º≈¢Õ߉´‡æÕ√凡∑√‘π„π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ° µàÕ§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‚¶≈’π‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à (Gallus domesticus)

√“¬ß“π —Èπ

º≈¢Õ߉´‡æÕ√凡∑√‘π„π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ° µàÕ§à“°“√

∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‚¶≈’π‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à (Gallus domesticus)

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^1*

π‘«—µ√ ®—π∑√廑√‘æ√™—¬

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®‘‚√® »»‘ª√’¬®—π∑√å

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Abstract

Piyarat Chansiripornchai ^1* Niwat Chansiripornchai ² Jiroj Sasipreeyajan²

THE EFFECT OF CYPERMETHRIN ON LAYING CHICKS

(GALLUS DOMESTICUS) WHEN USED AT THERAPEUTIC DOSES FOR ECTOPARASITIC TREATMENT, BY MEASURING SERUM CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY

The effect of cypermethrin at therapeutic doses for ectoparasitic treatment in laying chicks was evaluated by the measurement of serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity. The chicks were divided into 5 groups, 20 in each group. All chicks in groups 2 and 3 were bathed with 0.05 ppm cypermethrin for 2 min, while the chicks in group 4 and 5 were bathed with 200 ppm cypermethrin for 2 min. Group 1 acted as a control group. Serum ChE activity in all the chicks in groups 2 and 4 were measured 24 hr after exposure. ChE activity in the chicks in groups 3 and 5 were measured 96 hr after exposure. A significant reduction of serum ChE activity was founded in group 4 (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. There were no clinical signs in any chicks throughout the experiment.

The result suggests that a sublethal effect occurs when cypermethrin, at the dosage of 200 ppm, is used for the treament of chick ectoparasitic disease.

Keywords : laying chicks, cypermethrin, cholinesterase enzyme

1Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, ²Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330

*Corresponding author

1¿“§«‘™“‡¿ —™«‘∑¬“ ²¿“§«‘™“Õ“¬ÿ√»“ µ√å §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ª∑ÿ¡«—π °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10330

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‚¶≈’π‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à (Gallus domesticus)

ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õ߉´‡æÕ√凡∑√‘π„π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ° ‚¥¬°“√µ√«®«—¥°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß

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µ√«®«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‚¶≈’π‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à·µà≈–µ—« „π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 4 ·≈–„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 5 ∑’Ë 24 ·≈– 96

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º≈°“√»÷°…“· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…∑’ˉ¡à∑”„À≰൓¬‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â√—∫‰´‡æÕ√凡∑√‘π‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°„π¢π“¥ 200 æ’æ’‡ÕÁ¡

§” ”§—≠ : ‰°à‰¢à ‰´‡æÕ√凡∑√‘π ‡Õπ‰´¡å‚¶≈’π‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ 

∫∑π”

cypermethrin ‡ªìπ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß∑’Ë®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡

pyrethroid  —߇§√“–Àå¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„πªï §.». 1974 cypermethrin ‡ªìπ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß

∑—Ë«‚≈° ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß°≈ÿà¡ pyrethroid ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ æ‘…µË”„π —µ«å‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°¥â«¬π¡ (Elliott, 1989) πÕ°®“°π’È cypermethrin ¬—ß∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß‚§√ß √â“ß∑“߇§¡’‰¥âÕ¬à“ß

√«¥‡√Á«„πµ—∫¢Õß —µ«å‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°¥â«¬π¡‰¥â‡ªìπ “√∑’ˉ¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π

√Ÿª¢Õß pyrethroid ®÷߉¡à‡ªìπæ‘…µàÕ√à“ß°“¬ ∑”„Àâ≈¥‚Õ°“ 

°“√‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬®“°°“√„™â “√™π‘¥π’ȉ¥â¡“°°«à“ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß

°≈ÿà¡Õ◊ËπÊ (OûMalley, 1997) ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡’°“√‡‡∫àß “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß

°≈ÿà¡ pyrethroid ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ type I ·≈– type II ´÷Ëß type I ‡ªìπ™π‘¥∑’ˉ¡à¡’ cyano group „π‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ µ—«Õ¬à“ß “√

„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȧ◊Õ permethrin ‚¥¬ “√°≈ÿà¡π’È®–¡’ƒ∑∏‘ϵàÕ√–∫∫

ª√– “∑µË”°«à“ type II ´÷Ë߇ªìπ pyrethroid ∑’Ë¡’ cyano group µ—«Õ¬à“ß “√„π°≈ÿà¡π’ȧ◊Õ cypermethrin ‡‡≈– deltamethrin (Leibowitz et al., 1987) pyrethroid ∑—Èß 2 °≈ÿà¡ ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï

°√–µÿâπ°“√ àß°√–· ª√– “∑‚¥¬ type I ®–∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√™≈Õ

°“√ªî¥¢Õß sodium channels ∑”„À⇰‘¥ depolarization ‡°‘¥

°“√°√–µÿâπ°“√ àß°√–· ª√– “∑Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß  ”À√—∫ type

II π—Èπ πÕ°®“°¡’º≈∑”„À⇰‘¥ depolarization ∑’Ë synaptic membrane ·≈⫬—ß¡’º≈‡æ‘Ë¡ “√ ◊ËÕª√– “∑æ«° acetylcholine (ACh) ·≈– dopamine ¥â«¬ (Eells and Dubocovich, 1988)

„π¥â“πÕ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°¢Õߧ«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…∑’ˇ°‘¥®“° type I ·≈–

type II ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π°≈à“«§◊Õ type I ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√µ◊Ëπ µ—«·≈–µ—« —Ëπ„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß „π¢≥–∑’Ë type II ∑”„À⇰‘¥

Õ“°“√¢Õß°“√°√–µÿâπ√–∫∫ª√– “∑∑’Ë√ÿπ·√ß°«à“‚¥¬®–∑”„Àâ

¡’πÈ”≈“¬‰À≈¡“° µ◊Ëπµ—«·≈–™—° (Ray and Forshaw, 2000)

¡’°“√»÷°…“„π·¡≈ß “∫∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ cypermethrin ¢π“¥ 0.002 ppb æ∫«à“∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√∑“ߪ√– “∑„π·¡≈ß “∫ §◊Õ µ◊Ëπ µ—« ‡¥‘π‰¡à —¡æ—π∏å°—π·≈–‡ªìπÕ—¡æ“µ„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ (Gammon, 1981) º≈¢Õß cypermethrin „πÀπŸ¢“«∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ “√¢π“¥ 0.03 ppb æ∫«à“∑”„Àâµ—« —Ëπ πÈ”≈“¬‰À≈·≈–™—° (Cantalamessa, 1993)

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß cypermethrin ¡’°“√»÷°…“°—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß

„π —µ«åπÈ” ‡π◊ËÕß®“°æ∫«à“ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß°≈ÿà¡ pyrethroid ¡’

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘… Ÿß„π —µ«åπÈ” (Miller and Adams, 1986)

„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’°“√π” cypermethrin ¡“„™â„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡

°“√‡≈’Ȭ߉°à ‚¥¬π”¡“„™â‡ªì𬓮ÿà¡À√◊Õæàπ∫πµ—«‰°à‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥

ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ° ‡™àπ ‰√ (Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bursa) ·≈– ‡À“ (Lipeurus caponis) µ“¡¢π“¥ª°µ‘¢Õß

cypermethrin ∑’Ë·π–π”„Àâ„™â®ÿà¡À√◊Õæàπ∫πµ—«‰°à®π‡ªï¬°∂÷ß º‘«Àπ—߇æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ° §◊Õ 0.05 ppm (Arends, 1997)

·µà„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘®√‘ßæ∫«à“‡°…µ√°√ à«π„À≠à„™â “√π’È„π¢π“¥

∑’Ë Ÿß∂÷ß 200 ppm ´÷Ëß°“√„™â„π≈—°…≥–¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ°“√„™â„π

≈—°…≥– extra label use ´÷Ë߬—߉¡à¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑’ˇ撬ßæÕ

‡°’ˬ«°—∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õ߬“∑’ËÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â

°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√°”®—¥·¡≈ßÀ√◊Õ “√„¥Ê

‚¥¬ —߇°µ®“°§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘¿“¬πÕ°¢Õß —µ«å∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°À√◊Õ

®“°°“√µ“¬¢Õß —µ«å ‰¡à„™àµ—«∫àß™’È∑’Ë®–∫Õ°‰¥â«à“ “√π—ÈπÊ ¡’

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…À√◊Õ‰¡à ‡æ√“– —µ«åÕ“®‰¡à· ¥ßÕ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°

∑’Ë™—¥‡®π·µàÕ“®¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„π√–∫∫µà“ßÊ ¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ‡™àπ

°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧà“∑“ß™’«‡§¡’ À√◊Õ‡Õπ‰´¡å ∫“ß™π‘¥„π√à“¬°“¬

´÷ËßÕ“®æ—≤π“®π‡°‘¥Õ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°∑’Ë™—¥‡®π‰¥â„π∑’Ë ÿ¥

‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑√“∫°—π¥’«à“°“√µ√«®«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇ÕÁπ‰´¡å cholinesterase (ChE) ‡ªìπµ—«∫àß™’È∑“ß™’«¿“æ (biomarker) ¢Õß

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…¢Õß “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß°≈ÿࡵà“ßÊ §◊Õ organophosphates (OP) carbamates ·≈– pyrethroids ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß

°≈ÿࡵà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ϭ—∫¬—Èß°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE (Balint et al., 1995; Halbrook et al., 1992) ¡’°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡

ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õß trichlorfon ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß°≈ÿà¡ OP (√—ß ‘«√√≥ ·≈–§≥–, 2546) ·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õß trifluralin ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√°”®—¥«—™æ◊™°≈ÿà¡ nitroanilines (¿“≥ÿæß»å

·≈–§≥–, 2547) „π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°„π ª≈“§“√åæ·≈–°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‚¥¬°“√µ√«®«—¥§à“°“√

∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE æ∫«à“§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ≈¥≈ß„π¢≥–

∑’Ë —µ«å¬—߉¡à· ¥ßÕ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߺ≈¢Õß  “√∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥µàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ß™’«‡§¡’¢Õß√à“ß°“¬∑’Ë

· ¥ßÕÕ°‰¥âÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«°«à“Õ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°

° “ √ »÷ ° … “ § √—È ß π’È ¡’ «— µ ∂ÿ ª √ –   ß §å ‡ æ◊Ë Õ »÷ ° … “ º ≈ ¢ Õ ß cypermethrin µàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π

‰°à‰¢à¿“¬À≈—߉¥â√—∫ cypermethrin „π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ

¿“¬πÕ°

«— ¥ÿ·≈–«‘∏’°“√

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‡ªìπ 5 °≈ÿà¡Ê≈– 20 µ—« ·¬°‡≈’Ȭ߄π°√߇≈’Ȭ߉°à∑¥≈Õß ¡’

Õ“À“√ ·≈–πÈ” –Õ“¥„Àâ°‘πµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ‡≈’Ȭ߉°à„π°√ßπ’ȇªìπ

‡«≈“ 1  —ª¥“Àå°àÕπ°“√∑¥≈Õß ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≰àª√—∫ ¿“æ„À⇢â“

°—∫ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√

„π«—π‡√‘Ë¡°“√∑¥≈Õß„À≰à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 1 ‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â√—∫

cypermethrin ‡®“–‡≈◊Õ¥‰°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 1 „π«—π‡√‘Ë¡°“√∑¥≈Õß (D

0)

‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪µ√«®«—¥§à“ª°µ‘¢Õß ChE ‰°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2, 3, 4 ·≈– 5

‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡∑¥≈Õß∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ cypermethrin ‚¥¬«‘∏’°“√®ÿࡵ—« (bathed exposure) ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 2 π“∑’/µ—« ®ÿࡉ°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 3 „π cypermethrin ¢π“¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.05 ppm ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢π“¥¬“

∑’Ë¡’·À≈àßÕâ“ßÕ‘ß (Arends, 1997) ®ÿࡉ°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 4 ·≈– 5 „π cypermethrin ¢π“¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 200 ppm ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢π“¥¬“∑’Ë

‡°…µ√°√π‘¬¡„™âªØ‘∫—µ‘„πø“√å¡ (¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°°“√µ‘¥µàÕ à«πµ—«)

‡®“–‡≈◊Õ¥‰°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 4 ∑’Ë 24 ™¡. À≈—ß°“√ —¡º—  “√

·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 5 ∑’Ë 96 ™¡. À≈—ß°“√ —¡º—  “√‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 µ√«®«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE

·¬°‡°Á∫´’√—Ë¡®“°‡≈◊Õ¥‰°à∑ÿ°µ—«π”‰ª«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π

¢Õß ChE ‚¥¬ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â«‘∏’°“√¢Õß Ellman ·≈–§≥– (1961)

·≈– Harlin ·≈– Ross (1990) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ß

∑“ß ∂‘µ‘¢Õß§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ¥â«¬«‘∏’ ANOVA ‚¥¬

‚ª√·°√¡ SPSS for Window version 11.0 ∑’Ë p<0.05

«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«π·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ß

√–À«à“ß°≈ÿࡥ⫬«‘∏’ StudentûT test ∑’Ë p < 0.05

»÷°…“§«“¡§ßµ—«¢Õß ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à ‚¥¬«—¥§à“°“√

∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‰°àª°µ‘∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â —¡º—  “√À≈—ß®“°

‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß´’√—Ë¡‰«â∑’Ë -20^o´. ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 24 48 ·≈– 72 ™¡.

‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à∑’Ë√–¬–‡«≈“ µà“ßÊ

∑“ß ∂‘µ‘‚¥¬„™â ANOVA ∑’Ë p<0.05

º≈‡‡≈–«‘®“√≥å

§«“¡§ßµ—«¢Õß ChE „πµ—«Õ¬à“ß´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à

‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „πµ—«Õ¬à“ß´’

√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à‚¥¬«—¥À≈—ß®“°‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“߉«â∑’Ë -20^o´. ‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π 24 48 ·≈– 72 ™¡. æ∫«à“§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ‰¡à¡’§«“¡

·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1)

¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È®÷ß “¡“√∂‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰«â∑’Ë -20^o´.

‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 24 48 ·≈– 72 ™¡. ‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ§à“°“√∑”ß“π

¢Õß ChE °“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡§ßµ—«¢Õ߇ÕÁπ‰´¡å ChE „π´’√—Ë¡

‡ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°√≥’∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂µ√«®«—¥§à“

°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇ÕÁπ‰´¡å„À⇠√Á®¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“Õ—π —Èπ·≈–

®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß´’√—Ë¡‰«â°àÕπ „π°“√µ√«®«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π

¢Õß ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë -20^o´. ‡ªìπ‡«≈“

π“π 24 48 ·≈– 72 ™¡. æ∫«à“§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π

´’√—Ë¡‰°à¡’§«“¡§ßµ—«π“π∂÷ß 72 ™¡. ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à‡¡◊ËÕ«—¥À≈—ß®“°‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë -20^o´. ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 24 48 ·≈– 72 ™¡.

®”π«π‰°à„π°≈ÿà¡ √–¬–‡«≈“ (™¡.) §à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE* (mean ± SD)

20 24 685.25 ± 70.22

20 48 672.74 ± 62.31

20 72 670.81 ± 72.01

*Àπ૬‡ªìπ micromole of substrate hydrolyzed min^-1 ml^-1

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 §à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‰°à‰¢à¢Õß°≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑¥≈Õß ‡¡◊ËÕ —¡º—  cypermethrin „π¢π“¥

√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°

°≈ÿà¡ n §à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE* (mean ± SD) 1 (0 ppm, µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 0 ™¡. °àÕπ°“√∑¥≈Õß) 20 627.43 ± 102.92⁽¹⁾ 2 (0.05 ppm, µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 24 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√) 20 565.87 ± 100.71 3 (0.05 ppm, µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 96 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√) 20 614.40 ± 102.33 4 (200 ppm, µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 24 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√) 20 509.04 ± 122.06^a 5 (200 ppm, µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 96 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√) 20 666.49 ± 77.68⁽²⁾

*Àπ૬‡ªìπ micromole of substrate hydrolyzed min^-1 ml^-1

a·µ°µà“ß®“° (1) ·≈– (2) Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05)

∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫°≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â —¡º—  “√·≈–

°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 5 ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫ “√¢π“¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢â¡ 200 ppm ·≈–µ√«®

«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ∑’Ë 96 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√ (p<0.05) (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) °“√≈¥≈ߢÕß ChE ‡ªìπº≈¡“®“° “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß

°≈ÿà¡ pyrethroid ∑’Ë¡’º≈≈¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π —µ«å∑’Ë  —¡º—  “√π’ȉ¥â ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß°≈ÿà¡ cholinesterase inhibitors Õ◊ËπÊ §◊Õ OP ·≈– carbamates ‚¥¬ pyrethroid ®–

‡¢â“®—∫∫√‘‡«≥ hydrophobic aromatic surface ¢Õß ChE ∑”

„Àâ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë acetylcholine (ACh) ®–‡¢â“®—∫°—∫ ChE ≈¥≈ß ∑”„Àâ ChE ∑”ß“π‰¥â≈¥≈߇π◊ËÕß®“°∫√‘‡«≥„π°“√‡¢â“®—∫°—∫ ACh ≈¥≈ß (Rao, G.V. and Rao, K.S.J., 1995) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§à“°“√∑”ß“π

¢Õß ChE ∑’Ë≈¥≈ßπ’È “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°≈—∫‡¢â“ Ÿà√–¥—∫ª°µ‘‰¥â∑’Ë 96 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√ ¥—ß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE

„π‰°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 5 ∑’Ë¡’§à“‰¡à·µ°µà“ß®“°‰°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 1 (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߺ≈¢Õß cypermethrin „π¢π“¥

200 ppm ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ≈¥≈ßµ—Èß·µà∑’Ë 24

™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√ ·µà§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡

¢÷Èπ Ÿà√–¥—∫ª°µ‘‰¥â∑’Ë 96 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√ º≈°“√»÷°…“π’È  Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„π‚§-°√–∫◊Õ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ cypermethrin

√—ß ‘«√√≥ ·≈–§≥– (2546) ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ “¡“√∂‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß´’

√—Ë¡ª≈“§“√å扫â∑’Ë -20^o´. ‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π 72 ™¡. ‚¥¬‰¡à¡’º≈

µàÕ§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ¡’√“¬ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫§«“¡§ßµ—«¢Õß ChE ‡™àπ ChE „π‡≈◊Õ¥¢Õß —µ«å‡≈’Ȭß≈Ÿ°¥â«¬π¡®–§ßµ—«Õ¬Ÿà‰¥â À≈“¬ —ª¥“Àå∂Ⓡ°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë 0-5^o´. ·≈– ChE „πæ≈“ ¡à“

§ßµ—«Õ¬Ÿà‰¥âπ“πÀ≈“¬‡¥◊Õπ∂Ⓡ°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë 0^o´. (Osweiler et al., 1985)

º≈¢Õß cypermethrin µàÕ§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π´’√—Ë¡

䡈䢈

‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ‰°à‰¢à —¡º—  cypermethrin „π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“

‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ß°—π §◊Õ 0.05 ·≈– 200 ppm æ∫«à“‰¡à¡’‰°àµ—«„¥„π°≈ÿà¡∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë —¡º—  “√‡‡ ¥ß Õ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°∑’˺‘¥ª°µ‘ ‰°à¬—ߧߡ’惵‘°√√¡°“√°‘π‡‡≈–

°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫‰°à„π°≈ÿࡧ«∫§ÿ¡∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â —¡º— 

 “√ ‡¡◊ËÕ«—¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE ∑’ˇ«≈“µà“ß°—π §◊Õ 24 ·≈–

96 ™¡. ¿“¬À≈—ß —¡º—  “√æ∫«à“§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE „π

‰°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 4 ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫ cypermethrin „π¢π“¥ 200 ppm ·≈–

µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 24 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√¡’§à“≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠

‡æ◊ËÕ°“√°”®—¥‡ÀÁ∫ (Boophilus microplus) ‚¥¬æ∫«à“

cypermethrin ∑”„Àâ ChE „π´’√—Ë¡‚§-°√–∫◊Õ≈¥≈ß„π™à«ß·√°

¢Õß°“√∑¥≈Õß·≈– Ÿß¢÷Èπ Ÿà§à“ª°µ‘‰¥â¿“¬„π 7 «—πÀ≈—ß —¡º— 

 “√ (Ansari et al., 1990) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡‰¡àæ∫°“√≈¥≈ߢÕß

§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘„π‰°à °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 3 ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫ —¡º—  cypermethrin ¢π“¥ 0.05 ppm ‡¡◊ËÕ µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë 24 ·≈– 96 ™¡. À≈—ß —¡º—  “√ ´÷Ë߉°à∑—Èß 2 °≈ÿà¡

π’ȉ¥â√—∫ cypermethrin „π¢π“¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë·π–𔵓¡

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßՑ߉«â«à“‡ªìπ¢π“¥¬“∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ

¿“¬πÕ°‰¥âº≈¥’·≈–¡’§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬µàÕµ—«‰°à (Arends, 1997)

„π¢≥–∑’ˉ°à°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 4 ´÷Ëß —¡º—  “√„π√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë

‡°…µ√°√ªØ‘∫—µ‘®√‘ß„π°“√„™â cypermethrin ®ÿࡵ—«‰°à‡æ◊ËÕ

°”®—¥ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°§◊Õ 200 ppm ‡©æ“–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë —¡º—  “√

24 ™¡.æ∫«à“∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âππ’È¡’º≈≈¥§à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ChE

„π‰°à°≈ÿà¡¥—ß°≈à“«Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ º≈°“√»÷°…“™’È„Àâ

‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥Õ—πµ√“¬À√◊Õº≈°√–∑∫µàÕ√à“ß°“¬

®“°°“√„™â¬“À√◊Õ “√‡§¡’„π¢π“¥ Ÿß°«à“∑’Ë¡’§”·π–π”®“°

·À≈àß∑’ˇ™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ‰¥â

∂÷ß·¡â«à“ “√°”®—¥·¡≈ß°≈ÿà¡ pyrethroid ‡™àπ cypermethrin ®–¡’§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…µË”„π —µ«å∫°·µà “√°≈ÿà¡π’È¡’

§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘… Ÿß„π —µ«åπÈ” ·≈– —µ«å®”æ«°·¡≈ß (Ray and Forshaw, 2000) ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√„™â cypermrthrin „π¢π“¥ Ÿß‡°‘π

§«“¡®”‡ªìπÕ“®‡°‘¥º≈°√–∑∫„π¥â“π°“√‡ªìπ “√µ°§â“߇¢â“ Ÿà  ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕ ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ À√◊ÕÕ“®‡ªìπ “√

µ°§â“ß„π‰°à∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ “√§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπÕ—πµ√“¬

µàÕºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§‰¥â °“√»÷°…“∂÷ß°“√µ°§â“ߢÕß cypermethrin

¿“¬À≈—ß°“√„™â‡ªìπ¬“√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°„π‰°à‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë πà“ π„®„π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª

°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»

¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ °Õß∑ÿπ ç∑ÿπæ—≤π“Õ“®“√¬å„À¡à 2547é

°Õß∑ÿπ√—™¥“¿‘‡…° ¡‚¿™ ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ „π°“√

 π—∫ πÿπ∑ÿπ«‘®—¬

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

¿“≥ÿæß»å ‡™“«π‘™ Õ¿‘√—° ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈° √ÿ®‘√“ · ßÕ√—≠ ≈‘≈“

‡√◊Õß·ªÑ𠇮ππÿ™ «àÕß∏«—™™—¬ ªî¬–√—µπå ®—π∑√廑√‘æ√™—¬.

2004 (2547). §à“°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ–´’∑‘≈‚¶≈’π-

‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ ·≈–®”π«π‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”

∑’Ë —¡º— ‰µ√ø≈Ÿ√“≈‘π„π¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°.

‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å 34(1): 91-97

√—ß ‘«√√≥ ‡æ™√Õ‘π∑√å √ÿ®‘√“ ∏√√¡¡“ Õÿ∫≈√—µπå π‘¡‘µ‰µ√∑‘æ¬å

‡®ππÿ™ «àÕß∏«—™™—¬ ªî¬–√—µπå ®—π∑√廑√‘æ√™—¬. 2003 (2546). °“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õ߉µ√§≈ÕøÕπ„π

¢π“¥∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§ª√ ‘µ¿“¬πÕ°‚¥¬°“√µ√«®«—¥°“√

∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‚¶≈’π‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ „π´’√—Ë¡ª≈“§“√åæ (Cyprinus carpio). ‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å 33(1): 45-49.

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Cantalamessa, F. 1993. Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin, in neonatal and adult rats. Archives Toxicol. 67(7): 510- 513.

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Halbrook, R.S., Shagart, L.R., Watson, A.P., Munro, N.B.

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714-725.

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Leibowitz, M.D., Schwarz, J.R., Holan, G. and Hille, B.

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