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Diversity, Life Cycle and Nutritional Values of Trichoptera at Montane Evergreen Forest of Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges

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A submitted dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Aquaculture. Dissertation title Diversity, life cycle and nutritional values ​​of Trichoptera in the Montane Evergreen Forest of Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges Author Miss Nannaphat Suwannarat. The Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University has approved this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Aquaculture and Fishery Resources (International Program). Damrongsak Faroongsarng) Dean of the Graduate School.

This confirms that the work submitted here is the result of the candidate's own research. Thesis Title Diversity, Life Cycle and Nutritional Values ​​of Trichoptera in the Mountain Evergreen Forest of Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges By Miss Nannaphat Suwannarat. This study aimed to examine the diversity, life cycle and nutritional values ​​of Trichoptera and to examine the larval morphology, life cycle and nutritional values ​​of Lepidostoma abruptum Banks, 1931 in the montane evergreen forest of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges.

Study summary Trichoptera are the most diverse in Khao Nan, followed by Tai Rom Yen and least in Khao Luang National Park. This thesis would not have been written without the help and support of my advisor Assoc.Prof.Dr.

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS M&C = Malicky&Chantaramonkol

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS (Continued) EtOH =ethyl alcohol

LIST OF PAPERS AND PROCEEDING 1 List of papers

  • Reprints were made with permission from the publishers Paper I to VII Paper 1;3;4

Two new species of caddisflies (Trichoptera: Insecta) from the submontane evergreen forests of southern caddisflies (Trichoptera: Insecta) from the submontane evergreen forests of southern Thailand. Four new species of Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834 (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) from Southeast Asia. Four new species of seals (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, Hydropsychidae), seals (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, Hydropsychidae, Odontoceridae) from Khao Nan and Tai Rom Yen National Parks, southern Thailand.

Caddisfly species diversity (Insecta: Trichoptera) in the evergreen forest of the Lower Nakhon Si Thammarat Hill Species (Insecta: Trichoptera) in the evergreen forest of the Lower Nakhon Si Thammarat Range in southern Thailand. Larval morphology, life cycle and nutritional values ​​of Lepidostoma abruptum Banks, 1931 (Trichoptera, Nutritional values ​​of Lepidostoma abruptum Banks, 1931 (Trichoptera, Lepidostomatidae) from Lower-Hill Evergreen Forests of Southern Thailand, 2, T ri Permanent Article. Caddisflies (Trichoptera: Insecta) from the evergreen forests of the Lower Hill of Southern Thailand.

Third, Article title: Four new species of flies (Trichoptera: . Polycentropodidae, Psychomyiidae, Hydropsychidae, Odontoceridae) from Khao Nan and Tai Rom Yen National Parks, southern Thailand. Greetings from Prince of Songkla University and thank you very much for your efforts, I appreciate it.

  • Summary of Contents
    • Introduction
    • Concluding remarks
  • References
  • Paper

Thailand is in the oriental region of the zoogeographic region and has a high diversity of flora and fauna (Morse, 2016). They occupy about one-tenth of the world's land surface (Thomas & Baltzer, 2002) and include two main subtypes: deciduous forests and evergreen forests. The substrate was dominated by bed and stones above the water level, deep pool in the middle, cobbles, gravel and sand in the deepest place (Figure 9).

The substrate was dominated by boulders, cobbles, gravel and sand in the deeper zone (Figure 10). The substrate was dominated by bedrock above the water level, the middle of the pool was covered with sand and mud, and there were cobbles and gravel at the deepest level (Figure 12). The substrate was bed and stones above the water level, the middle of the pool was covered with cobbles, gravel and sand was at the deepest level (Figure 16).

The substrate of all study sites was dominated by rocks - dominant above the water level, and the middle of the pool was covered with sand and mud, cobbles and gravel at the deepest level with only minor differences. In this study, many species appeared only in southern Thailand, which is part of the Sundaic subregion, such as Rhyacophila suratthaniensis, R. 2018) reported that, in general, larvae of the genus Lepidostoma are herbivores living in forested streams.

45 Trichoptera are one of the largest groups of aquatic life exhibiting primary and secondary consumers in streams and rivers (McCafferty, 1981; Holzenthal et al., 2007). The larva of Lepidostoma doehleri ​​Malicky 1976 (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) with notes on ecology and a key to larvae for species of the genus in Greece. Grazers, shredders and filter carnivores—the evolution of feeding ecology in Drusinae (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae): insights from a molecular phylogeny. 1984). The ecology of aquatic insects.

Monitoring benthic macroinvertebrates as a bioindicator for assessing the health of the Dodi Tal high elevation wetland, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Description of the larva of Oecetis mizrain Malicky & Graf, 2012 (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) and Lepidostoma scotti (Ulmer, 1930) (Trichoptera, Lepidostomatidae) from the Chilimos Forest, Central Ethiopia. Aquatic insects and their potential to contribute to the diet of the globally expanding human population.

Life cycle of the web-spinning caddis, Cheumatopsyche analis (Banks) (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), in two small front-range urban streams, Fort Collins, Colorado. Monitoring macrobenthic invertebrates as bioindicators for health assessment of high altitude wetlands Dodi Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, India.

Figure 1.  Map of study sites at Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges, in Tai Rom Yen, Khao  Nan and Khao Luang National Parks
Figure 1. Map of study sites at Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges, in Tai Rom Yen, Khao Nan and Khao Luang National Parks

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Rhyacophila tantichodoki Chrysotrichia pulmonaria Hydroptila portunus Chimarra bimbltona Stenopsyche siamensis Psychomyia adun Psychomyia indra Psychomyia kuni Ecnomus vibenus Diplectrona gombak Hydropsyche brontes Macrostemum midas Oecetis tripunctata. Cheumatopsyche copia Cheumatopsyche trilari Diplectrona gombak Hydromanicus abiud Hydropsyche brontes Hydropsyche camillus Macrostemum dohrni Macrostemum midas Lepidostoma abruptum Adicella evadne Oecetis maron Oecetis tripunctata Triaenodes menestheus. Hydroptila portunus Hydroptila rumpun Hydroptila sabit Hydroptila venus Hydroptila verticordia Hydroptila huaivat Orthotrichia terpsichore Orthotrichia kaonan Chimarra bimbltona.

Cheumatopsyche tramota Hydropsyche camillus Macrostemum midas Potamyia phaidra Goera unica Goera uniformis Oecetis lotis Oecetis tripunctata Setodes sarapis Setodes isis Setodes thoneti. Chrysotrichia pulmonaria Chrysotrichia quirinus Chrysotrichia vulkan Hellyethira bulat Hydroptila keres Hydroptila rumpun Hydroptila portunus Hydroptila verticordia Plethus ulixes. Ugandatrichia honga Stactobia klongpod Glossosoma elvisso Chimarra bimbltona Chimarra chiangmaiensis Stenopsyche siamensis Polyplectropus mathatha Hyalopsyche winkleri Paduniella semarangensis.

Cheumatopsyche chinensis Cheumatopsyche tramota Hydropsyche brontes Hydropsyche camillus Hydropsyche doctersi Macrostemum fenestratum Macrostemum midas Goera unica. Chrysotrichia pulmonaria Chimarra bimbltona Chimarra monorum Chimarra okuihorum Chimarra spinifera Chimarra yskal Stenopsyche siamensis Cheumatopsyche lucida Macrostemum midas Diplectrona gombak Goera matuilla Leptocerus rutulus.

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It is similar to other species from Asia and can be diagnosed by the characters mentioned by Sun (2016). Length of each male forewing 5.0 mm (n = 2); specimens in alcohol with pale yellow head, thorax and forewings. Preanal appendages strongly sclerotized, extending beyond apicodorsal lobe of segment IX, their mesal surfaces covered with short dark brown setae, oval in lateral view, subtriangular in dorsal view.

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VITAE

Gambar

Figure 1.  Map of study sites at Nakhon Si Thammarat Ranges, in Tai Rom Yen, Khao  Nan and Khao Luang National Parks
Figure 2.  Study site (TR1) at Tai Rom Yen National Park.
Figure 3.  Study site (TR2) at Tai Rom Yen National Park.
Figure 4.  Study site (TR3) at Tai Rom Yen National Park.
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