JAPANESE OCCUPATION 43 These political groups increased the extent and effectiveness of the various organizations of Chinese society. The activities of NSA and AEBUS were more or less similar to their counterparts in the Philippines. The KMT guerrilla was the force created by the Malaysian branch of the KMT.
All the aforementioned developments strengthened and ensured the strengthening of the nationalist movement, which is now dominated by .the. The American military occupation of the Philippines in 1898 brought dramatic changes to the lives of many Filipinos. Most people who believe in the survival of katawan rely on faith for most things.
INTRODUCTION A.. Background
This paper presents a hypothesis that behavior change can be used to evaluate government development projects. He defined behavioral change as a change in the generalized character and actions of man as a result of changes in income, education, land ownership, and degree of urbanization. Different ways of influencing behavior change were examined and a simple model for driving behavior change from a traditional to a modern direction was formulated.
HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 113 improvement of the area's educational, health and credit institutions was assessed as follows: increase in land value (National Housing Authority, 1982), increase in structural value (Jimenez, 1983), housing consolidation ( Reforma , 1981), efficiency in serving the target population (Lindauer, 1981) and project cost recovery and affordability levels of residents. Thus, this is an area where little research has been undertaken, and studies that aim to evaluate housing development projects by considering behavioral changes following its implementation can be a major contribution to the analysis of this little-known area of evaluation. the project. It would complement the findings through Cost-Benefit Analysis, due to its failure to consider an important area of social benefits, namely, the emergence of behavioral changes due to the impact of a development project.
An empirical study on this could provide more insightful information for practitioners and theorists in the field of Urban and Regional Planning.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND DEFINITION OF TERMS A. Human Behavior and Behavioral Change
This article defines human behavior as the general character manifested by overt actions in relation to one's environment. There are many types of individuals who manifest different actions, but schematically human behavior can be classified into traditional and modern. In Guthrie's (1971) study of the rural Philippines, traditional and modern behavior was described as follows: In the less advanced parts of the rural areas, he found that the major activity of the people revolves around the production and distribution of food.
This is why people often even market part of what would have been used for their own diet. The shipments are small and the profit is very small to cover the cost of the trip. In the more advanced areas where modern behavior was observed, many are landowners because the possession of usable land is the main source of wealth.
This way, one can be sure that owners of large modern houses in the city have land in the "barrios" (less developed areas in the province). Many of the people in the more advanced rural areas are professional and almost all encourage their children to get higher education. So castes that used the new road benefited from it, while castes that did not did not benefit from it.
New standards suitable for middle-class services and community leaders emerged and elections were accepted. Greater willingness to adopt in institutions outside the village, eg, the use of well pumps in the fields; The introduction of the fixed work and wage system which eliminated advanced negotiations before the work was done in the field;.
He observed that the occupying families voluntarily dug water pits for their communities in the early stages of the development projects. Residents of Nyerere Compound used the amount of money to build a clinic for health education of community members and other needs. The final stage is society's commitment to the rewards and risks of new ways, and then the rules and methods of developed economics and administration begin to fit.
FACTORS THAT INDUCE CHANGE
An evaluation of behavior change by examining the effects of human interaction is, however, longitudinal, and generalizations are difficult to make because this type of approach must be conducted on a person-by-person basis. Mass media accelerates the rate of change and has brought about a change in the image of ambition. People can slowly learn to want more money as an end in itself, the new "durable" consumers of the last few decades, e.g. radios, refrigerators, bicycles, even automobiles, have greatly reduced the traditional lack of scarcity of the poor and have brought women as well as men into the cycle of desire (Lerner, 1958).
The evaluation of Tondo Foreshore through the Hedonic Pricing Approach (Jimenez, 1983) found that residents improved the quality of their dwellings shortly after land ownership. However, the author did not elaborate on whether such improvements were viewed as a social gain, for example in increasing one's financial stability and credibility and, in turn, gaining access to other institutions. For example, in the Philippines, collateral in the form of real estate is a prerequisite for obtaining a loan from a loan.
Third, higher education may change an individual's preferences, such as allocating more time to income-generating activities. Fourth, higher education can encourage better nutritional and hygienic habits, for example greater use of professional health services, due to better knowledge of its benefits. From the above, education can cause behavior change and can be studied with other variables, e.g. with land ownership.
Degree of urbanization refers to the degree of availability of infrastructure, for example electrical and water supply systems, roads, drainage and sewage systems that can cause behavioral change over time. There may also be greater contact with other members of the community, thus more community involvement, etc. That is, improvements in economic, physical and social institutions can be made simultaneously \Vhere the total social organization of the community can change towards modernization.
Thus, it is possible for certain types of behavioral changes to occur that can affect the modernization of community residents. The housing project appears to be a comprehensive and deliberate policy to achieve changes in human behavior. So if the government of, say, a developing country notices changes in behavior, from traditional to modern, after a housing development project has been implemented in, say, a squatter community, the policy of more investment in housing development pro- projects will be implemented.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In other words, we conclude that behavior is a function of income, education, land tenure program and the degree of urbanization of the environment. It is recommended that post-evaluation studies of housing projects on behavioral changes receive more attention because of the benefits to be expected in the longer term. Chicago: Rank McNally Publishing, Co. 34; Understanding the Everyday Physical Environment", Journal of the American Institute of Planners.
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