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A STUDY OF CRITICAL READING ABILITY IN ENGLISH OF THE THIRD YEAR ENGLISH BUSINESS COMMUNICATION STUDENTS IN
PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
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Research Title: A Study of Critical Reading Ability in English of the Third Year English Business Communication Students in Private Higher Education Institutions
Name of Researcher: Juthamas Sukontha
Name of Institution: Liberal Arts Faculty, Sripatum University Year of Publication: B.E. 2550
______________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to study the critical reading ability in English of the third year English Business Communication students in private higher education institutions in 2006 academic year.
The subjects were 326 students selected by judgment sampling from 9 universities. The instruments were English critical reading ability test and questionnaire about learning to read English through communicative approach constructed by the researcher. The reliability of the test and questionnaire were .70 and .86 respectively. The data were analyzed by means of arithmetic mean, percentage of arithmetic mean, t-test for dependent sample and Pearson product moment correlation.
The findings were that students had critical reading ability at the minimum norm level with an average percentage of 51.81. The critical reading skill that students possessed the most was distinguishing fact and opinion (72.40%), the next was recognizing authorvs purpose (51.45%). The other three skills: recognizing authorvs writing patterns evaluating authorvs attitude and tone and making inferences were below the minimum norm level with the average percentages of 49.32, 43.86 and 42.09 respectively.
Keywords: Critical Reading, Teaching Reading Communicatively, English Reading
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Ru = 2)3&4*3 RL = 2)4&4*3
f = /42,2)
1.2 340/ (D) D = Ru + RL
f
Ru = 2)3&4*3 RL = 2)4&4*3
f = /42,2)
1.3 340$/**&+*$ Cronbachsi alpha Coefficient
r = K 1 - ΣSi2 K o 1 S2t r = $/**&+*
si2 = /$$-*/42,$-
S2t = /$,/$/**&+*&
Q**
S+ 0/$,//42,$-/2,,/6+-34 s2 = NΣx2 o (Σx)2
NxN
s2 = /$,/
N = 2)4
X = ,/*$
2. 4&-+,&/2,,0#$-32
2.1 340k2$"40Q2 (Arithmetic Mean) X = ΣX
N
X = Q2 $,/&&&6+-/**&+*
ΣX = H2*$,/$/42, N =
2.2 340k2$"4+- 2,
k2$"4+- 2, = k2$"4 X 100 ,/4N 2.3 340- 2, (percentage of frequency)
pc = Σf x 100 n pc = - 2,
f = w4$$-32
n = 2)4
2.4 34 *& *Q2 ,0*2)"4/+ +- t-test t =
x
1 -x
2(n1 o 1) S12 + (n2 o 1) S22 1 + 1 n1+ n2 o 2 n1+ n2 t = Q2 $&2)
x
1 = Q2 $2),/3x
2 = Q2 $2),/4S1 = /$2),/3
S2 = /$2),/4
n1 = ,/3
n2 = ,/4
2.5 34,&(x(#H23"$ # S+S&# (Pearson Product Moment)
rsy = NΣxy - ΣxΣy
[ NΣxy2 o (Σx)2] [NΣy2 o (Σy)2
rsy = ,&(x0(#
Σx = H2$,/4/& 1 Σy = H2$,/4/& 2
NΣx2 = H23",0&0+*
H2$,/4/& 1 2 NΣy2 = H23",0&0+*
H2$,/4/& 2 2 ΣxΣy = H23",0H2$,/4/& 1
*H2$,/4/& 2
NΣx = H23",0&0+*
H2$H23",0,/4/& 1
*,/4/& 2 2.6 34&+* 5 r
Ór = 1 o r N
Ór = 4&-" 5
$,&(x0(#
r = ,&(x0(#
N = 4 ,
!"#$
%#&' 3 %#!")*+# ) , - *.* #$%#&' 3 %#
!")*+# '-/,0.
!"#$ 0.,0'1 !"#
$ 2,*. % 3#&' 3 %#!"
)*+# 9 0, 2 326 7+80 ,' . ' ,' . )*$9 ,' . :, ,' . ' ,' . ,87' ,' . ,' . *$9 ,' . 0.,' . :2.
; & 2549 >+ 0**$/$
2,*'#8 *+8 0***?;8 *
!"0 1 A** 0.0**'+*
!"#$'?;8 8% 1 A** >+ $9B+
+
80 E 100 + 70 E 79 +
60 E 69 .
50 E 59 ? $9%2 0 E 49 7 ? $9%2 ?.,%8;. *+8 4
1 ?.,%8;.'7%
2 ?.,*$ !"
3 ?., #$%#&' 3 %#!")*+#
4 ?. *' *0 , . '+*0;
0.+*02
1 ?.,%8;.'7%
?.,%8;.'7%#&' 3 %#!")
*+# 9 0, 'G+,.;//%!" ,' . ' ,' . *$9 ,' . ,' . :, ,' . ,' . )*$9 ,' . ' ,' . 0.,' . ,8 7' :?.,%8;.'7% *+8 1 2 #' !" !"#$ 2,* . +%?., + 7
1 "# $ %& '"# (%
(% "#
# 59 18.10
,/ 267 81.90
326 100.00
?.,%8;. 20 * ,/ 3,/
# >+ 3# 2 59 +38 . 18.10 0.3 ,/ 2 267 +38 . 81.90
2 "# $ %& '"# ,
, "#
2 20 & 134 41.10 20 - 25 & 190 58.28 26 - 30 & 2 0.61
326 100.00
?.,%8;. 20 * ,/ ; , 20 - 25 & 2 190 +38 . 58.28 . 2 20 & 2 134 +38 . 41.10 ' ' , 26 - 30 & 2 +38 . 0.61 .2+*
3 "# $ %& '"# ,- %& ' %& ' ,- %& ' %& ' "#
) . 222 68.10
#. 98 30.06
. 3 0.92
. 3 0.92
326 100.00
?.,%8;. 201 %8 * ,/ 1) . %8 2 222 +38 . 68.10 .31
#. 2 98 +38 . 30.06 '1 . 0. . ' 2 3 +38 . 0.92 .2+*
4 "# $ %& '"# "#.'$ /'
"#.'$ /' "#
2 10 # 123 37.73
10 #%7 203 62.27
326 100.00
?.,%8;. 202 #' !" * ,/ 2 #' !" 10 #%7 2 203 +38 . 62.27 '2 #' !"2 10 # 2 123 + 38 . 37.73
5 "# $ %& '"# .'$ /'"1 .'$ /'"1 "#
77 23.62
7 249 76.38
326 100.00
7 !"#$ 2 249 +38 . 76.38 ' !"#$ 77 +38 . 23.62
2 ?.,*$ !"
?.,*$ !" *+8 2?;8
# .$%*' ' ,8 (Pre-reading activities)
%$ (While-reading activities) 0.,. (Post-reading activities) 2,* . +%?.,+ 7
6 "# $ %& '"# 2$3
"#2$3 "#
2 20 64 19.63
20 E 30 23 7.06
31 E 40 0 0
41 E 60 198 60.74
60 %7 41 12.58
326 100.00
?.,%8;. 20?;8 # * ,/
; ,8 ' 2 41-60 +38 . 60.74
6 72 2
$ '1
7,8 9 7,8 5 9:;
1. #
58 (17.79)
183 (56.13)
54 (16.56)
27 (8.28)
4
(1.23) 2.1902 43.80 2.+, 7$ *
105 (32.21)
150 (46.01)
58 (17.79)
11 (3.37)
2
(0.61) 1.9417 38.83 3.,
(*'>\$ >0,. ].] ) 186 (57.06)
37 (11.35)
35 (10.74)
42 (12.88)
26
(7.98) 2.0337 40.67 4.;
168 (51.53)
93 (28.53)
45 (13.80)
13 (3.99)
7
(2.15) 1.7669 35.34 5.'#
104 (31.90)
64 (19.63)
84 (25.77)
56 (17.18)
18
(5.52) 2.4479 48.96 6.0? . (> ^ ].])
41 (12.58)
61 (18.71)
73 (22.39)
149 (45.71)
2
(0.61) 3.0307 60.61 7.; ('2, ' ' ].])
43 (13.19)
94 (28.83)
125 (38.34)
61 (18.71)
3
(0.92) 2.6534 53.07 8.0?!; . 0?'
52 (15.95)
164 (50.31)
79 (24.23)
28 (8.59)
3
(0.92) 2.2822 45.64 9.+>''
28 (8.59)
191 (58.59)
62 (19.02)
35 (10.74)
10
(3.07) 2.4110 48.22 10.2 2 202
113 (34.66)
56 (17.18)
62 (19.02)
89 (27.30)
6
(1.84) 2.4448 48.90 11.0**_ ( ].])
104 (31.90)
59 (18.10)
68 (20.86)
85 (26.07)
10
(3.07) 2.5031 50.06 12.2 2 #
73 (22.39)
63 (19.33)
70 (21.47)
57 (17.48)
63
(19.33) 2.9202 58.40 5 = 2.3855 9:; = 47.71
?.,>#8*' .$ ` % * ! 0A. ' * 2.3855 >+ +3:a ' * 47.71 : 7 ? $9%2 0.$0 .!'* 0? . (> ^ ].]) ; ('2, ' ' ].]) 0**_ ( ].]) 0.2 # 0 ; # 50.06 E 60.61 :>#8 ; +*.
(*'>\$ >0,. ].] ) ; 0?!; . 0?
' +>'' 0.2 2 202 * 0 ; # 35.34 E 48.96 :>#8 ; +*7 ? $9%2 >+ A*' !'
; ' A. 2+ ' * 35.34
8 "# 5 "# "
6 72 2 "
(Pre-reading Activities)
7,8 9 7,8 5 9:;
1.+$. ,8 *' *7
>+ $,%8 ;! 0?!;**' 16 (4.91)
53 (16.26)
160 (49.08)
83 (25.46)
14
(4.29) 3.0798 61.60 2.'2 +%?;8%
45 (13.80)
108 (33.13)
88 (26.99)
83 (25.46)
2
(0.61) 2.6595 53.19 3..%8'+ ?;8% .
101 (30.98)
76 (23.31)
99 (30.37)
48 (14.72)
2
(0.61) 2.3067 46.13 4. ,a *'
29 (8.90)
29 (8.90)
186 (57.06)
67 (20.55)
15
(4.60) 3.0307 60.61 5 = 2.7692 9:; = 55.38
?.,>#8%% *
! A. ' * 2.7692 >+ +3:a ' * 55.38 : ; +*?
$9%2 0.$0 . * '2 +
%?;8% 0..%8'+ ?;8% . 0 ; # 53.19 E 60.61 :
>#8 ; +*. 8.%8'+ ?;8%
. 0A. ' * 2.3067 >+ +3:a ' * 46.13
6 72 2 " 1
(While-reading Activities)
7,8 9 7,8 5 9
:;
1.'+$. ,8 *'. 78 ,7
17 (5.21)
173 (53.07)
72 (22.09)
60 (18.40)
4
(1.23) 2.5736 51.47 2.,+,a%?;8% 0.82 *' *
*%
16 (4.91)
85 (26.07)
114 (34.97)
108 (33.13)
3
(0.92) 2.9908 59.82 3. *2/
162 (49.69)
17 (5.21)
30 (9.20)
73 (22.39)
44
(13.50) 2.4479 48.96 4. . +
52 (15.95)
76 (23.31)
52 (15.95)
116 (35.58)
30
(9.20) 2.9877 59.75 5.. >+
30 (9.20)
74 (22.70)
83 (25.46)
117 (35.89)
22
(6.75) 3.0828 61.66 5 = 2.8166 9:; = 53.33
?.,>#8%%%$ *
!0A. ' * 2.8166 >+ +3:a ' * 53.33 : ; +*
? $9%2 0.$0 .* ,+,a%?;8% 0.82 *' **% . + 0.. >+ 0 ; # 59.75 E 61.66 :>#8 ; +*. 8 * 2/ 0.'+$. ,8 *'. 78,7 0+3 :a ; # 48.96 E 51.47
6 72 2 " $
(Post-reading Activities)
7,8 9 7,8 5 9 :;
1.7+80+*'*'
22 (6.75)
84 (25.77)
155 (47.55)
54 (16.56)
11
(3.37) 2.8405 56.81 2.% ,% >8* # % +,
*'' 0**_+;
85 (26.07)
47 (14.42)
81 (24.85)
100 (30.67)
13
(3.99) 2.7209 54.42 3.;+0++,a *'
25 (7.67)
117 (35.89)
88 (26.99)
78 (23.93)
18
(5.52) 2.8374 56.75 5 = 2.7996 9:; = 55.99
?.,>#8%%,. * ! A. ' * 2.7996 >+ +3:a ' * 55.99 : ; +*? $9%
2 0.$0 .* 7+80+*'*' % ,% >8*
# % +, *'' 0**_+; 0.;+0++,a *' 0 ; # 54.42 E 56.81 :>#8 ; +*? $9%2
#&' 3 %!")*+#
SECTION 1 Distinguishing fact and opinion SECTION 2 Making inferences
SECTION 3 Recognizing authorqs purpose SECTION 4 Recognizing authorqs writing patterns SECTION 5 Evaluating authorqs attitude and tone.
11 77,8 #7,8 5 S 87$3 5 $ '
$ ' #7,8 77,8 5 S
section I 2 10 7.2400 1.5628
section II 0 10 4.2092 1.8903
section III 0 9 5.1446 2.0504
section IV 0 10 4.9323 2.1012
section V 0 9 4.3846 2.1234
11 44 25.9046 6.3016
n = 326
?.'+* !" ' 5 *
SECTION 1 Distinguishing fact and opinion 02+ 2 0 0.
0;+ 10 0 >+ 0A. ' * 7.2400 0. * *B ' * 1.5628 SECTION 2 Making inferences 02+ 0 0 0.0
;+ 10 0 >+ 0A. ' * 4.2092 0. * *B ' * 1.8903 SECTION 3 Recognizing authorqs purpose 02+ 0 0 0.
0;+ 9 0 >+ 0A. ' * 5.1446 0. * *B ' * 2.0504 SECTION 4 Recognizing authorqs writing patterns 02+ 0 0 0.0;+ 10 0 >+ 0A. ' * 4.9323 0. * *B ' * 2.1012
SECTION 5 Evaluating authorqs attitude and tone 02+ 0 0 0.0;+ 9 0 >+ 0A. ' * 4.3846 0. * *B ' * 2.1234
12 7$($T9U""$8,7V2 "1
Correlations
, ,-%& '%& ' "# .'$ /' .'$ /' "1
Total
Pearson Correlation -0.0458 -0.1098 -0.0286 0.0762 -0.0560 Sig. (2-tailed) 0.4103 0.0476 0.6070 0.1697 0.3132 Pearson Correlation 1 -0.0806 0.4628 -0.3183 -0.2328
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.1464 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Pearson Correlation 1 -0.2153 0.0355 0.0832 1 %8
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.0001 0.5234 0.1338
Pearson Correlation 1 -0.4760 -0.0712
2 #' !"
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.0000 0.1998
Pearson Correlation 1 0.0948
!"#$
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.0876
?.,)- +8*.0. #$
* 7 )* #$ +* 2/' 0.05 1 0.2 #' !")*
#$ +* 2/' 0.05
0.+*02
13 9"# 5 S ,$ %& '8$
78$# "# $ '$3 5 8
$ ' , "#
$ %& '
5
S t df Sig.
(2-tailed) section I . ;
. 2
152 101
8.5921 5.3069
0.7034 1.0464
29.8729 251 0.0000
section II . ; . 2
132 123
6.0299 2.3089
1.2198 0.8409
28.2287 255 0.0000
section III . ; . 2
95 110
7.5053 2.7455
0.7127 1.1287
35.4437 203 0.0000
section IV . ; . 2
84 84
7.5952 2.1905
0.8084 0.9115
40.6599 166 0.0000
section V . ; . 2
100 124
6.9600 2.2016
0.9420 0.9541
37.3186 222 0.0000
?. *' *0 , . '+*0; 0.+*0 2 *0%'' 5 +8 * . '0;0.20 A. 0 +* 2/' 0.05 ''
,$ %& ' "# 5 S
. ; 90 33.6333 3.4688
. 2 94 18.5532 2.8685
?.,. '0;0.2 * . '0;
(0 75% %7) 2 90 0.0A. ' * 33.6333 0. * *B
' * 3.4688 . '02(8 25% ) 2 94 0.0A.
' * 18.5532 0. * *B' * 2.8685
15 9 ,$ %& '8$78$
# $7V2 .'$ /'
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) 2.6710 0.1039 32.1933 182 0.0000
?. *' *0 , . '+*0;0.+*
02 * !" * . '0;0.2 0A. 0 +* 2/' 0.05
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*4*0)1/ ! (+-*+ (Guidelines) -.*:-* (Clues) ! 1:(6%41 !1 T6%)6T-.1 0T : /91 0)14( 1 )( 1 9-(( !6,:(/) % 1 )( ! 1 !6:' ! 0) *# 1 will 1 )(1 ! 2 bThailand Unforgettablej will be the slogan next year as Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) highlights the countryos natural beauty, beaches and national heritage. -.*1 ! 10 According to Ms.
Juthamas, for the local market the TAT will expand potential Tourism spots as well as form partnerships and alliances with local administrations and chief executive officers of companies operating in the region to increase marketing channels and networks.
* !*-.% * ! 3 91'6 /91 )1 .* 51.45 9O/O:!+).1( ':
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6, +1 )(1 6 P!1Uv0)19:1j Give your feet a treat and slip them into Clarkso latest line up of fashionably trendy shoes under its Spring/Summer Collection 2006. This season, Clarks is inspired by the textures and colours of nature, from rural homeland to desert heat. This seasonos range emphasizes-lightweight and natural with flexible unstructured styles and soft leathers, in a wide range of funky and fresh colours. The range includes a core casual collection, sandals, the Privo collection for the alternative person and a smart collection :(+.' ':O(9. (2543: 88) ')/91 :1 :'* 4%!61( 4%!961/91.1 : 4%!4
