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2¿“§«‘™“√—ß ’«‘∑¬“ §≥–·æ∑¬»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002

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*ºŸâπ‘æπ∏åª√– “πß“π, e-mail: panaaw@kku.ac.th

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Performance of Infrared Sensor and Ultrasonic Sensor for Medical Applications

Panatsada Awikunprasert

^1*

, Onuma Wayopat

¹

, Thunyarat Wongke

¹

, Theerayut Charnnuwong

¹

, Petcharakorn Hanpanich

²

and Chayanon Awikunprasert

³

ABSTRACT

The use of Arduino microcontroller with infrared or ultrasonic sensor offers an easy way to construct a digital distance meter. This equipment can be used in medical applications allowing fast, convenient and patient touchless measurement. The aim of this study is to determine the performance of both sensors for measuring the distance using objects with different reflectance properties and different colors. The results showed that the range of infrared sensor was 40-100 cm.

The output values do not depend on temperature, humidity and density of objects, but, the color of objects and light environment do affect the accuracy of measurement. Ultrasonic sensor provides the range of 2-300 cm. The performance of sensor depends on temperature, humidity and density of objects, however, it is independent of the colors of objects. Both sensors can be used for distance measurement in medical fields. For example, infrared sensor is suitable for measuring patient thickness and x-ray tube-to-patient distance whereas ultrasonic sensor can be used for patient’s height measurement. However, color and type of reflected objects, position of sensor and working environment must be concerned.

Keywords: ultrasonic sensor, infrared sensor, distance measurement, Arduino microcontroller

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002

2Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002

3Faculty of Management Science and Information Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, 48000

*Corresponding author, e-mail: panaaw@kku.ac.th

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∑“ß√–À«à“ß‡´π‡´Õ√å·≈–«—μ∂ÿ ‚¥¬π”«—μ∂ÿ™π‘¥μà“ßÊ ‰¥â·°à °√–¥“… ’¢“« °√–¥“… ’¥” ºâ“≈Ÿ°‰¡â ’¢“«

ºâ“„¬ —ß‡§√“–Àå ’øÑ“ÕàÕπ ·≈–ºâ“ΩÑ“¬ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π‡¢â¡ ¡“´âÕπ∑—∫©“°‡√’¬∫∑’Ë®—¥∑”‰«â ‡√‘Ë¡μâπ‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬

«“ß©“°Àà“ß®“°‡´π‡´Õ√å 2 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ®“°π—Èπ‡≈◊ËÕπ©“°ÕÕ°®“°‡´π‡´Õ√å∑’≈– 1 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ‰ª®π∂÷ß 400 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ∑”°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß´È” 3 §√—Èß

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μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥·≈–‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘° [7, 8]

§ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘ Õ‘πø√“‡√¥ Õ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°

√ÿàπ GP2Y0A02YK0F HC-SR04

À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π §≈◊Ëπ·¡à‡À≈Á°‰øøÑ“ §≈◊Ëπ‡ ’¬ß

§«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 850_±70 π“‚π‡¡μ√ §«“¡∂’Ë 40 °‘‚≈‡Œ‘√å´

æ‘ —¬ 20-150 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ 2-400 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√

™π‘¥¢Õß‡Õ“∑åæÿ∑ ·Õπ–≈ÁÕ° ¥‘®‘∑—≈

°“√ª√—∫‡∑’¬∫ μâÕß°“√ ‰¡àμâÕß°“√

√“§“ 290 ∫“∑ 55 ∫“∑

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1. ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥

1.1 °“√ª√—∫‡∑’¬∫‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥

‡¡◊ËÕ„™â°√–¥“… ’¢“«·≈– ’¥”‡ªìπ©“° ®–‰¥â°√“ø·≈– ¡°“√√–À«à“ß√–¬–∑“ß·≈–§à“

¥‘®‘∑—≈‡Õ“∑åæÿ∑¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—π (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â©“°°√–¥“… ’¢“« §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß§à“

∑—Èß Õß¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡≈¢¬°°”≈—ß (power) ¡°“√ y = 7389 Ó^-0.835 (R² = 0.996) ‚¥¬‡Õ“∑åæÿ∑¢Õß

‡´π‡´Õ√å¡’§à“≈¥≈ß‡¡◊ËÕ√–¬–∑“ß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ

°√≥’∑’Ë„™â©“°°√–¥“… ’¥” ¡°“√∑’Ë‰¥â y=829Ó^-0.293 (§à“ R²=0.703) ‚¥¬„π™à«ß√–¬–∑“ß 20-50 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ æ∫«à“ §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß√–¬–∑“ß·≈–§à“‡Õ“∑åæÿ∑¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å‡ªìπ‡™‘ß‡ âπ ·μà∑’Ë

√–¬–∑“ß¡“°°«à“ 50 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ §à“‡Õ“∑åæÿ∑¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å‰¡à¢÷Èπ°—∫°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß√–¬–∑“ß ®÷ß‰¡à “¡“√∂π” ¡°“√‰ª„™â„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‰¥â

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 °√“ø· ¥ß°“√ª√—∫‡∑’¬∫‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥ ™à«ß√–¬– 20-150 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â°√–¥“… ’¢“«

·≈–°√–¥“… ’¥”‡ªìπ©“°

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1.2 °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥∫π«—μ∂ÿ™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π·μà¡’ ’μà“ß°—π

‡¡◊ËÕπ”‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥‰ª„™âß“π„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ‘πø√“‡√¥‡ªìπ

™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π·≈–æ◊Èπº‘«‡√’¬∫ ·μà¡’ ’μà“ß°—π §◊Õ ’¢“«·≈– ’¥” æ∫«à“ ’¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ àßº≈μàÕ§à“§«“¡§≈“¥

‡§≈◊ËÕπ¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‡¡◊ËÕ«—μ∂ÿ¡’ ’¢“« √âÕ¬≈–¢Õß§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥

√–¬–∑“ß„π™à«ß 20-40 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 6% °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß™à«ß 40-150 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√

§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 4% °√≥’∑’Ë«—μ∂ÿ¡’ ’¥” À“°μâÕß°“√§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π™à«ß‡¥’¬«°—∫«—μ∂ÿ ’¢“«

æ‘ —¬„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å®–®”°—¥‡æ’¬ß 40-100 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2)

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥∫π«—μ∂ÿ™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π·μà¡’ ’μà“ß°—π

1.3 °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥∫π«—μ∂ÿμà“ß™π‘¥°—π·μà¡’ ’‚∑π‡¥’¬«°—π

‡¡◊ËÕπ”‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥‰ª„™âß“π„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ‘πø√“‡√¥μà“ß™π‘¥°—π æ∫«à“ ™π‘¥¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ‰¡à àßº≈μàÕ§à“§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â«—μ∂ÿ μà“ß™π‘¥°—π ‰¥â·°à °√–¥“… ºâ“ΩÑ“¬ ºâ“„¬ —ß‡§√“–Àå ·≈–¡’ ’ÕàÕπ °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß„π™à«ß 20-40 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√

√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 6% ·≈–§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ≈¥≈ß‡ªìπ 4% „π™à«ß√–¬–∑“ß 40-150 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ‘πø√“‡√¥∑’Ë¡’ ’‚∑π‡¢â¡ æ∫«à“ °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß„π™à«ß 20-40 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ √âÕ¬≈–¢Õß§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 6% ·≈–æ‘ —¬„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å

‰¥â‡æ’¬ß 40-100 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ∑’Ë§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 4% (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3)

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√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥∫π«—μ∂ÿμà“ß™π‘¥ ‚¥¬¡’ ’‚∑πÕàÕπ (∫π) ·≈– ’‚∑π‡¢â¡ (≈à“ß)

2. ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°

2.1 °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°∫π«—μ∂ÿ™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π·μà¡’ ’μà“ß°—π

‡¡◊ËÕπ”‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°‰ª„™âß“π„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°‡ªìπ

™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π·≈–æ◊Èπº‘«‡√’¬∫ ·μà¡’ ’μà“ß°—π §◊Õ ’¢“«·≈– ’¥” º≈°“√»÷°…“ æ∫«à“ §«“¡·μ°μà“ß¢Õß ’¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ

‰¡à àßº≈μàÕ§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å ‚¥¬„π™à«ß 2-70 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ¡’√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß

§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß 2% ·≈–§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ 4% ‡¡◊ËÕ«—¥√–¬–∑“ß„π™à«ß 70-300 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ∑’Ë√–¬–∑“ß¡“°°«à“ 300 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ¡’§à“¡“°°«à“ 6% (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4)

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√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°∫π«—μ∂ÿ™π‘¥‡¥’¬«°—π·μà¡’ ’μà“ß°—π

2.2 °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°∫π«—μ∂ÿμà“ß™π‘¥°—π·μà¡’ ’‚∑π‡¥’¬«°—π

‡¡◊ËÕπ”‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°‰ª„™âß“π„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°μà“ß

™π‘¥°—π ·μà¡’ ’‚∑π‡¥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“ ™π‘¥¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—π àßº≈μàÕ§à“§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å

√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ 2% ·≈–§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ 4% ‡¡◊ËÕ«—¥√–¬–∑“ß„π™à«ß 70-300

‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ∑’Ë√–¬–∑“ß¡“°°«à“ 300 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ¡’§à“¡“°°«à“ 6%

”À√—∫ºâ“ΩÑ“¬·≈–ºâ“„¬ —ß‡§√“–Àå °“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß„π™à«ß 2-50 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ „Àâ§«“¡§≈“¥

‡§≈◊ËÕπ¡“°°«à“ 10% ·≈–§à“§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ≈¥≈ß‡ªìπ 3% „π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß 50-250 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ ·≈–

∑’Ë√–¬–∑“ß¡“°°«à“ 250 ‡´πμ‘‡¡μ√ §à“§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ¡“°°«à“ 10% (√Ÿª∑’Ë 5)

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√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 §«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß‚¥¬„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘° ∫π«—μ∂ÿμà“ß™π‘¥°—π

√ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

‡´π‡´Õ√å∑—Èß Õß™π‘¥ ¡’¢âÕ¥’ §◊Õ πÈ”Àπ—°‡∫“ √“§“∂Ÿ° “¡“√∂π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°μå„™âß“π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å

‰¥â ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß‡´π‡´Õ√å∑—Èß Õß¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°À≈—°°“√∑’Ë„™â„π‡´π‡´Õ√å∑—Èß Õßμà“ß°—π

‚¥¬‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ‘πø√“‡√¥„™â§ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘¢Õß§≈◊Ëπ·¡à‡À≈Á°‰øøÑ“ ·μà ”À√—∫‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°„™â§ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘

¢Õß§≈◊Ëπ‡ ’¬ß ´÷Ëß¡’¢âÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ®”°—¥·μ°μà“ß°—π °“√‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡´π‡´Õ√å μâÕß§”π÷ß∂÷ß ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡™àπ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡™◊Èπ Õ“°“» §ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë –∑âÕπ§≈◊Ëπ ‡™àπ §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ æ◊Èπº‘« ’¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ

°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ àßº≈μàÕÕ—μ√“‡√Á«¢Õß‡ ’¬ß„πÕ“°“» ‚¥¬Õ—μ√“‡√Á«‡ ’¬ß®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 1%

μàÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 6°C àßº≈„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπμàÕ°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°

“¡“√∂§”π«≥√–¬–∑“ß‰¥â∂Ÿ°μâÕß¬‘Ëß¢÷Èπ Õ“®‡æ‘Ë¡‡´π‡´Õ√åÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫°“√ª√—∫‡∑’¬∫·≈â«‡¢â“‰ª„π«ß®√

πÕ°®“°π’È °√–· Õ“°“»®“°≈¡ æ—¥≈¡ ‡§√◊ËÕßª√—∫Õ“°“» À√◊Õ·À≈àßÕ◊ËπÊ “¡“√∂√∫°«π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß¢Õß

‡ ’¬ß‰¥â ‡ªìπ¢âÕ®”°—¥¢Õß°“√π”‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°‰ª„™â„π ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥—ß°≈à“«

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§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ àßº≈μàÕ°“√ –∑âÕπ§≈◊Ëπ‡ ’¬ß ‚¥¬«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¡“°®–

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ºâ“„¬ —ß‡§√“–Àå ¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß‡ âπ„¬∑’Ëμà“ß°—π ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â‡´π‡´Õ√åÕ—≈μ√“‚´π‘°„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ßÕ“®

∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰¥â

æ◊Èπº‘«¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë –∑âÕπ‡ ’¬ß „πß“π«‘®—¬π’È„™âæ◊Èπº‘«∑’Ë‡√’¬∫·≈–«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¥’¬«°—π (homogenous) ¡ÿ¡¢Õß§≈◊Ëπ‡ ’¬ß∑’Ëμ°°√–∑∫«—μ∂ÿ®–‡∑à“°—∫¡ÿ¡¢Õß§≈◊Ëπ –∑âÕπ‡ ’¬ß ·μà„π°“√π”‰ª„™âß“π

„π°“√«—¥§«“¡Àπ“¢ÕßºŸâªÉ«¬ Õ“®μâÕß§”π÷ß∂÷ß ¿“ææ◊Èπº‘«∑’Ë‰¡à‡√’¬∫ °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À« À√◊Õ°“√À“¬„®¢Õß ºŸâªÉ«¬ ‡ ◊ÈÕºâ“¢ÕßºŸâªÉ«¬ àßº≈„Àâ‡°‘¥¡ÿ¡∑’Ë§≈◊Ëπμ°°√–∑∫«—μ∂ÿ·≈– –∑âÕπ°≈—∫¡“¬—ß‡´π‡´Õ√å‰¡à‡∑à“°—π ∑”„Àâ

§«“¡∂Ÿ°μâÕß„π°“√«—¥√–¬–∑“ß≈¥≈ß

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–∑âÕπ· ß·≈–°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß¢Õßæ◊Èπº‘«¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °àÕππ”‡´π‡´Õ√å‰ª§”π«≥√–¬–∑“ß ®”‡ªìπμâÕß

∑√“∫§ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘æ◊Èπº‘« ·≈– ’¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë¡’º≈μàÕ°“√ –∑âÕπ·≈–°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π§≈◊ËπÕ‘πø√“‡√¥ πÕ°®“°π’È ¿“«–

· ß√Õ∫ ‡™àπ · ß®“°¥«ßÕ“∑‘μ¬å À√◊ÕÀ≈Õ¥‰ø ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ„π°“√«—¥§à“ §«√À≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß

°“√„™â‡´π‡´Õ√å„π ¿“«–¥—ß°≈à“« [3]

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