC to 39ºC, but not more than 45ºC. In addition, when it comes to the use of BSF in biological waste management, the researcher calculates based on the average production of BSF larvae taking into account the mortality rate of 20% to 30%, as a result of the calculation, 1 gram of BSF egg equivalent with an average of 3000 larvae.
However, 10 to 30 tons of biowaste are collected from the farm every day, so there are insufficient numbers of larvae that can consume those tons of biowaste from different companies. In fact, 25% of the total production will go to the feed mill operation, while 50% will be transferred to the rearing facility to multiply the number of BSF, and the remaining 25% will be allocated to the sale of live larvae.
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
An efficient facility must be required to maximize the optimal benefits of Black Soldier Fly Technology for biowaste treatment and use this BSF technology as an alternative feed meal for livestock production. Facility means the building of the biopond, the equipment used by the farm in the biopond, specifically the grate and the containers, and the innovation of the breeding facility in terms of temperature and humidity. It is recommended that the pilot farm lowers the temperature from 29ºC - 39ºC to 27ºC - 35ºC in the rearing facility, this is to reduce the mortality of BSF larvae.
It is recommended that a regular schedule of monitoring the temperature in the rearing facility be used to effectively evaluate what is needed to continuously improve the rearing development of BSF larvae; and 4.
Food waste and its management in the food service sector of a developing economy: an exploratory and preliminary study of a sample of restaurants in Iraq. Conversion of spent coffee and donuts by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae into potential resources for. Global waste management experiences with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): from technology to business (Part 16).
Energy Loss in Developing Countries - A Quick Review: Opportunities, Challenges and Policies in Selected Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Insects for forage income generation: effect of dietary replacement of soybean and fish meal with black army fly meal on broiler growth and economic performance. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and Short-lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) Reductions from Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in the Philippines: A Rapid Review and.
Use of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) for the bioconversion of waste from the livestock production chain: a life cycle assessment case study. 2Fwww.alcimed.com%2Fen%2Falcim-articles%2F3-ways-asia-is-cutting-down-food-loss-and-food-waste-along-the-value-chain%2F%23%3A~%3Atext . Retrieved from https://mb.com.ph rising-prices-of-animal-feed-ingredients-to-push-meat-prices-higher/.
