TITLE A Comparative Study of Hmong New Year Music in China and Thailand: Similarities and Differences. 2) What are the similarities and differences between China and Thailand Hmong New Year music today?.
Introduction
- Statement of the Problem
- Research Objectives
- Research Questions
- Importance of Research
- Definition of Terms
- Conceptual Framework
So far, the two regions have followed the Hmong national culture and celebrate the Hmong New Year together. This thesis uses Hmong New Year Music in Guizhou, China and Phetchabun, Thailand as research object.
Literature Reviews
- Hmong Research Review in Southeast Asia
- Hmong Research Review in Thailand
- Hmong Research Review in China
- Hmong Music Research Review
- Hmong new year research review
- Research Site Reviews
- Theoretical Reviews
Mickey conducted research on the Hmong in Guizhou Province and published The Cowrie SheII Miao of Kweichow, 1947. Although these two books are not academic research, the content is of great importance for the further study of Hmong music.
Research Methodology
Research Scope
The author participates as much as possible in the music activities of the research object, on the one hand to obtain information through language communication, and on the other hand to obtain information through observation. The author sources relevant literature from libraries and databases for analysis and research, and strives to obtain accurate information.
Research process
The rhythm of the square dance (the upper part is the drum head, and the lower part is the drum rim). The rhythm of the shrimp dance (the upper part is the drum surface and the lower part is the drum rim).
Hmong New Year Music in China and Thailand
Hmong brief history and festival introduction
Because of this, Guiyang was also called “Lao Miao Cheng”, which means “the old Miao city”. On the other hand, the Hmong people who migrated to Jingzhou were derogatorily called “Jing Man,” meaning “the uncivilized people.”
Introduction to Hmong New Year, Guizhou Province, China
The Hmong population in these 8 provinces (regions and cities) accounts for 98% of the total Hmong population in the country. Huangping Hmong has 208,600 people, accounting for 58.7% of the county's total population, distributed across all districts and townships in the county. The Shibing Hmong has 81,400 people, accounting for 51.55% of the total population, and is spread across all the districts in the district.
Sansui Hmong 46,600 people, accounting for 22.1% of the total population, are distributed in all townships in the country. Hmong New Year, called nongx yangx in Hmong language, is the most solemn traditional festival of the Hmong people.
Introduction to Hmong New Year, Phetchabun, Thailand
Bangkok: One World Publishing.] The reason is that the province is very fertile and has abundant resources. In the fifth session of the opening ceremony, the bell of the Hmong New Year was rung.
The rhythm of the crab dance (the upper part is the drum surface and the lower part is the drum rim). Third, in terms of Hmong instruments, the main instruments played by the Hmong New Year in Thailand are Lusheng, bamboo flute and leaves. The number of players and repertoire is small and relatively small.
Hmong New Year Music Similarities and Differences
Songs
It depicts the beginning of the living universe and the chaotic period of heaven and earth. Baogong, Xionggong, Qigong and Danggong are both gods and humans in the minds of the Hmong people.第三要勤劳幸苦，The third is to work hard, 第一要生儿育女。The fourth is to have children.
The melody of the summer song is not big, solemn and serious, recitation style. The toast is mainly the lady who toasts to distinguished guests and seniors, warmly welcoming the arrival of distinguished guests.
Musical instruments
The host will send the guests from the village gate, the guests went home by themselves. Lusheng's low-pitched song is deep and loud, and the head is lowered to play, giving people a heavy feeling of depression. The leaves are one of the simplest, most natural, unique and oldest musical instruments in Hmong.
The leaves were an important instrument in the court orchestras of the Tang Dynasty and were widely distributed among the people. This is one of the important ways for young men to pursue their beloved girls.
Dance
Dance steps: take four steps with your right foot to the left, then turn from the right to the front, take four steps with your right foot, turn from the left to the back in two steps, take your left foot and walk four steps to the left, then from the right Turn sideways to the front. Dance steps: take four steps with your right foot to the right, four steps with your left foot, four steps with your right foot, turn back from the left side and turn back to the original position, then take your right foot and go right. 87 Four steps, then turn from left to back, and then take the left foot and step four steps to the left, turn from right to front in two steps.
Dance steps: first take the right foot and go four steps to the right, take the left foot and go four steps to the left, take the right foot and take four steps in the same place, then take the right foot and turn from the go to the right for a week, do four steps to the right and take the left foot. Turn from left to back, take the left foot and walk four steps to the right; then take the right foot and turn forward.
Music comparison-similarities and differences
At the same time, there is often a free extension in the melody of the song. Including the Hmong Music and Culture Exhibition Hall, training center, Hmong Music Performance Stage, etc., the transmission base may conduct Hmong music exchanges, performances and rehearsals on stage from time to time. The guide's principle of “integral protection,” in the process of protection and transmission, is far from sufficient to protect Hmong musical culture itself.
From the natural and geographical point of view, Southwest China and Southeast Asia are a geographical whole, and the Hengduan Mountain and the Salwin River, the Lancang-Mekong River and the Red River form them into a whole; From the perspective of culture and ethnic groups, the two are closely related and inseparable, and their main manifestation is the wide distribution and natural flow of ethnic groups across borders. Hmong is the most widespread and fluid nation in the region, with vitality, and has formed a large number of ethnic culture with regional characteristics, and this is reflected through the Hmong New Year. The desalination of the traditional significance of the Hmong New Year is mainly reflected in the desalination of folk beliefs in festival activities and the growth of festival cultural projects.
The Transmission and Protection of Hmong Music
Reasons for the transmission and protection of Hmong music
Hmong music preserves the historical memory of Hmong culture and sums up much of the ancient history of Hmong. Its transmission and development are the reproduction of the historical memory of Hmong culture and the process of continuous inheritance and re-creation by the Hmong people of the original Hmong cultural memory. Because the natural environment of the Hmong village is very closed, there are very few recreational activities for the villagers.
The way of performance reflects the unique values, behavior and spiritual outlook of the Hmong culture. Basically, humans are animals that use symbols." (Shi Zong, Selected Works of Western Religious Humans in the 20th Century (Volume 1), Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore. Hmong music is one of the symbols of Hmong cultural identity in the world.
Traditional method of transferring Hmong music
It is the main channel for cultivating future successors of Hmong music and is also the main front for the transmission of musical culture. With the aim of developing tourism and economic development, under the guidance of the government, most folklore activities will be performed on a stage where the audience can enjoy. When they describe their learning experience, they will unanimously say that they learned by listening to the singing of their family, friends and neighbors on holidays such as New Year.
Currently, New Year's folk events are still one of the main channels of song transmission. As long as folklore activities are going on, Hmong songs can be displayed, and people can transmit through their ears and eyes.
Difficulties faced by Hmong music transmission
The inherent content and form of Hmong music no longer meets the customs and aesthetic needs of modern people. The insiders did not make adjustments according to the current situation, and it was not suitable for the current stage-oriented and entertainment development.
Hmong music protection and transmission method
Dig deep and unravel the cultural connotation of the Hmong New Year, focusing on building a brand with national characteristics. The government extends the Hmong New Year celebration, relying on the "Hmong New Year" to display and transmit cultural heritage such as ethnic costumes and folk songs and dances. At the annual Hmong New Year festival, people will spontaneously participate in costumed activities.
107 township is honored to participate in the Hmong New Year activities and encourage the Hmong masses to perform on stage. Drive the development of the scenic spot with Hmong New Year and constantly innovate the way to keep Hmong New Year.
School transmission Mode
Hmong music enters the design of the school music classroom in the heritage of national art culture and the development of music education. Emphasize the principle of combining ethnicity and multiculturalism and teach based on an understanding of Hmong musical culture. Teachers should be good at guiding students to learn traditional Hmong culture and then guide students to actively explore the charm of Hmong music.
The students are recipients of Hmong music and all the initial preparations are for the students to learn Hmong music well. It can inspire students to love their hometown and enjoy the pride of Hmong music.
118 Second, Hmong New Year mainly consists of traditional celebration activities, modern elements gradually increase, and the traditional meaning of the festival gradually fades. With the development of time, the role of sacrificial rituals and enlightenment has become less and less, and the role of transmission and entertainment has increased. Fourth, the transmission method of the new era: cultivate a large number of transmitters, establish a music transmission base, create characteristic Hmong townships, establish a digital museum of Hmong culture, and give full play to the influence of the Hmong festival come.
Fifth, bringing Hmong culture to campus is one of the most effective ways of transmission today. Immigrants, Fugitives, and Opium Cultivators: Hmong Origins in Laos and Siam in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.
