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*·ª≈·≈–‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß®“°∫∑ Art and Language Arts „πÀπ—ß ◊Õ Art-centered Education and Therapy for Children with Disabilities ‚¥¬ Frances E.

Anderson ®—¥æ‘¡æå‚¥¬ Charles C. Thomas Publishers, Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A.; 1941. Àπâ“ ÒÛÚ - Òı¯.

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§” ”§—≠: »‘≈ª–, »‘≈ª–¿“…“, °“√Õà“πÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß, °“√‡¢’¬π, °«’π‘æπ∏å

Abstract Art and Language Arts for Handicapped Children Lertsiri Bovornkitti*, Chulanee Thianthai^†

*Faculty of Fine Arts, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok

†Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok This is a translated and edited version of chapter VI (pp. 132-158) of the book by Frances E. Ander- son, entitled Art-centered Education and Therapy for Children with Disabilities, published in 1944 by Charles C.

Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. Introduced in this chapter are art-based creative activities called language arts, which include visual vocabulary activities (reading aloud), writing activities, puppet plays, and poetry. In practice, it is of the same fashion in expressing mentality as symbolic expressions in drawings in individuals that would not or could not reveal themselves in verbal communication.

Of note, the art-based creative activities presented in this paper will be just the beginning – a jum ping- off place – for the creative teacher. Teaching children with special needs is a constant challenge. These children need more practice than other children in learning skills and concepts. There is no reason to make practice a dull, boring drill when there are so many alternative ways to learn. For some reason, educators seem to believe that the brightest, most competent learners should be afforded the most creative teaching.

On the contrary, if every child with special needs were taught with the same energy and creativity as a gifted child we might see far more enthusiastic, energetic progress in them. There is no excuse for boring any learner of any age with dull, uninspired teaching. Special children need special teaching far more than any others because they have so much farther to go. “Art-based academic learning can make the journey a joyful experience.”... F.E. Anderson.

Key words: art, language arts, art-based creative activities, visual vocabulary activities, puppet plays, poetry

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≈”∫“°„π°“√≈ߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ √ÿª°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®“° ∂“π°“√≥åÀπ÷Ëß

‰ª¬—ßÕ’° ∂“π°“√≥åÀπ÷Ëß, ·≈–μâÕß°“√ß“π¿“§ªØ‘∫—μ‘°«â“ߢ«“ß.

π—°‡√’¬πªí≠≠“ÕàÕπ‡À≈à“π’È®”π«π¡“°¡’ “¬μ“‡ ◊ËÕ¡√ÿπ·√ß´÷Ëß

√∫°«π°“√‡¢’¬π·≈–°“√«“¥¿“æ. „π∫“ß√“¬∑’ˇÀÁπ√Ÿª√à“ßæ◊Èπ

¿“æ‰¡à™—¥‡®π∑”„À≡ࠓ¡“√∂∫Õ°§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß¿“扥â.

∑“ߥâ“π»‘≈ª°√√¡ §√ŸºŸâ ÕπÕ“®Õ÷¥Õ—¥°—∫°√≥’‡¥Á°

‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¬“°´÷Ëß¡’·««©≈“¥ ·μà‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“„®°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫.

π—°‡√’¬πª√–‡¿∑π’È¡’§«“¡¬“°≈”∫“°„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®“°·∫∫

®”≈ÕߢÕߧ√Ÿ»‘≈ª–„πÀâÕ߇√’¬π ·μàÕ“®‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‰¥â¥’®“°°“√

 Õπ· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡∑’≈–¢—ÈπμÕπ ·¡â∫“ߧ√—Èß®–μâÕ߮Ȕ®’ȮȔ‰™

À≈“¬§√—Èß°àÕπ∑’ˇ¢“®– “¡“√∂≈ß¡◊Õ∑”‰¥â ‡æ◊ËÕÀ≈’°‡≈’ˬ߰“√

‡°‘¥§«“¡‡∫◊ËÕÀπà“¬Õ÷¥Õ—¥„®. πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—ß¡’‡¥Á° “¬μ“‰¡à¥’

∑’ˉ¡à™Õ∫ß“π»‘≈ª– ·μà™Õ∫查 π∑π“ ®÷ߧ«√‡πâπ°“√

· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß»‘≈ª–·≈–°‘®°√√¡»‘≈ª–¿“…“¡“°°«à“Ցߥâ“π

§ÿ≥¿“滑≈ª¿—≥±å.

‡¥Á°‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¬“°¡—°¥âÕ¬∑“ß°“√Õà“π°“√‡¢’¬π ∑—ÈßÊ∑’ˇªìπ

‡¥Á°©≈“¥ ®÷ß¡—°‚¡‚Àμ—«‡Õß«à“‡ªìπ§π‚ßà ·≈–‡°‘¥ªí≠À“¥â“π æƒμ‘°√√¡ ∑”„Àâ∑ÿ°¢å„®‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢“¥°“√®Ÿß„®. „π‡√◊ËÕßπ’È §√Ÿ

®–μâÕßÀ“«‘∏’„À¡àʇæ◊ËÕ„À≥âº≈°“√ Õπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ‘Ëß∑â“∑“¬.

‡¥Á°ªí≠À“¥â“πæƒμ‘°√√¡ ‡¥Á°°≈ÿà¡π’ȇªìπæ«°¥◊ÈÕ√—Èπ ®–

ªØ‘‡ ∏°‘®°√√¡·≈–Õ“®°àÕ§«“¡«ÿà𫓬 ·μà à«π„À≠à¡’§«“¡

©≈“¥‡©≈’¬«ª√°μ‘ ·≈–‰¡à¡’§«“¡∫°æ√àÕß∑“ß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ¡’

ªí≠À“ ”§—≠Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë¢“¥·√ß®Ÿß„®. ª√—™≠“∑’Ë„™â‰¥âº≈ §◊Õ ç§ÿ¡

æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ªìπª∞¡ «‘™“°“√‡ªìπ∑ÿ쑬–é π—Ëπ§◊Õ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬

°‘®°√√¡„πÀâÕ߇√’¬π¥â«¬ß“π»‘≈ª– ¥πμ√’ °“√≈–‡≈àπ ·≈–

°‘®°√√¡ ∫“¬Ê‰¡à‡§√’¬¥ ∑”„Àâ®‘μ„®ºàÕπ§≈“¬ ®π°√–∑—Ëß π—°‡√’¬π§ÿâπ°—∫∫√√¬“°“»ÀâÕ߇√’¬π. °“√„™â»‘≈ª–/»‘≈ª–

¿“…“®–™à«¬‡¥Á°°≈ÿà¡π’Ⱥà“𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߷≈–ª√– ∫°“√≥å∑’Ë  ”‡√Á®‰ª Ÿà∫√√¬“°“»∑’ˇ √‘¡ √â“ß°“√§«∫§ÿ¡μπ‡Õß·≈–

¡’ªØ‘ —¡æ—π∏å„π —ߧ¡Õ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡.

‡¥Á°æ‘°“√∑“ß°“¬ ‡¥Á°ª√–‡¿∑π’ÈμâÕß„™âÕÿª°√≥å°“√‡√’¬π

·∫∫ Û ¡‘μ‘ ·≈–¡’¢π“¥„À≠à®—∫∂◊Õ‰¥â –¥«° ‡™àπ°âÕπ¥‘π‡À𒬫

352 À√◊Õ¡’μ—«™à«¬ ‡™à𠥑π ÕÀ√◊ÕæŸà°—π·∫∫摇»…, §Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å.

°√≥’∑’ˇ¥Á°®—∫∂◊ÕÕÿª°√≥凢’¬πÀ√◊Õ«“¥‰¡à‰¥â „Àâ‡≈◊Õ°√Ÿª¿“æ

®“°π‘μ¬ “√À√◊Õ¿“æ∂à“¬ „™â· ¥ß·∑π°“√‡¢’¬π°“√«“¥.

‡¥Á°ÀŸÀπ«°À√◊ÕÀŸμ÷ß ‡¥Á°∑’Ë Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°“√‰¥â¬‘π°àÕπ√Ÿâ®—°

¿“…“ ®–‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°“√‡¢’¬π‰¥â¬“°. À“°‡¥Á°‰¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¿“…“ —≠≠“π

¬‘Ëß∑”„Àâ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ°“√‡¢’¬π¬“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ. ∑—»π»‘≈ªá “¡“√∂™à«¬

°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¿“…“ ·≈–‡¥Á°∑’Ë Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°“√‰¥â¬‘πÀ≈—߉¥â‡√’¬π√Ÿâ

¿“…“·≈â« ®–»÷°…“∑—°…–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß°“√‡¢’¬π‰¥âßà“¬°«à“.

·μà‰¡à«à“„π°√≥’„¥°Áμ“¡ °“√μ‘¥μàÕ√–À«à“ߧ√Ÿ°—∫π—°‡√’¬π®–

¬ÿà߬“°¡“° ∂ⓧ√ŸºŸâ Õπ‰¡à‰¥âºà“π°“√Ωñ°μ‘¥μàÕ°—∫‡¥Á°∑’ËÀŸ æ‘°“√¡“°àÕπ. °“√ Õ𮔇ªìπμâÕߥ”‡π‘π‡ªìπ¢—ÈπμÕπÕ¬à“ß

™—¥‡®π √à«¡°—∫·π«∑“ß®“°°“√‡ÀÁπ ‚¥¬„™â∫∑‡√’¬π¥â«¬¿“æ

‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇢Ⓞ®μ‘¥μ“¡°“√ Õπ ∑”„Àâ°“√„™â»‘≈ª–¿“…“„π‡¥Á°

æ‘°“√∑“ß°“√‰¥â¬‘π‡°‘¥§«“¡¬ÿà߬“°¡“° ·μà°Á‡ªì𧫓¡

∑â“∑“¬·°à∑—Èßπ—°‡√’¬π·≈–§√ŸºŸâ Õπ.

‡¥Á°æ‘°“√∑“ß “¬μ“ ‡¥Á°ª√–‡¿∑π’È “¡“√∂√à«¡°‘®°√√¡

¥â“π»‘≈ª–/»‘≈ª–¿“…“∑’˪√—∫„Àâ‡À¡“– ‡™àπ„™â°“√ªíôπ¥‘π

‡À𒬫·∑π°“√«“¥‡¢’¬π, °“√«“¥¿“梓«¥”¢π“¥„À≠à‡æ◊ËÕ

„Àâ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‰¥â. °“√«“¥¿“æÀ≈“° ’·≈–¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¡“° ‰¡à

‡À¡“– ”À√—∫‡¥Á°ª√–‡¿∑π’È.

Õ—π¥—∫μàÕ‰ª‡ªìπ°“√‡ πÕ°‘®°√√¡»‘≈ª–¿“…“·≈–»‘≈ª–

∑’ˇÀ¡“–·°à‡¥Á°æ‘‡»…∑’Ë°≈à“«¢â“ßμâπ.

»‘≈ª°√√¡¿“槔

·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥¿“槔»—æ∑å®–™à«¬ π—∫ πÿπ„À⇥Á°æ‘‡»…

μ√–Àπ—°§«“¡√ÿà¡√«¬¢Õß¿“…“ ·≈–™à«¬‡¥Á°‡√’¬π‰¡à‡°àß∑’Ë¡’

§«“¡®”‰¡à¥’·≈–¥âÕ¬∑—°…–°“√‡ÀÁπ. ·¡â°‘®°√√¡‡À≈à“π’ȇπâπ

°“√‡ÀÁπ ·μàÕ“®„™â°“√‰¥â¬‘π·≈–°“√ —¡º— §”™à«¬„À⇥Á°®¥®”

‚§√ß √â“ß ·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”.  à«π ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õß°‘®°√√¡

‡À≈à“π’ȧ◊Õ°“√‡¢’¬π¿“槔»—æ∑宓°∑’ˇÀÁπ.

¿“æ√Ÿª√à“ߧ”»—æ∑å °“√„À⇥Á°‡¢’¬π√Ÿª√à“ߧ”μ“¡∑’ˇÀÁπ

‰¥â¬‘π À√◊Õ§≈”√Ÿâ ÷° ‡ªìπ°“√∑â“∑“¬‡¥Á°. ¿“槔∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â§◊Õ

§”§ÿ≥»—æ∑å, §”°√‘¬“«‘‡»…≥å, ·≈–§”°‘√‘¬“ ‡æ√“–‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë

 “¡“√∂· ¥ßÕÕ°∑“ß°“√‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡À¡“¬·μ°μà“߇™àπ¿“æ

§”„π√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò · ¥ß‚¥¬¢π“¥§”, §«“¡Àπ“¢Õ߇ âπ, Õ“√¡≥å√Ÿâ  ÷° À√◊Õ ’. ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Õ“®‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√≈–‡≈àπ (‡°¡) ‡™àπ

∫Õ°„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π«“¥Õ–‰√μ“¡„®· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡ Ÿß, §«“¡‡μ’Ȭ,

·≈–§«“¡μË” ‡ªìπμâπ.

¿“槔»—æ∑å „À⇢’¬π√Ÿª¿“æ· ¥ß§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”

∫Õ° ‘ËߢÕß,  ∂“π∑’Ë,  —μ«å, ≈Ÿ°∫Õ≈, π“Ãî°“, (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ·≈–

Û). ºŸâ ÕπÕ“®√à“ß¿“æ¥â«¬‡ âπ¥‘π Õ∫“ßÊ ·≈â«„À⇥Á°∑”μàÕ

®π‡ √Á® ®–„™â»‘≈ª«— ¥ÿ„¥°Á‰¥âμ“¡μâÕß°“√. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥Á°«“¥‡ √Á®

·≈â« §√Ÿ„™â¬“ß≈∫≈∫√Õ¬√à“ßÕÕ°.  ”À√—∫‡¥Á°æ‘°“√∑“ß°“√

‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«≈–‡Õ’¬¥ μâÕß√à“ß¿“æ¢π“¥„À≠à„Àâ.

Õ¿‘∏“π¿“槔»—æ∑å ( pictionary = picture dictio-

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò μ—«Õ¬à“ß¿“槔·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ¿“æ ‘ß‚μ‚¥¬‡¥Á°ª√–∂¡ªï∑’Ë Ú

nary) „À⇥Á°∑”Àπ—ß ◊ÕÕ¿‘∏“π¿“槔»—æ∑å„π ¡ÿ¥Àπâ“«à“ß

·μà≈–Àπâ“„ àÕ—°…√‡√’¬ß®“° a ∂÷ß z ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡ ch, sh ·≈– th

∑’ËÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß·μ°μà“ß®“° c, s ·≈– t.  ”À√—∫‡¥Á°∑’ˇ∫◊ËÕßà“¬

§«√·®°°√–¥“…„Àâ∑”·μà≈–«—πæ‘¡æåÕ—°…√‰«â∑’ËÀ—«°√–¥“….

¡Õ∫π‘μ¬ “√„À⇥Á°‡≈◊Õ°√Ÿª¿“æ¡“·ª–μ‘¥„πÀπâ“°√–¥“…

μ“¡μ—«Õ—°…√∑’Ëμ√ß°—∫§”ÕÕ°‡ ’¬ß¢Õß√Ÿª¿“æ À√◊Õ∂Ⓡ¥Á°«“¥

¿“扥⠰Á„À⇥Á°«“¥¿“æ≈ß„π°√–¥“…Àπâ“∑’Ëμ√ß°—∫Õ—°…√.

À≈—ß®“°‰¥â¿“æ·≈â«„À⇥Á°‡¢’¬π –°¥§”π—Èπʉ«â ‡Àπ◊ÕÀ√◊Õ„μâ

¿“æ ´÷ËߺŸâ ÕπÕ“®™à«¬ –°¥§”„Àâ.

°“√‡¢’¬π

°àÕπ∑’ˇ¥Á°®– “¡“√∂· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥ÕÕ°∑“ß°‘®°√√¡°“√

‡¢’¬π ‡¥Á°®–μâÕß√Ÿâ®—°æ¬—≠™π–·≈– –°¥§”∫“ߧ”‰¥â ·μà‰¡à μâÕߧլ®π‡¥Á°√Ÿâ®—°§”欗≠™π–‰¥â§√∫·≈– –°¥§”‰¥â

¡“°¡“¬. °“√‡¢’¬π¢Õ߇¥Á°„À⇪ìπ‰ªμ“¡§«“¡§‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°

¢Õ߇¢“ °“√·°â‰¢„Àâ∂Ÿ°μâÕ߇ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß¿“¬À≈—ß. „π™à«ß‡√‘Ë¡μâπ μâÕߪ≈àÕ¬„À⇥Á°∑”ß“πÕ¬à“߇ √’‰¡àæ–«ß°—∫§«“¡º‘¥∂Ÿ°.

·π«§«“¡§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡§≈àÕß„π°“√‡¢’¬π ¥Ÿ‰¥â®“°‡Õ° “√

¢Õß Tiedt, Bruemmer, Lane, Stelwagon, Watanabe,

·≈– Williams.

 —¡æ—π∏¿“懠√’ °“√‡¢’¬π§”Õ∏‘∫“¬¿“懪ìπ°“√

· ¥ßÕÕ°§«“¡§‘¥Õ¬à“߇ √’. ‡¡◊ËÕ„À⇥Á°«“¥¿“æ§π  —μ«å À√◊Õ ‘ËߢÕ߉«â∑’Ë à«π∫π¢ÕßÀπâ“°√–¥“… ·≈â«„À⇢’¬π§”

Õ∏‘∫“¬¿“æμ“¡§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°π÷°§‘¥ ‚¥¬‰¡à§”π÷ß∂÷ß°“√ –°¥§”

„Àâ∂Ÿ°μâÕß ‡æ√“–À«—߇撬ߧ«“¡§‘¥μàÕ¿“æ‡∑à“π—Èπ. μâÕß·π–

„À⇢’¬πÕÕ°‰ªμ“¡§«“¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ∂â“π÷°‰¡àÕÕ°«à“®–‡¢’¬π Õ¬à“߉√ „Àâª≈àÕ¬‰«â‰¡àμâÕ߇ ’¬‡«≈“À¬ÿ¥§‘¥ „Àâºà“π‰ª‡¢’¬π

§”Õ◊Ëπ. ‡¥Á°Ê¡—°æÕ„®∑’Ëμπ “¡“√∂§‘¥§”Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥âÀ≈“¬§”

·≈–∂â“μ—Èßμâ𧔄Àâ ‡¥Á°Õ“®ºŸ°§”„À⇪ìπª√–‚¬§‰¥â (√Ÿª∑’ËÙ)

´÷Ë߇ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡¢Õß°“√‡¢’¬π· ¥ß§«“¡§‘¥.

°“√√–¥¡ ¡Õߥ⫬¿“æ ‡ªìπ°“√„À⇥Á°· ¥ß°“√·°â ªí≠À“‚¥¬„™â¿“æ. ºŸâ Õπ‡ªìπºŸâμ—Èß‚®∑¬åªí≠À“ ‡™àπ ¡’™â“ßÕ¬Ÿà

∫πÀ≈—ߧ“ ‰¡à¡’„§√√Ÿâ«à“¡—π¢÷Èπ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà‰¥â¬—ß‰ß „À⇥Á°§‘¥·≈–

«“¥¿“æ· ¥ß°“√‡Õ“™â“ß≈ß¡“®“°À≈—ߧ“. √Ÿª∑’Ë ı ‡ªìπ¿“æ

∑’ˇ¥Á°™“¬Õ“¬ÿ ˘ ¢«∫«“¥¿“æμÕ∫ªí≠À“· ¥ß°“√π”‡¡àπμ—«

πâÕ¬ÕÕ°®“°À’∫. °“√„À⇥Á°§‘¥À“«‘∏’·°âªí≠À“ πÕ°®“°

‡ªìπ°“√∫√‘À“√ ¡Õß √â“ß∑—°…– °“√√–¥¡ ¡Õߺà“π°“√«“¥

¿“懪ìπ°“√®Ÿß„®∑“߇≈◊Õ°„π°√≥’∑’ˇ¥Á°‰¡à‡μÁ¡„®À√◊Õ‡¢’¬π§”

Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¡à‰¥â.

°“√‡¢’¬π¢âÕ§«“¡√–§π¿“æ (Rhebus writing) ºŸâ·ª≈

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û μ—«Õ¬à“ß¿“æ√Ÿª√–§π ¡’μâπ‰¡â ‡°â“Õ’È À≠â“ ¥«ßÕ“∑‘μ¬å

¡◊Õ  √âÕ¬¢âÕ¡◊Õ ≈Ÿ°∫Õ≈ ·≈–π“Ãî°“ √Ÿª∑’Ë Ù · ¥ß°“√ºŸ°ª√–‚¬§®“°¿“槔μ—Èßμâπ

354

¡’ § « “ ¡ ‡ ÀÁ π «à “ ° “ √ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π · ∫ ∫ π’È § ≈â “ ¬ ° “ √ ‡ ¢’ ¬ π ¢â Õ § « “ ¡

‰ª√…≥’¬åÕ’‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘°„πªí®®ÿ∫—π. °“√‡¢’¬π·∫∫√’Àå∫—  à«π

„À≠à„™â¿“æ·∑π§”π“¡·≈–§”°√‘¬“ (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ). √Ÿª¿“æ∑’Ë„™â Õ“®«“¥¢÷Èπ‡ÕßÀ√◊Õμ—¥®“°π‘μ¬ “√. ‡√◊ËÕß√“«®“°°“√‡¢’¬π

·∫∫√’Àå∫— π’ȇªìπ∑’Ë π„®·°à∫√√¥“‡¥Á°Ê ‡æ√“–‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥Á°Õà“π

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı ¿“æ∑’ˇ¥Á°«“¥· ¥ß°“√π”‡¡àππâÕ¬ÕÕ°®“°À’∫

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ° ¿“æ· ¥ß°“√‡¢’¬π¢âÕ§«“¡√–§π¿“æ

‡√◊ËÕߢÕ߇æ◊ËÕπÊ §≈⓬‰¥â∑”°“√∂Õ¥√À— .

≈–§√Àÿàπ °“√ √â“ßÀÿàπ‡ªìπß“π‚ª√¥¢Õ߇¥Á°. ‡¥Á° “¡“√∂

 √â“ßÀÿàπ®“°∂ÿß°√–¥“…, ®“π°√–¥“…, ∂ÿ߇∑Ⓡ°à“, À√◊Õ™âÕπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë

˜). °“√ √â“ßÀÿàπ‡ªìπß“π™ÿ¥·√°∑’Ë “¡“√∂𔉪 Ÿà°“√‡¢’¬π∑’Ë  √â“ß √√§å.

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ¢ ¿“æ¢âÕ§«“¡√–§π¿“æ

you? Where did you come from?

RABBIT: Iûm Bucky Bunny. I live in the forest.

Iûm lost.

LAMP POST: I donût move much. I just stand and shine. I might know someone who can help you.

(Lamp Post shines on Parking Meter. Parking mater ticks time away.)

∫∑ π∑π“≈–§√Àÿàπ‰¡à„ à‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬§”查 ®–„ à™◊ËÕºŸâ  π∑π“·≈â«μ“¡¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬®ÿ¥§Ÿà (:) μàե⫬§” π∑π“.

‡¥Á°Ê∑’ˬ—߉¡àæ√âÕ¡∑“ß°“√‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß√“« §√ŸÕ“®‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬Õ—¥

‡ ’¬ß·≈â«π”¡“Õà“π„À⇥Á°øíß ∑”„À⇥Á°‰¥â√—∫∑√“∫∂÷ß®‘πμπ“°“√

¢Õßμπ∑’Ë®–‡¢’¬π·≈–∫—π∑÷°‰«â. ¢â“ß≈à“ßπ’ȇªìπμ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ¢’¬π

‚¥¬‡¥Á°‚√§∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å√“¬Àπ÷Ëß · ¥ß∂÷߇™“«πåªí≠≠“¢Õß

‡¥Á°√“¬π’È

RABBIT : Help! Mom! Dad! Iûm scared. I donût know my way home. Come get me! Iûm dirty and hungry.

LAMP POST: (Leans down and shine) Who are

RABBIT: Iûm lost. Can you help me?

PARKING METER: Iûm running out of time. Do you have any money? I canût help you if I run out of time.

RABBIT: Oh, no! What will I do? (rabbit trips over gabbage can)

GABBAGE CAN: Ouch! That hurt! Be more care- ful.

RABBIT: Iûm sorry. I need help to get home. Can you please help me?

GABBAGE CAN: I just collect gabbage. And Iûm too full to move.

„π∑’Ë ÿ¥‡®â“°√–μà“¬°Á°≈—∫∫â“π‰¥â ·∑â®√‘ß·≈⫇¢“Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∫â“π μ≈Õ¥‡«≈“„𧫓¡Ωíπ√⓬.

°“√ π∑π“√–À«à“ßÀÿàπÀ√◊Õ√–À«à“ߺŸâ «¡Àπâ“°“°Àÿàπ ´÷Ëß

‡ªìπ‡ ¡◊Õπ‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ∫ÿ§≈‘°À√◊Õμ—«μπ ∑”„À⇥Á°°≈â“查®“‰¥â Õ¬à“߇ √’ ‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°§π‰¡à§àլ查 ¡“查‰¥â®ãÕ¬Ê ·≈–查

 ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à°≈â“查. §√ŸμâÕߧլ°√–μÿâπ„À⇥Á°Àÿàπ查§ÿ¬°—π‰¡à„™à

‡æ’¬ß∑—°∑“¬. °“√ π∑π“¢ÕßÀÿàπ™à«¬„À⇥Á°æ—≤π“¥â“π°“√

查·≈–‡¢’¬π§” π∑π“. (√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯)

°“√åμŸπ ¡’∫∑∫“∑¥â“π°“√æ—≤π“∑—°…–°“√‡¢’¬π‡™àπ‡¥’¬«

°—∫≈–§√Àÿàπ·≈–°“√· ¥ß≈–§√. ‡√‘Ë¡„À⇥Á°«“¥¿“æ§π  —μ«åÀ√◊Õ ‘ËߢÕß À√◊Õμ—¥®“°Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æåÀ√◊Õπ‘μ¬ “√ ·≈–

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ μ—«Àÿàπ∑”®“°™âÕπ·≈–‡»…ºâ“

√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ‡¥Á° «¡Àπâ“°“°·≈â« π∑π“

356 μ‘¥‰«â∑’Ë à«π∫π¢Õß·ºàπ°√–¥“… ·≈â«„À⇥Á°‡¢’¬πÀ√◊Õ查

· ¥ß«à“¿“æ‡À≈à“π—Èπ查«à“Õ–‰√. ∂â“„™â Ú ¿“æ°Á„Àâ∂“¡«à“‡¢“

 π∑π“Õ–‰√°—𠇙àπ ¡–π“«æŸ¥°—∫·æ–. °“√°”Àπ¥ß“π

·ª≈°ª√–À≈“¥®–™à«¬„À⇥Á° π„® ·≈–𔉪 Ÿà°“√‡¢’¬π°“√

Õà“π‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ.

°«’π‘æπ∏å

°«’π‘æπ∏凪ìπ¿“æ«“¥¥â«¬∂âÕ¬§”. °«’π‘æπ∏å √â“ß¿“æ

≈—°…≥åμ“¡∑’ˇÀÁπ, √Ÿâ ÷° ·≈–‰¥â¬‘π. °«’π‘æπ∏凪ìπ∑—Èߥπμ√’ ∑’Ë

„™â∂âÕ¬§” √â“ß®—ßÀ«–‰ª°—∫°√–· ‡ ’¬ß. ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√

ª√–À¬—¥∂âÕ¬§” °«’π‘æπ∏å®÷߇ªìπ∑’Ë™◊Ëπ™Õ∫¢Õ߇¥Á°. ‡¥Á°¥âÕ¬

°“√Õà“π‡¢’¬πÕ“®æ∫«à“°“√ √â“ß°«’π‘æπ∏å πÿ° ‡æ√“–‰¡àμâÕß æŸ¥À√◊Õ‡¢’¬π¡“°‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ßÕÕ°§«“¡§‘¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷° ·≈–

°√–∑”°‘®°√√¡ ”‡√Á®‰¥â√«¥‡√Á«.

°“√∑â“∑“¬„π°“√·μàß°«’π‘æπ∏å§◊Õ°“√‡≈◊Õ°∂âÕ¬§”„Àâ

‡∑’ˬßμ√ß°—∫¿“æ≈—°…≥å„π„®ºŸâ‡¢’¬π. °“√æ—≤π“»—æ∑宓°°“√

‡ÀÁπ·≈–§«“¡§≈àÕß„π°“√‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ°“√𔉪 Ÿà°“√‡¢’¬π°«’

π‘æπ∏å. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥Á°§ÿâπ°—∫§”∑’ˇÀÁπ·≈–‰¥â¬‘π ™à«¬„À⇥Á°‡ÀÁπ

·≈–‰¥â¬‘π¿“æ≈—°…≥å¢Õß∫∑°«’.

‡¥Á°®”π«π¡“°‰¡à‰¥âμ√–Àπ—°«à“∂âÕ¬§”„π‡æ≈ß∑’Ëμπ™◊Ëπ

™Õ∫‡ªìπ°«’π‘æπ∏å. ‡æ≈ß «¥·≈–®—ßÀ«–‡μâπ°Á‡ªìπ∫∑°«’. °“√

√âÕ߇æ≈ß ·≈–°“√ «¥‡ªìπ°“√𔉪 Ÿà°“√»÷°…“°«’π‘æπ∏å ‡™àπ

°“√Õà“π∫∑‡æ≈ß≈◊Ëπ‰À≈‰ªμ“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‚¥¬‰¡à¡’‡ ’¬ß¥πμ√’,

°“√√âÕß°“√Õà“π‡π◊ÈÕ‡æ≈ß°≈àÕ¡‡¥Á°·≈–‚§≈ß°≈Õπ∑’ˇ¥Á°™Õ∫.

Àπ—ß ◊Õπà“Õà“π∑’Ë√«¡°«’π‘æπ∏凢⓰—∫»‘≈ª– √â“ߧ«“¡∫—π¥“≈

„®„À⇥Á°∑√“∫´÷Èß„π∫∑‚§≈ß°≈Õ𠇙àπ Àπ—ß ◊Õ π∑π“°—∫

¥«ßÕ“∑‘μ¬å ¢Õß Koch & Farrell ´÷Ëß√«¡∫∑°«’π‘æπ∏å·≈–

ß“π»‘≈ª–®“°æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å»‘≈ª– ‡ªìπ·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’Ë¥’‡≈‘» ”À√—∫

Àπ—ß ◊Õ°«’π‘æπ∏å¢Õß™—Èπ‡√’¬π.

 √ÿª«à“ °«’π‘æπ∏凪ìπ√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷ËߢÕß»‘≈ª°√√¡ °“√

√—ß √√§å∫∑°«’√Ÿª·∫∫μà“ßÊ °Á§◊Õ°“√«“¥¿“æ¥â«¬∂âÕ¬§” ´÷Ëß

§«“¡‰æ‡√“–‡ª√’¬∫‰¥â°—∫ ÿπ∑√’¬¿“æ¢Õß¿“æ«“¥. °«’π‘æπ∏å

‡ªìπ¿“…“ —≠≈—°…≥å∑’Ë “¡“√∂· ¥ßÕÕ°§«“¡„π„®‰¥â‡™àπ

‡¥’¬«°—∫¿“æ«“¥.

∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡

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Ú. Anderson FE. Becoming, being and expressing through art. San Francisco, CA.: Abbey Gate Press; 1993.

Û. Florida Times-Union. The heart and soul of the muppets is gone.

May 18, 1990. p. 1.

Ù. Florida Times-Union. The muppet man. May 17, 1990. p. 2.

ı. Fuller MJ, Pribble DA. çCartooning,é drawing the line in art and social studies. Art Education 1982;35:9-11.

ˆ. Koch K, Farrell K. Talking to the sun. New York: Henry Holt;

1985.

˜. Oino CL. RX for formula poetry in the content area. A curriculum guide from the School Board of Volusia County, P.O.Box 1910, Daytona Beacg, FL 32015.; 1983.

¯. Tiedt IM, Bruemmer SS, Lane S, Stelwagon P, Watanabe KO, Williams MY. Teachning writing in K-8 classrooms. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1983.

¢Õ¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥ ¥√.ø√“π‡»  ‡Õø.Õ’. ·Õπ‡¥Õ√å —π π—°»‘≈ª»÷°…“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√—∞Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬ å  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“∑’Ë°√ÿ≥“¡Õ∫·≈–Õπÿ≠“μ„Àâ·ª≈Àπ—ß ◊Õ Art-centered Education and Therapy for Chil- dren with Disabilities.