But the discontinuity of fundraising activities after the first decade of the US regime in the Philippines is rather difficult to understand. In this part, an inventory is first made of the musical instruments per ethnolinguistic group represented in the collection. Only one man played this curious instrument: Ybag, one of the oldest men in the village.
Kadagiti Negrito ti Bataan, adda gitara a maawagan iti kabungbung, kapada ti pas-ing dagiti lgorote.
Tinguian
According to this source, the instrument is very similar to the gurlmbow of the Tayabas Negrito.13. Two strings on the left are struck with a stick, while other strings are played with the index finger and thumb of the right hand. This is not the Jew's harp described by Worcester in the first parasuaph of the quote above.
The third and fourth players, with correspondingly smaller instruments, follow with the same rhythmic pattern, each beginning with the second beat of the previous player.
UFIT
KALINGA BAMBOO ZITHER
Bukidnon
Cole also wrote a book about the Bukidnon people and their culture, in which he mentioned a curious idiophone that he called "a dance instrument. The strings are wooden and the frets are beeswax with small guides inserted in each. The guitar has two strings, of which the one is free, the other rests on the bands.
When the strings are properly tuned, the player plucks them with the fingers of the right hand, while the fingers of the left hand apply proper pressure to the strings up the neck.
Plate VII. Dioray (Bukidnon)
The gongs were better tuned in pitch and pentatonic scale than the others, but the second of the scale was in the upper octave. It is premature to say what percentage of the total Philippine musical instruments are in the FMNH, as the printed literature is meagre and inadequate. However, it is likely that the collection may contain half of the instrumental types known in the literature consulted.
A review of the types of musical instruments revealed in this paper is very revealing, even in a preliminary way. The sources do not specify the basis for the distinction; furthermore, it is not known whether the two bases can be combined to identify other types of gongs. The matter, for example, of male and female drums is unclear in the literature; and then also the classification of gongs according to the quality of the sound or tone.
Within the large group of chordophones, Densmore felt that the most primitive stringed instrument was the one she called "boy's museek", most likely related to the kambatong found among the lbaloy people. BANGIBANG, If., batons made of hard wood, used in ceremonies for the healing of the sick or during death ceremonies. BOHOL, Bil., bow used when playing the DIWAGAY made of bamboo with hemp string.
Ting., a woman's instrument of bamboo, partly cut off at one end leaving two pieces on opposite faces, held in the right hand and struck in the palm of the left; the note is changed by the finger hole near the hand hold. TAKUMBO, Mv., Tala., a two-stringed instrument, beaten with sticks, the proximal end being pushed into the player's stomach.
FOOTNOTES
12This type is also simply known as a lip flute or flute "in which the breath is directed against a U- or V-shaped notch cut into the upper edge of the instrument" in the phrasing of K.P. 13It is quite unusual that Romualdez did not give the name of the Apayaw bamboo bow but rather the Tayabas Negrito name for a similar instrument, most likely from his own field notes, but once again without giving the place or area Pobladols AbotW -., RtlZilB Exiatentf!B y·Sul Yariedlldea, fl.eliglon. 27Seen by the author in 1957 and 1958 who were united during Lent, especially in collaboration with the Moriones fesdval. 28Religion md Society. f11110n16 the TagbaMZ oj Palllwan Ir. . , Univ. of Chicago, 1954), pp.
29 "Manners and Customs of the Tagbanuas and other Tribes of Palawan", Smithaoilm Institution MiBcellttneou& CoDectloll, v. 3 No copy of this percussiou mat is registered in the catalogs of FMNH, nor in the PhilipPine collection. 34cote mentions agong as currency, but does not further describe Bilaan musical instruments; though he briefly alluded to their music and dance (1913:144).
35"A Study of Bagobo Ceremonial Magic and Myth," AnnalB fra New York Academy of Science, v.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The length of the play is mainly due to the fact that a prompter is used throughout the drama. In the political system before 1976, at the municipal level, there are two main branches. At this stage it became clear that the mayor was not interested in emphasizing the status of the holiday.
In fact, many of the comedians are closely related to the chairman (he himself participated in comedy in his youth); but, despite this fact, everyone was eager to participate. These permits are issued by the provincial police or. the recommendation of the municipal police. One of the prominent officials who participated in the work of this day was Mr.
The influential positions of the mayor (as the president of the parish pastoral council, which ranks him immediately after the priest in terms of supervision of church affairs, and as the head of the municipality) are an example of the consolidation of authority in the municipality. . Thus, the mayor often describes himself as the father of the community and thereby acquires pater potesta/privileges over its members. This kind of attitude and behavior is common among people in power in B. and is not a characteristic of only the mayor.
AN EXAMPLE OF CONFLICT AND AUTHORITY .. tends to disappear or become unclear.6 The mayor began by effectively blocking the proposal of the comedy when it was first raised in the meeting of the Pastoral Assembly. This hesitation must be seen in the light of the system of patronage in which the mayor holds the highest position.
This is the interpretation supported by most, if not all, local traditions in the Malay region from Sumatra to the Philippines. At this point it is necessary to note the gradual spread of Malay among the Muslims in the Philippines, which also served as one of the agencies for the spread of such expressions. As mentioned earlier, some of the effects of the arrival of Islam represent a process that is still ongoing in the Philippines.
Defense of family and land and loyalty to chiefs became part of their Islamic duties. ASIAN STUDIES 89 - more than four decades after the end of the Spanish regime in the Philippines). It could not be otherwise, since the political leaders of the Commonwealth themselves belonged to the traditional elite in Christian areas.
This is one aspect in the life of Muslims in the Philippines where the element of governance comes in, on the principle of religious freedom and tolerance. It also provides for a system of Muslim courts as part of the national court system. Of the Muslims who enter primary school, no more than 2% complete secondary education to enter college.
In a very important sense, the problems of the Muslims are part of the national problems. The problem of the Muslims along such lines will therefore have to be solved within the context of the entire country.
PROBLEM IN THE PffiLIPPINES by
Gerald Sussman
The Chinese remained to serve as intermediaries for Spanish trade in the islands and other Spanish colonies. Important members of the Chinese economic elite were later identified with the Kuomintang, especially after the 1927 split in the KMT in mainland China; - Not all Chinese were right-wing. Despite American exclusion laws, the Chinese population (largely illegal13) grew rapidly during the 1920s and 1930s.
In the Philippines, this phenomenon manifested itself in talks about closing the Chinese schools or at least purging them. It can be pointed out that during this period most Chinese schools were registered, financed and controlled by the Taiwanese government with the help of local Chinese businessmen. Because the Dutch never prevented the opening of Chinese schools (only the access of Chinese to the Dutch schools), the Chinese provided their own educational facilities.
At the same time, the nationalization of the school system and the closure of Chinese schools took place. Advocates of Filipinization believe that Chinese schools perpetuate Chinese identity, resulting in the separation of Filipino and Chinese youth. The most ambiguous aspect of Filipinization is the Philippine government's attitude toward the status of the Chinese in the Philippines.
The Chinese pay a lot for their privilege to stay in the Philippines (including the use of kickbacks and kickbacks to public officials). 2Berthold Laufer, "Relations of the Chinese with the Philippines," Hi:rtorical Bulletin (Manila: Philippine Historical Association, 1967), p.
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